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Biomedical subjects

C L Chrisman

Publications and source records attributed to C L Chrisman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Neurologic examination of sea turtles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether neurologic examination techniques established for use on dogs and cats could be adapted for use on sea turtles. DESIGN: Prospective controlled observational study. ANIMALS: 4 healthy Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas), 1 healthy Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi), and 6 Green Turtles suspected to have neurologic abnormalities. PROCEDURE: Neurologic examinations were performed while sea turtles were in and out of the water and in ventral and dorsal recumbency. Mentation, general activity, head and body posture, movement and coordination, thoracic and pelvic limb movement, strength and muscle tone, and tail movement were observed. Thoracic and pelvic limb flexor reflexes and nociception, righting response, cranial nerve reflexes, clasp and cloacal reflexes, and neck, dorsal scute, cloacal and tail nociception were tested. RESULTS: Results of neurologic evaluations were consistent for healthy sea turtles. Sea turtles suspected to have neurologic abnormalities had abnormal results. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Many of the neurologic examination techniques used to evaluate dogs and cats can be adapted and used to evaluate sea turtles. A standardized neurologic examination should result in an accurate assessment of neurologic function in impaired sea turtles and should help in evaluating effects of rehabilitation efforts and suitability for return to their natural environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Primary encephalic plasma cell tumor in a dog.

A 5-year-old female spayed Spitz dog had a 5-week history of right head tilt, seizures, and progressive quadriplegia. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed 27,600 white blood cells per microliter with 63% mononuclear phagocytes, 27% lymphocytes, 6% neutrophils, 3% plasmacytoid cells, and 1% eosinophils, and over 2000 mg/dl protein. On contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images, a focal 1-cm oval lesion was identified in the right ventral brainstem. There was also marked contrast enhancement of the meninges in the following areas: surrounding the brainstem, outlining cerebellar folia, along the ventral floor of the brain and extending to the falx cerebri, and partially outlining the left frontal lobe. At necropsy, the areas of contrast enhancement corresponded to the presence of compact cellular sheets of pleomorphic, anisocytotic, oval to polygonal neoplastic cells with plasmacytoid differentiation. The smaller of these plasmacytoid cells stained predominantly for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin A using immunoperoxidase methodology. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had morphologic features typical of plasma cells, with large amounts of predominantly rough endoplasmic reticulum with variably prominent Golgi formation. This is the first report of a canine primary intracranial malignant plasma cell tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Spinal meningeal sarcoma in a rottweiler puppy.

An 11-week-old rottweiler puppy was presented for evaluation of progressive paraparesis, urinary and faecal incontinence. Radiography and myelography revealed widening of the vertebral canal and remodelling of several lumbar vertebrae associated with an intramedullary spinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extensive, heterogeneous mass involving the lumbosacral spinal cord. Histopathological examination indicated a meningeal sarcoma with very varied cytological architecture.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

An auricular acupuncture treatment for idiopathic canine epilepsy: a preliminary report.

A new canine auricular acupuncture point for the treatment for epilepsy is introduced. The new acupoint was used with a previously reported canine auricular acupoint (van Neikerk and Eckersley, 1988) for the treatment of epilepsy in five dogs. The testimonial results of these five cases indicate that the technique is worthy of scientific investigation, and controlled research is proposed. Only testimonial evidence currently supports its application, yet this innocuous treatment is recommended for use in all cases of canine epilepsy. The traditional Chinese medical explanation for the treatment is described, and hypothetical Western physiology is presented.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1994

Diagnostic and prognostic importance of chromosomal aberrations identified in 61 dogs with lymphosarcoma.

To determine the diagnostic and/or prognostic importance of chromosomal aberrations identified in dogs with malignant (non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma, clinical stages for 61 dogs with lymphosarcoma were determined, the lymph node(s) were histopathologically graded, and the malignant tissue lymphocytes were karyotyped. The results from life table survival curve analysis demonstrated that first remission length and survival time were significantly longer in 15 of 61 (25%) dogs that had a trisomy of chromosome 13 as the primary chromosomal aberration than in those dogs (46/61, 75%) with other primary chromosomal aberrations (P < 0.05). Sex, age, weight, histopathologic subtype and grade, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage, WHO and modified Karnofsky performance status, chromosomal modal number, and treatment protocol were of no prognostic importance in predicting first remission length or survival time (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis did not identify a significant correlation between the prognostic groups or within the various prognostic subsets (P > 0.05). The pathogenesis of canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as observed cytogenetically, differs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of aphidicolin-induced chromosome fragility in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa).

