PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C L Best

Publications and source records attributed to C L Best.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Vulnerability-stress factors in development of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Log-linear chi 2 analyses were conducted to examine potential interactions between the presence of precrime axis I psychiatric diagnoses and differential levels of crime stress in association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community sample of 295 female crime victims. High crime stress was defined as crime that included either perceived life threat, actual injury, or completed rape. Crime stress level was significantly associated with PTSD after the crime. Thirty-five percent of subjects with high crime stress exposure met criteria for PTSD, as opposed to 13% of those with low crime stress exposure. Precrime diagnosis was not associated with high crime stress exposure, indicating that this is not a vulnerability factor for exposure to crime characteristics associated with increased rates of PTSD. There were no significant independent associations between precrime axis I diagnoses and PTSD after the crime. However, a significant interaction was observed among crime stress level, precrime depression, and PTSD such that the rate of PTSD was substantially higher in association with precrime depression only in the high crime stress exposure group. Major findings are consistent with previous results implicating trauma exposure as the primary factor in development of PTSD. However, the results indicate that precrime depression may constitute a vulnerability factor for development of PTSD under conditions of high crime stress exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of interceed(TC7) for reduction of postoperative adhesions in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Interceed(TC7) (Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ) in the prevention of postoperative adhesions in a rabbit uterine horn model. Interceed(TC7) was tested in the presence and absence of absorbable suture. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits had lesions created on bilateral uterine horns at laparotomy. Lesions were randomly allocated to treatment with Interceed(TC7) or control. The effect of Interceed(TC7) was evaluated on sutured lesions (4-0 polyglactin 910; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) as well as on open cut lesions (no sutures applied). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adhesion formation, using a grading system ranging from 0 to 3. RESULTS: Interceed(TC7)-treated animals in the sutured group (average adhesion score +/- SD = 2.15 +/- 1.3) did not differ from controls (average score +/- SD = 2.35 +/- 0.93) in adhesion formation, P = 0.47. Rabbits with open cut lesions treated with Interceed(TC7) (average adhesion score +/- SD = 1.89 +/- 1.1) did not differ from control animals (average score +/- SD = 1.83 +/- 1.2), P = 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: Interceed(TC7) was not an effective adhesioprophylactic agent in the presence or absence of nonreactive absorbable suture.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of TC7 and 32% dextran 70 for prevention of postoperative adhesions in hamsters.

Prevention of postoperative adhesion formation has received considerable attention by infertility specialists. Barrier methods and hydroflotation solutions are currently used for adhesion prevention. The present study compared the efficacy of TC7 and 32% dextran 70 in a hamster model. At laparotomy, 90 golden hamsters had a lesion created on the left uterine horn and repaired with absorbable suture. The first experiment used 3-0 chromic catgut suture in 43 hamsters; the second experiment used 5-0 polyglactin 910 suture in 47 hamsters. The animals were randomly divided into a control group (N = 25) which received no treatment, a TC7-treated group (N = 33), and a 32% dextran 70-treated group (N = 32). The animals were sacrificed between 10-14 days after laparotomy and adhesions were graded (0 = no adhesions; 3 = severe adhesions). TC7 had average adhesion scores of 1.91 for chromic catgut and 2.25 for polyglactin 910; 32% dextran 70 had average adhesion scores of 1.53 and 2.00, respectively. These scores were not different from the control average adhesion score of 1.80 for both chromic catgut and polyglactin 910. We conclude that TC7 and 32% dextran 70 do not appear to be effective agents for preventing postoperative adhesions in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Unexplained displacement of ipsilateral ovary and fallopian tube.

During routine laparoscopy, the right fallopian tube and ovary were noted to be displaced. Ovarian and fallopian tube tissue were found on biopsy of adjacent omentum. The most probable cause is asymptomatic torsion of the right adnexum; therefore, evaluation of the renal system with intravenous pyelogram is probably not necessary.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Behavioral treatment of panic-related disorders: a review.

Behavioral theories and therapy techniques for panic-related disorders are reviewed. A variety of research studies and measurement techniques are discussed, and methodological issues are highlighted, particularly with respect to outcome measures and controversies in the literature regarding treatment assessments. The preponderance of treatments and research to date have examined the effects of various combinations of treatments on panic disorder. More recently, the use of behavioral therapy for panic disorders has received increasing empirical support. This paper describes treatments for panic-related disorders, especially phobic avoidance behavior, from a behavioral therapy context.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Fixed cutaneous eruptions to seminal-plasma challenge: a case report.

Reactions to human seminal plasma may present as immediate hypersensitivity, cell-mediated hypersensitivity, or fixed eruptions. There are no typical responses to semen. An abnormal skin lesion or systemic response after intercourse may be the only clue to identifying those who are reacting to semen. The use of condoms has proven to be the most consistent preventive modality. However, the use of condoms is unacceptable to some regardless of the relief provided. Although conventional therapy for hypersensitivity reactions to human seminal plasma is suboptimal, one should be aware of MA in the treatment of an atypical cause of human seminal plasma induced reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Self-destructive behavior in hospitalized medical and surgical patients.

This article reviews the literature and presents data from the Psychiatric Consultation Service of the Medical University of South Carolina on self-destructive behavior in hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Fatal suicide attempts are rare and usually occur in patients with severe, painful chronic illnesses, psychosis, or dementia. Less overt forms of self-destructive behavior include refusal of medical treatment and uncooperative behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for rape, physical assault, and posttraumatic stress disorder in women: examination of differential multivariate relationships.

The National Women's Study, a 2-year, three-wave longitudinal investigation, employed a national probability sample of 3,006 adult women to: (a) identify separate risk factors for rape and physical assault, and (b) identify separate risk factors associated with post-rape posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-physical assault PTSD. This investigation differed from previous studies in that it prospectively examined risk factors at the multivariate, as opposed to univariate level. Overall, past victimization, young age, and a diagnosis of active PTSD increased women's risk of being raped. By contrast, past victimization, minority ethnic status, active depression, and drug use were associated with increased risk of being physically assaulted. Risk factors for PTSD following rape included a history of depression, alcohol abuse, or experienced injury during the rape. However, risk factors for PTSD following physical assault included only a history of depression and lower education.

Adolescent↗