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Biomedical subjects

C L Galli

Publications and source records attributed to C L Galli.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lack of correlation between TPA-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblasts.

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced in Balb/c 3T3 cells an earliest prostaglandin biosynthesis and an ornithine decarboxylase activation, this time-relation being more evident if serum was added to incubation medium in low concentration (0.2%). However the two TPA-induced events can be almost totally dissociated by pharmacological means, such as indomethacin and calcium-ionophore A23187 which affected PG response to TPA, but did not influence ODC induction.

Calcimycin↗
PubMed1986

Ontogenetic studies on mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in rat brain.

The ontogenetic pattern of multiple opioid binding sites in rat brain from birth until weaning has been investigated. [3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively. The analysis of the kinetic parameters of [3H]-DHM binding shows that, at birth, mu sites possess an affinity similar to that of adult animals, and a density of 50%, which reaches 80% of the adult value at day 4. On the contrary, [3H]-DADLE binding in the first post-natal days shows low affinity and low density and delta-sites do not reach values comparable to the adult ones until the second week of life. The kinetic parameters of [3H]-DYN binding are almost undetectable during the preweanling period, due to the very low density of kappa sites at this stage of life. Displacement studies with mu-, delta- and kappa-selective ligands show that the Ki values on [3H]-DHM binding sites were similar in 4 day old and adult animals for all the tested compounds, whereas Ki values on [3H]-DADLE and [3H]-DYN binding sites reflected an immaturity of delta and kappa receptors. In conclusion, our data suggest that multiple opioid receptors follow different ontogenetic patterns. In the first stages of life only mu receptors are almost mature and possibly mediate endogenous opioid actions and exogenous opiate pharmaco-toxicological effects.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Ecotoxicological profile of xylenes. Working Party on Ecotoxicological Profiles of Chemicals.

The xylenes (o, m, p), which are produced in large amounts and widely used, must be considered as environmental contaminants, as they have been identified in the atmosphere of many countries. Their acute and chronic toxicity in mammals is moderate. Mutagenic and teratogenic properties can be excluded. Carcinogenic potential has been at present inadequately studied. In man some disturbances are evident at the concentration of 45 ppm. Hepatic metabolism is a valid process of detoxification and its high rate limits the risk of accumulation of the xylenes in adipose tissue. Ecotoxicological data refer almost exclusively to water. No long-term tests have been made. However, the high volatility, elevated elimination, and the low factor of accumulation suggest the impact on aquatic environment should be limited. Xylenes are easily biodegraded by many microorganisms. Photoxydation is one of the main degradation processes, responsible for the disappearance of the xylenes from the atmosphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of beta-casomorphins with multiple opioid receptors: in vitro and in vivo studies in the newborn rat brain.

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) are peptidic fragments of bovine beta-casein with potent opioid activity. In view of a possible physiological meaning of these milk-derived compounds, we have studied the affinity of some natural beta-CMs and some semisynthetic analogues for mu-, delta- and kappa-brain opioid receptors in newborn and adult rat. Moreover we have investigated whether a chronic treatment with the potent analogue D-Ala2-beta-CM-4-NH2 during the suckling period could affect mu and delta opioid receptor function. Our findings demonstrate that beta-CMs are mu-oriented compounds both in adult and in newborn rat brain. They display the same mu-affinity in newborn as well as in adult animals, however delta and kappa-affinities appear different, probably due to the lower degree of maturation of these two receptors in the first days of life. A prolonged treatment with D-Ala2-beta-CM-4-NH2 during the preweanling period is able to induce a delay in the ontogenetic increase of delta-receptor affinity, whereas it affects neither the affinity nor the density of mu-receptors. This effect could be related to a general action of opioids on cerebral maturative processes; moreover we point out that a beta-CMs analogue, given orally to newborn animals, can induce modifications at central level, suggesting thus the hypothesis that beta-CMs could be a biologically active peptide in the first stages of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Similar profile of urinary and faecal metabolites of 14C-carmoisine in male and pregnant female rats after oral administration.

Pregnant rats received 14C-Carmoisine (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) by gavage on days 16-19 of gestation. The animals were killed and maternal tissues, amniotic fluid, placentae, foetal membranes and foetuses were analyzed for radioactivity. No evidence for the transplacental transfer of 14C-Carmoisine or its metabolites was obtained. Male rats were given a single oral administration of 14C-Carmoisine (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) and killed at different times after dosing. In both male and female animals, more than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in faeces and urine within 64 h, and the results suggested that there was no significant absorption of the azodye and no preferential concentration of the red food colour or its metabolites in any particular tissue. Analyses by HPLC, combined with a radioactivity monitor (RAM), of urine and faeces of such animals show that five radioactive peaks were present in the radiochromatogram in addition to unmodified Carmoisine. The mean peak shows the retention time and the u.v. spectrum of authentic naphthionic acid. The results demonstrate that the pregnancy does not affect the kinetic and the metabolic profile of a single oral administration of the azodye Carmoisine given at different days of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evidence from two classic irritation tests for an anti-inflammatory action of a natural extract, Echinacina B.

The roots of Echinacea angustifolia (fam. Compositae) were used to obtain an antiphlogistic, immunostimulating and skin repairing extract. On the basis of these potential actions, the extract is used in cosmetic preparations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract using different irritation tests. The irritation reaction was induced by application of 0.015 ml of 0.25% croton oil in water to the ears of mice. The raw extract (Echinacina B), topically applied, inhibited oedema both at the maximum (6 hr) and in the decreasing phase (18 hr), and this effect was directly proportional to the doses used. Echinacina B was found to be more potent than the positive control, benzidamine, a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, the extract given iv 1 hr before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan into the hind paws of rats inhibited oedema in the histaminic and in the later phases of the phlogistic process. These data show the qualitative value of irritation tests for studying the anti-inflammatory action of a natural plant extract.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Application of a radioactivity detector to the analysis of 14C-carmoisine metabolites by ion-pair high-pressure liquid chromatography.

