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Biomedical subjects

C L Craig

Publications and source records attributed to C L Craig.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Orthopedic aspects of musculoskeletal disease in children.

New information affecting the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions in children was published within the past year. A new etiology for acquired torticollis as well as a test to distinguish ocular and muscular torticollis were described. Familial predisposition for successful nonoperative treatment of interventional disk herniation was reported. Bone scintigraphy was shown to be helpful in defining the cause of occult gait disturbances, and accurate mapping of premature growth plate closure may soon be possible with magnetic resonance scans.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Effect of intensity of physical activity on body fatness and fat distribution.

To evaluate the effect of intensity of physical activity on body fatness and fat distribution, observations of 1366 women and 1257 men who participated in the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey were analyzed. Subjects were tested for energy expenditure of leisure-time activities and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body fatness was measured by subcutaneous skinfold thicknesses, and anthropometric measurements were made. Subjects of both sexes were categorized into four subgroups on the basis of their participation in leisure-time activities of various intensities. In general, subjects practicing vigorous activities on a regular basis had lower subcutaneous skinfold thicknesses and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) than those not performing these activities. These differences remained statistically significant after a covariance analysis was used to remove the effect of total energy expenditure of leisure-time activities on subcutaneous fat and fat distribution. Moreover, the WHR remained significantly lower in subjects performing high-intensity exercise after the effect of subcutaneous fat on fat distribution was adjusted for.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Hip injuries in children and adolescents.

Hip injuries in children present a wide spectrum of problems. Frequently because of the severity of the trauma involved, other injuries may take precedence and may require modification of the usual approaches to treatment. However, certain precepts are essential to the successful treatment of these injuries and should be kept in mind regardless of the milieu in which they are found. In the child with a hip dislocation, the potential presence of an acetabular, femoral head, femoral shaft, patellar or tibial plateau fracture must always be considered. Specialized x-ray views are necessary for this evaluation. Laminography and arthrography may also be required. The essential feature of successful subsequent treatment is a gentle closed reduction performed within 24 hours of injury. Treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck remains an unresolved issue. Accurate reduction held with adequate internal fixation would appear to offer the best chance for a successful result. The possible complications of avascular necrosis, delayed union and non-union, coxa vara, premature closure of the epiphyseal plate, and shortening should be appreciated. Early institution of appropriate treatment may mitigate the ultimate effect of these potentially devastating problems.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A reassessment of spinal stabilization in severe cerebral palsy.

A homogenous population of 37 institutionalized patients with scoliosis and severe cerebral palsy was evaluated to assess the impact of spinal stabilization on comfort, function, health, and ease of nursing care. Through a prospective care-burden study, a 34-month retrospective analysis, and a healthcare worker questionnaire, 17 fused patients with a mean current scoliosis of 35 degrees were compared with 20 nonfused patients with a mean scoliosis of 76 degrees. No clinically significant differences were noted in pain or pulmonary medication utilization or therapy, decubiti, function, or time for daily care. Nevertheless, the majority of healthcare workers believed that the fused patients were more comfortable.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The arthrogrypotic foot plan of management and results of treatment.

Fifty-one arthrogrypotic feet have been treated and followed by the Pediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Tufts New England Medical Center, (1970-1980). Forty of the 51 feet presented as equinovarus with the residual divided among metatarsus adductus, vertical tali, and calcaneovalgus. Equinovarus deformities are the most resistant in all cases. Corrective casts are applied for at least the first 3 months of life. Surgical procedures were then initiated with any evidence of lack of progression of treatment. Varus and equinus were treated by an extensive posterior and medial release. Lateral soft tissue releases in addition to calcaneocuboid fusion or cuboid osteotomy were necessary in 24 of the 70 operations. Recurrence rate has been a problem in the simple type of posterior release including only an Achilles tendon lengthening, and posterior capsulotomy of the ankle and subtalar joint. Talectomy has been carried out in four feet and appears to be one type of reasonable salvage procedure in smaller children with recurrent varus. Treatment is difficult in these patients but a plantigrade foot should be achieved in all cases.

Arthrogryposis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subtalar arthrodesis for stabilization of valgus hindfoot in patients with cerebral palsy.

All patients with spastic cerebral palsy who underwent correction of valgus hindfoot by Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis between 1971 and 1986 performed by two surgeons using an identical technique were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients (53 feet) were followed at an average of 8.9 years after operation. Traditional radiographic criteria for measurement of hindfoot alignment in skeletally mature individuals have poor reliability. Talar head uncovering is a useful and reproducible method for evaluation of hindfoot valgus in these patients. Five patients had progressive hindfoot or ankle deformity at latest follow-up. All five of these patients were spastic quadriplegics. There was no recurrence in the 17 patients who were less severely involved than the quadriplegic patients.

Arthrodesis↗