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Biomedical subjects

C L Peck

Publications and source records attributed to C L Peck.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Stress inoculation for acute pain: a clinical trial.

The study attempted a clinical evaluation of the efficacy of stress inoculation training for postoperative pain control using patients undergoing coronary artery graft surgery. A treatment group receiving stress inoculation training was compared to attention-education and no-treatment control groups. No differences were found between the groups on two pain rating measures, analgesic intake, or measures of state anxiety and depression. The ineffectiveness of stress inoculation in this study may be due to the difference between experimental and clinical pain, the multiple demands of the preoperative period, possible memory difficulties which some patients may have experienced, or the possibility that the procedure is not sufficiently potent for the intensity of this type of pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Conditioned placebo responses.

Following earlier animal research, we attempt to condition placebo effects in human subjects. Four groups of 8 voluntary subjects were told that the experimenters would test a powerful new analgesic cream over three sessions by assessing its ability to reduce experimentally induced pain. The analgesic cream was, in fact, a placebo. In the first session all subjects were tested with and without the cream to assess their placebo response. In the second session, to condition two groups (with differing stimulation levels) to experience pain relief in response to the placebo, we repeatedly paired a reduction in nocioceptive stimulation with placebo administration. (Subjects were unaware that stimulation levels were manipulated). To condition the other two groups (with different stimulation levels) to experience an exacerbation of the pain, we paired an increase in nocioceptive stimulation with placebo administration. In the third session, all subjects were again tested for placebo response. Results suggested that placebo responses are conditionable in the laboratory in both a positive and negative direction. The clinical implications of a learning theory of placebo behavior are discussed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Increasing patient compliance with prescriptions.

In this review, we address the problem of patient noncompliance with taking prescribed medication. Eight methods of improving patient compliance are outlined as follows: (1) improving the physician-patient interaction, (2) fear-arousing health messages, (3) education, (4) written instructions, (5) special drug packaging, (6) tailoring, (7) self-monitoring, and (8) contingency management. Several problems associated with the use of compliance-enhancing strategies are mentioned. Finally, the Health Belief Model is suggested as a framework capable of integrating some of the research findings in this area.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Electromyographic biofeedback for pain related to muscle tension. A study of tension headache, back, and jaw pain.

We review the literature on the application of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback to tension-related headaches, back and shoulder pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and present clinical treatment data on 18 patients with tension headaches, eight patients with back and shoulder pain, and six patients with TMJ pain. Electromyographic tension levels declined in all groups of patients; pain declined significantly in 12 of 18 patients with tension headaches and one of eight back pain patients, and decreased slightly in three headache patients, three back and shoulder pain patients, and two patients with TMJ pain. Conclusions suggest that EMG biofeedback is generally more effective in treating tension headaches, but much less effective in the treatment of back, shoulder, or jaw pain, although the numbers of patients are small in the latter two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes that predict antinuclear-war activity in medical students.

The possibility of nuclear war may be the most significant threat to health in the world. Medical practitioners have played, and should continue to play, a leading role in raising awareness of this danger. In the present study, the attitudes that predict a specific antinuclear-war behaviour (that is, signing a letter to the Prime Minister of Australia to request more active political effort to prevent nuclear war) were studied in a group of 143 undergraduate medical students. Attitudes towards that particular behaviour were assessed by means of a questionnaire, and the differences in attitude between students who chose to sign and those who chose not to sign the letter were analysed statistically by means of discriminant analysis. The key differences in attitude between signers and non-signers of the letter was in their belief that such an action would achieve tangible positive outcomes. The results are discussed in terms of the need to target strategies of change for the specific attitudes which are likely to modify behaviour and to promote antinuclear behaviours in medical practitioners, which in turn may alter the behaviour of politicians.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