Biomedical subjects

C L Fox

Publications and source records attributed to C L Fox.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Pharmacology and clinical use of silver sulfadiazine and related topical antimicrobial agents.

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene(R), US; Flamazine UK; Flamazine, Netherlands; Sulplata South America) is proving to be a highly successful topical antimicrobial agent for control of burn wound infections. The advantages of wide spectrum of activity, painless application, negligible toxicity and ease of application contribute to the usefulness of this compound. These advantages have led to its use for wound infections other than burns, for skin ulceration and for certain dermatologic lesions; also for the prevention and treatment of various vaginal infections. Described also are zinc sulfadiazine which can provide zinc for wound healing and cerous sulfadiazine which contains the rare earth metal cerium. Their unique effects on cell biology may determine their specific roles in topical therapy.

Burns↗

PubMed1977

Topical chemotherapy for burns using cerium salts and silver sulfadiazine.

These experimental data indicate that cerium compounds exert a measurable antimicrobial action in vitro. In vivo the simultaneous use of cerium sulfadiazine and silver sulfadiazine was more effective than silver sulfadiazine alone or the combination of cerous nitrate and silver sulfadiazine. When cerous nitrate was used clically, gram-positive bacteria predominated. In contrast, wounds exposed to silver salts alone harbor a predominately gram-negative flora. The combination of cerous nitrate and silver sulfadiazine appears to provide a broad spectrum inhibitory to both types of organisms. It is apparent that a sampling problem exists in any attempt to monitor wounds that may exceed a square meter in extent. These bacteriologic data pertain only to the surface flora. The need to culture tissue samples of burn wounds has been emphasized. Our experience, however, is that invasion of deep tissue without dense surface colonization, greater than 10(5), is infrequent. Furthermore, fragments of eschar were submitted regularly for culture; those results confirmed the surface culture findins. The characteristic yellow-green color of cerium nitrate treated eschars may results from oxidation of trivalent cerium to yellow ceric ions. Free silver and sulfadiazine ions are available also in small amounts because of limited ionization of the highly insoluble silver sulfadiazine. This might promote the in vivo formation of cerous sulfadiazine and would provide a continuous source of ionic cerium for microbial inhibition. The modification of silver sulfadiazine cream by incorporating cerous nitrate into it strikingly enhances its topical antiseptic effect in burn wounds without increasing toxicity.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1976

The supraoptic nucleus and the supraopticohypophysial tract in the monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The observations here on Golgi material are based on the study of fortunate impregnations in one horizontally sectioned and one frontally sectioned series found in the collection of Golgi preparations of the adult monkey brains (Macaca mulatta) available in this laboratory. The soma of the large supraoptic neurons have jagged protrusions and irregular crevices which give their surfaces a craggy appearance. Also they have a few somatic spines. Their dendrites, which usually arise from two or three dendritic trunks, emerging from the cell body, are moderately branched and have occasional dendritic spines. The axon emerges from a conical elevation either on the soma or a dendrite and is directed towards the supraopticohypophysial tract. In the present material there are a few neurons of the supraoptic nucleus impregnated that are definitely smaller than the larger neurons. They have short beaded axons, ending in the supraoptic nucleus a short distance from their point of origin. In the horizontal sections the supraopticohypophysial tract fibers can be seen passing over the posterior aspect of the optic tract. In the frontal sections, this fan-shaped tract, wide above and constricted below, can be followed into the median eminence. Some of these axons in their intrahypothalamic course have short beaded collaterals. Electron micrographs reveal: (1) endings with spherical synaptic vesicles and endings with flattened synaptic vesicles synapsing on neurosecretory axons in the supraoptic nucleus; (2) a few myelinated fibers containing neurosecretory granules in the intrahypothalamic portion of the supraopticohypophysial tract. As can be seen in both Golgi and electron microscopic preparations the presence of fibrous astrocytes in the supraoptic nucleus and their abundance in the hypothalamic portion of the supraopticohypophysial tract is characteristic of this neurosecretory system. In the nucleus and in the tract processes of the fibrous astrocytes are intimately associated with neurosecretory fibers.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Zinc sulfadiazine for topical therapy of pseudomonas infection in burns.

Zinc sulfadiazine is a new compound which is effective in vitro and in vivo against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in burned mice and rats. It contains an important body constituent, zinc, and appears to expedite wound healing, diminish weight loss after infected burns and improve food intake. Like silver sulfadiazine, it prevents the postburn changes in plasma proteins. After topical application, the uptake of the radioactively labeled zinc is significant in the zone of injury and negligible in organs and body fluids. The binding to deoxyribonucleic acid by zinc is similar to, but less than, that by silver. The data indicate that zinc sulfadiazine may be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the control of burn wound sepsis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1975

Silver sulfadiazine for control of burn wound infections.

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene, U.S.; Flamazine, U.K.; Flammazine, N.; Sulplata, S.A.) is the newest topical antimicrobial agent available following worldwide clinical trials. Good control of infection is achieved without pain or other demonstrable side effects, using either dressings or the exposure technic. Many burned areas kept free of infection heal without grafting. Where necessary, early preparation for and good take of grafts has been attained by utilizing this new therapeutic agent. Markedly reduced mortality from burn wound sepsis has generally been observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1974

Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections.

The role of silver and sulfadiazine in the mechanism of action of silver sulfadiazine on burn wound infections was investigated. Silver, but not sulfadiazine, was bound by bacteria. Sulfadiazine did not act as an antibacterial agent in low concentrations, but exhibited specific synergism in combination with subinhibitory levels of silver sulfadiazine. The efficacy of silver sulfadiazine is thought to result from its slow and steady reactions with serum and other sodium chloride-containing body fluids, which permits the slow and sustained delivery of silver ions into the wound environs. In this circumstance, a relatively minute amount of sulfadiazine appears active.

Animals↗

PubMed1974