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Biomedical subjects

C L Schultz

Publications and source records attributed to C L Schultz.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of computed tomography guided percutaneous biopsy of the pancreas.

The results of 96 computed tomography guided percutaneous pancreatic aspiration biopsies were reviewed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in pancreatic mass lesions. These were assessed by comparing pathology results to findings at subsequent laparotomy, autopsy or to immediate and long term clinical findings. Effects of varying the size of the biopsy needle and the number of aspirations performed were examined. Of the primary tumors of the pancreas in which adequate material was obtained, 97.3 per cent were correctly diagnosed with one false-negative and no false-positive results. The over-all sensitivity rate for primary tumor so the pancreas was 71.9 per cent using a No. 22 gauge "skinny" needle and 86.7 per cent using a No. 20 gauge needle. Over-all diagnostic accuracy for all types of lesions was 61.8 per cent using a No. 22 gauge needle and 73.3 per cent using a No. 20 gauge needle. A No. 19 gauge needle with a sheath was used on lesions with fluid or necrotic debris when a pseudocyst was a possibility. Over-all diagnostic accuracy using a No. 19 gauge sheathed needle was 81.8 per cent on all types of lesions. There was no benefit in using two passes versus a single aspiration. There were no complications, regardless of the needle size or number of passes. The serum amylase level increased in one instance after biopsy and this returned to normal a few days after biopsy. Computed tomography guided aspirations are safe and effective in evaluation of focal or diffuse enlargements of the pancreas when proper techniques and appropriate precautions are used.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava: demonstration by NMR imaging.

Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava was diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a patient with a right tracheobronchial angle mass. The characteristic findings included a dilated azygos vein and absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. Advantages of MR imaging in evaluation of anomalies of the cava are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of motion on two-dimensional Fourier transformation magnetic resonance images.

The effect of motion on two-dimensional Fourier transformation magnetic resonance (MR) images was investigated using phantoms, animals, and normal volunteers. All images were obtained with a 0.30-Tesla superconducting magnet using spin echo pulse sequences. Respiratory motion was simulated while imaging the phantoms. In addition to image blurring, motion produced ghost images, or image harmonics. These ghost images were copies of the static image that was produced at periodic intervals. Canine images, which were obtained during respiration and after the administration of curare, showed significant improvement after respiratory motion was eliminated. Images of normal volunteers were improved with respiratory and cardiac gating, but data acquisition time was significantly increased. These results indicate that MR image quality could be improved with a system that acquires all necessary data within a single breathhold .

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands: a comparison with computed tomography.

This investigation compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of normal and abnormal adrenal glands. Thirty normal volunteers were studied with MRI, and the results were compared with a retrospective review of 30 normal CT examinations. CT identified both adrenal glands in all 30 patients. MRI identified both glands in 29 of 30 volunteers. There were no statistically significant differences between the two imaging techniques using chi-square analysis. Twenty-one patients with abnormal adrenal gland(s) detected with CT were also studied with MRI. The abnormalities studied included bilateral hyperplasia (three patients), adenoma (two), myelolipoma (one), adrenal metastases (six), adrenal hemorrhage (two), and neuroblastoma (seven). MRI detected the abnormal adrenal gland(s) in 20 of 21 patients. MRI was unable to detect calcifications in the lesions studied but more clearly showed the relations of adrenal masses to the major vascular structures. MRI demonstrated corticomedullary differentiation in patients with adrenal hyperplasia and in some normal volunteers. The CT and MRI features of the adrenal lesions are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Moral judgment maturity of process and reactive schizophrenics.

Premorbid adjustment, paranoid symptomatology, and role orientation were examined as major predictors of moral judgment maturity in 40 male schizophrenics. In addition, control predictors included age, intelligence (block design and vocabulary), length of hospitalization, length of illness, social position (education and occupation), and severity of illness. A multiple regression equation of premorbid adjustment, block design and vocabulary combined, and education was the best predictor of moral judgment maturity. These results suggest the importance of cognitive and social skills in the development of moral judgment maturity in schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Defense mechanisms in reactive and process schizophrenics.

Divided schizophrenics into reactive and process groups (20 males and 20 females in each group) on the basis of three criteria: Premorbid adjustment, role orientation, and paranoid-nonparanoid status. All were administered the Defense Mechanism Inventory, which measures five clusters of defenses. Reactives had significantly higher scores than process patients on Turning against Self and Projection. Process patients had significantly higher scores on Reversal. No significant differences between groups were found on Turning against Object and Principalization, nor were there significant sex differences. The results support the probability of different defensive preferences for the reactive and process syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of process-reactive measures in schizophrenia.

Studied 12 measures of process-reactive schizophrenia to determine their relative effectiveness in predicting outcome defined as symptomatic improvement. Each patient (N = 144) was rated on the process-reactive measures and at 3- and 6-month intervals on the Present State Examination to evaluate symptom change. Major findings were that the Ego-Strength, Stage of Illness, Kanto, Langfeldt, paranoid and chronicity criteria failed to predict outcome successfully. The first four criteria do not appear to be suitable process-reactive measures when the distinction is based on symptom change. However, paranoid-nonparanoid and chronic-acute criteria merit further investigation. The Ullmann-Giovannoni, Social Competence, Phillips scales, and marital status predicted outcome accurately at both 3- and 6-month evaluations. The Philips scale was the single best predictor of outcome at 3 months, while marital status was the best at 6 months. Overall, the Phillips scale was the most powerful and useful predictor of outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of the community psychology and medical models: teaching attitudes toward deviance to high school students.

There is increased recognition of the importance of early intervention as part of a comprehensive system of community psychology. Moreover, emphasis on intervention at the system level is recommended to maximize effectiveness. However, in designing early intervention system-related programs, the content of the intervention is a critical, though often ignored, feature. This study compared a traditional medical model content with a community psychology-oriented content in teaching attitudes toward deviance to high school students. Results indicated that the significant changes in attitudes differed markedly between groups exposed to the divergent explanatory models, and that, in general, the community psychology model produced more favorable outcomes.

Adolescent↗