14C-Carmoisine was incubated under anaerobic conditions with a suspension of human faeces. Analyses of the incubation medium by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) attached to a radioactivity monitor (RAM) showed the same radioactivity profile as the urine and faeces of rats dosed with the same azodye (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi). The analyses were carried out with a 5 micron RP-C18 chromatographic column, using a linear gradient profile of different concentrations of water, methanol and an ion-pair reagent. Five radioactive peaks were present in the radiochromatogram , in addition to unmodified Carmoisine. The major peak retained half of the specific activity of Carmoisine, and exhibited the retention time and the u.v. spectrum of authentic naphthionic acid. The results demonstrate the value and the advantage of using the in vitro preparation as a model to detect and to identify the metabolites of similar synthetic azodyes used as food additives.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative analysis of alpha, beta-thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone in alcoholic beverages by selected-ion monitoring.

Interest in the quantitative analysis of flavouring agents in alcoholic beverages arises from the possible toxicological consequences deriving from their use. The method reported here, based on gas chromatography with selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry (SIM), allows the simultaneous measurement of alpha, beta-thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone at the ppb level in alcoholic beverages.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1983

Detection of 14C-carmoisine metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography.

14C-Carmoisine, a sulphonated azodye, 200 mg/kg b.w. (25 muCi), was administered to rats by gavage. Separation of radioactive compounds in faeces and urine of these animals was carried out by HPLC with a UV and a radioactivity detector. In addition to unmodified carmoisine, five radioactive compounds were present. The main peak showed both the retention time and the UV spectrum of naphtionic acid. Metabolic patterns similar to those observed "in vivo" were found by incubation of 14C-carmoisine under anaerobic conditions with a bacterial suspension isolated from human faeces and from the intestinal contents of rats. This procedure permits the preparation of amounts of unknown metabolites suitable for their identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Toxicological evaluation in rats and mice of the ingestion of a cheese made from milk with added formaldehyde.

Male Swiss albino mice (CD-1) and male Sprague-Dawley rats were given single oral doses of 0.5 g (4.0 microCi) and 2.2 g (18 microCi) 14C-labelled grana cheese, respectively. The cheese was made by the normal process but using milk with added [14C]formaldehyde. The plasma and tissue kinetics of the radiolabelled cheese were studied by monitoring the decay of radioactivity in the plasma, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, lung, testes, spleen, brain, muscle and adipose tissue. The faeces and urine of animals placed in individual metabolism cages were collected between 4 and 64 hr after dosing for rats and between 2 hr and 12 days for mice. Within 32 hr of administration 63-67% of the radioactivity had been excreted in the faeces and urine and 24-28% of the radioactivity had been exhaled as 14CO2, in both species. Maximum concentrations, corresponding to 0.07% and 0.3% of the dose per ml of blood were reached respectively within 8 hr for rats and 2 hr for mice. The toxicokinetic profile appears to be similar in mice and rats because of the similarity of the half-lives of the elimination phase, 27.8 and 26.4 hr respectively, and suggests that accumulation of the 14C-activity does not occur in any of the tissues of either species. The low levels of radioactivity still present 32 hr after the administration of 14C-grana cheese are probably due to the residues of labelled fractions of milk protein not completely metabolized.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Placental transfer and tissue localization of [14C]carmoisine in the pregnant rat.

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received [14C]Carmoisine (200 mg/kg; 25 microCi) by gavage, on days 16-19 of gestation. Animals were killed on day 19 of gestation, 2, 16, 64 h after dosing and blood, maternal tissues, amniotic fluids, placentae, fetal membranes and fetuses were analyzed for radioactivity. No evidence for the transplacental transfer of [14C]Carmoisine or its metabolites was obtained. More than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in feces and urine within 64 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The metabolic disposition of 14C-labelled carmoisine in the rat after oral and intravenous administration.

The absorption, distribution and excretion of the red azo dye carmoisine (Ext. D & C No. 10) was studied in male rats. [14C]Carmoisine was administered in a dose of 200 mg/kg (25 microCi) by gavage or in the same dose (200 mg/kg; 3 microCi) by intravenous injection, and radioactivity was measured in blood, tissue, faeces and urine at different times after dosing. After oral administration of the dye, no radioactivity was detected in the brain, adipose tissue, muscle, testes, spleen or lung, and recovery of the administered activity in faeces and urine was almost complete by 32 hr. The radioactivity profile of the blood indicated rapid but poor absorption of [14C]carmoisine, a maximum radioactivity content corresponding to 0.01% of the dose per ml of blood being reached within 10 min. The decay curve for 14C radioactivity in the blood after iv injection of [14C]carmoisine indicated rapid distribution to the tissues and could be described in terms of a two-compartment mathematical model. The highest levels of radioactivity occurred in the gastro-intestinal tract and liver after the injection but after 24 hr no radioactivity was detectable in these or other tissues. All the radioactivity was recovered in the faeces and urine in the 24 hr following iv injection, the 79% of the dose present in faeces indicating active excretion of the dye and its metabolites in the bile and poor reabsorption from the intestine. The bioavailability of [14C]carmoisine, calculated from the blood-radioactivity curves after oral and iv administration, was less than 10%.

Administration, Oral↗