A rational approach to cash flow.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Kurtzman.
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A community program for promotion of breast-feeding integrated into the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services is presented and evaluated, using two quasi-experimental designs, comparison groups and time trends. The program, which began in 1981, included guidance from the 7th month of pregnancy to 6 months post-delivery. An increase in the percentage of breast-feeding mothers and the duration of breast-feeding was noted in the post-intervention cohorts (1981-82 and 1985) compared with the preintervention cohorts (1979-81). The comparison of the breast-feeding pattern of the 1985 birth cohort from the MCH service exposed to the program with a similar group receiving routine MCH care indicated that the percentage of mothers breast-feeding fully or partially was consistently higher among the intervention group compared with the control group at 4, 13 and 26 weeks (P = 0.0045), and the mean duration of full breast-feeding was 9.3 weeks compared with 7.0 weeks (P = 0.028). The program had a greater effect on mothers with a lower educational standard, thus closing the gap in the breast-feeding pattern by educational level in the intervention group. The evaluation indicates that a structured breast-feeding promotion program is more effective than the routine guidance received in the MCH service.
A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of Israeli nursing and medical students toward the rights of hospitalized patients in a cross-sectional study of first and fourth year students. Mean attitude scores were high in all student groups showing strong agreement with theoretical rights. Senior nursing students showed significantly higher scores than first-year nursing students. Eighty-eight percent of all students and 100% of senior nursing students considered a blanket consent procedure inadequate for protecting patient's rights. Senior nursing students assigned responsibility for protecting patients' rights to nurses, doctors, hospital administration, and the patient/family with higher frequency than other student groups.
A community health center in Israel, delivering services to a geographically defined population, attempted to formulate goals for its postpartum family planning service. Taking into account the pronatalist climate in Israel along with the good health status of the population served by this center, it was decided that the community-wide goal of the family planning program was to ensure the rights of couples to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children. Specific process and outcome objectives were developed based on helping couples define and clarify their family planning goals, and assisting them to achieve these goals. Preliminary evaluation of the intervention based on the objectives showed that 84.0 per cent of the cohort of women who gave birth in 1980 (n = 212) had specific postpartum planning goals as opposed to 69.0 per cent of women who gave birth in 1977 (n = 242). The percentage of women experiencing unplanned pregnancies during the two years after birth was reduced by 46 per cent in the 1980 cohort (6.1 per cent of the women) as compared with the 1977 cohort (11.2 per cent).
This paper deals with the preparation of Israeli nurses for community orientation in primary care. Educational strategies are experiential and integrate public health and nursing practices. Some educational projects are briefly described.
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This article presents a study that evaluated the work performance of the first seven graduate classes of Hadassah Nursing School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Most of the graduates were located and their fields of employment and future professional plans determined. Strengths and weaknesses in the graduates' practical work are discussed. While interviewing the head nurses at the graduates' workplaces, the absorption strategies of accepting the graduates were questioned as were the ways in which the graduates were evaluated.
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