Aphidicolin (APC)-sensitive fragile sites were identified in chromosome preparations from peripheral lymphocyte cultures of 12 four-way crossbred pigs. A chi 2 analysis demonstrated that aphidicolin-induced breakage events and previously reported in vivo chromosome rearrangement events were not independent. Comparison of expected Poisson and negative binomial distributions to observed breakage patterns indicated that the negative binomial distribution provided a better fit to experimental data. The negative binomial distribution is consistent with a distribution of breakage rates, i.e., non-constant rates of breakage at chromosomal loci across the genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tissue-specific expression of the human neuropeptide Y gene in transgenic mice.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant neuropeptide detected in the mammalian brain, and is found throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. This peptide is a proposed regulator of appetite, blood pressure, and pituitary hormone release. Previous experiments have demonstrated the ability of 5' sequences within the human NPY gene to promote transcription in cultured neuronal cells. To identify sequences in this gene that regulate tissue-specific expression, a NPY/CAT fusion gene, containing approximately 850 bp of NPY sequences, was microinjected into fertilized mouse ova. Five lines of transgenic mice were derived from these ova and several tissues from mice of each line were tested for transgene expression using the CAT assay. One line demonstrated X-chromosome-linked transmission of the transgene while the other lines demonstrated autosomally-linked transmission. Three lines demonstrated transgene expression with significant levels of CAT activity detectable only in tissues which have been shown to express endogenous NPY. One autosomally-linked line did not demonstrate significant levels of transgene activity because the transgene appeared to have undergone structural alteration during genomic integration. No transgene activity was detected in either male of female mice from the X-linked line, suggesting a positional regulation of the transgene locus other than X-inactivation in this line. The present research demonstrated the NPY regulatory sequences included in pCATNPY delta 796 sufficiently directed tissue-appropriate gene expression in transgenic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Accurate interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes can only be made in the context of the differential diagnosis for each case. The routine analysis of CSF cell number and type as well as CSF total protein can provide information that suggests a specific mechanism or disease, but is often inconclusive. Further information obtained from CSF protein electrophoresis and immunoglobulin determination and calculation of an albumin quota and IgG index can lend additional support for the suspected mechanism of disease. Paired serum and CSF antibody titers for specific organisms can be useful to confirm the presence of a systemic or nervous system infection. Current research on detecting antibodies against nervous tissue components in CSF should result in better diagnostic capabilities and understanding of the pathophysiology of certain disorders in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of post-implantation mouse embryos after maternal heat stress during meiotic maturation.

The effects of heat stress during oocyte maturation were studied in post-implantation mouse embryos. Virgin ICR mice were exposed to 35 +/- 1 degree C and 65 +/- 3% RH for 12.5 h beginning immediately after synchronization of ovulation with PMSG and hCG. Embryos of heat-stressed dams were developmentally heterogeneous and showed significant delays in development with as much as 48 h delayed development. Nearly 6% of these embryos were triploid, and another 2% were hyper-diploid. Development of triploid embryos was delayed more than 24 h. Nine embryos with severe developmental delay had heterogeneous chromosome constitutions. Embryo mortality before and after implantation was higher in heat-stressed dams than in controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Neuroaxonal dystrophy of Rottweiler dogs.

Five Rottweiler dogs were examined because of progressive ataxia of thoracic and pelvic limbs of several months' to 4 years' duration. Hypermetria, especially of the thoracic limbs, and head incoordination and tremors were obvious features in the 3 older dogs. None of the dogs had evidence of weakness or loss of conscious proprioception. An electroencephalogram in 1 severely affected dog was normal. Electromyograms in 2 severely affected dogs were normal except for some positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials in the interosseus muscles of all 4 feet. Cerebrospinal fluid evaluations of 2 severely affected dogs were normal. A reduced number of sensory nerve endings, compared with age-matched controls, was seen on histologic examination of a conjunctival biopsy specimen in 1 severely affected dog. An antemortem diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy was suspected from the signalment, history, and neurologic examination findings. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of microscopic findings in 3 dogs necropsied.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A leukoencephalomyelopathy of rottweiler dogs.

Two adult rottweiler dogs were evaluated for slowly progressive ataxia and paresis of all four limbs of over seven months duration. On neurologic examination, signs referable to a lesion in the cervical spinal cord affecting motor and sensory white matter tracts were found. Both dogs were necropsied and were found to have demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord, brain stem, and deep cerebellar white matter. Primary morphologic alterations were intact naked axons and thinly myelinated axons accompanied by reactive astrogliosis. The spinal cord lesions tended to have bilateral symmetry and were found in the lateral funiculi and occasionally in the dorsal funiculi. The cause and pathogenesis of the lesion were not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neurotoxicologic effects of the nonionic contrast agent iopamidol on the leptomeninges of the dog.

The effect of iopamidol on the leptomeninges was tested and compared with that of metrizamide and normal saline solution in 18 dogs. Pathologic and clinical effects were evaluated at 24 hours and 14 days after cisternal injection of iopamidol, metrizamide, or normal saline solution. Pathologic changes were evaluated by microscopic examination of serial CSF samples and of sections of brain and spinal cord with the leptomeninges intact. Clinical changes were subjectively evaluated. Electromyograms and EEG were performed on each dog after physical and neurologic examination. There were no changes seen in neurologic status, electromyogram, or EEG in any of the dogs immediately after subarachnoid injection nor at 24 hours or 14 days later. Pathologic changes were limited to mild, moderate, or severe patchy hemorrhagic leptomeningitis seen at 24 hours after iopamidol or metrizamide was injected. The severity of changes were judged to be similar with both these agents. The CSF analysis and histologic evaluation of brain and spinal cord sections revealed a neutrophilic response to iopamidol and a mononuclear response to metrizamide. These findings indicate that iopamidol has minimal neurotoxicologic effect on the leptomeninges and therefore has merit as a myelographic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ovum morphology after hyperthermic stress during meiotic maturation and ovulation in the mouse.

Eggs were collected from 60 virgin ICR mice 15 1/2 h after synchronization of ovulation with PMSG and hCG from control females and those exposed for 15 1/2 h to hyperthermic conditions (35 +/- 1 degrees C, 65 +/- 3% relative humidity) immediately after the hCG injection. Eggs were classified for analysis as monocellular, bicellular, tricellular equal, tricellular, unequal, multicellular and degenerate. Egg class frequencies were affected by increasing atypical forms (P < 0.01). Stressed animals had significantly larger cells when an analysis of variance was performed on the bicellular classification, but there was no effect on ovum diameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Influence of phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in the chick.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in chicks fed crystalline amino acid diets. Both mean follicle diameter and epithelial cell height were significantly reduced in birds fed either of the deficient diets as compared with controls. These results agree with previous studies on serum T4 and T3 concentrations where the effects of an amino acid deficiency were general and not limited to precursors of thyroxine.

Animals↗