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Biomedical subjects

C Löser

Publications and source records attributed to C Löser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Pancreas.

The two major forms of inflammatory pancreatic diseases, acute and chronic pancreatitis, require different approaches in nutritional management, which are presented in the present guideline. This clinical practice guideline gives evidence-based recommendations for the use of ONS and TF in these patients. It was developed by an interdisciplinary expert group in accordance with officially accepted standards and is based on all relevant publications since 1985. The guideline was discussed and accepted in a consensus conference. In mild acute pancreatitis enteral nutrition (EN) has no positive impact on the course of disease and is only recommended in patients who cannot consume normal food after 5-7 days. In severe necrotising pancreatitis EN is indicated and should be supplemented by parenteral nutrition if needed. In the majority of patients continuous TF with peptide-based formulae is possible. The jejunal route is recommended if gastric feeding is not tolerated. In chronic pancreatitis more than 80% of patients can be treated adequately with normal food supplemented by pancreatic enzymes. 10-15% of all patients require nutritional supplements, and in approximately 5% tube feeding is indicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Biomagnetic separation of Escherichia coli by use of anion-exchange beads: measurement and modeling of the kinetics of cell-bead interactions.

Analyses of food-borne pathogens are of great importance in order to minimize the risk of infection for customers. These analyses should be as fast as possible. Any detection method requires enrichment and quantitative analysis of the enriched microbes. Conventional enrichment methods, which take several days, need to be replaced by faster techniques such as biomagnetic separation (BMS). This technique involves the use of paramagnetic microspheres coated with ligands that have special affinity to the microbes that have to be detected. In the studies reported here, enrichment experiments by BMS were carried out using the non-pathogenic E. coli DSM 498 as a model strain and beads coated with a polyethylenimine (PEI) anion-exchange material. The results show that the number of cells separated, as a proportion of the total, was positively correlated with the bead concentration and the length of the period they were mixed together. In addition, a mathematical model, based on the rate of impact between two different sorts of particles, was developed to describe the proportion of separated cells as a function of incubation time and the concentration, size and density of the beads and cells. This is the first mathematical description of cell-bead interactions to be based on well-understood physicochemical principles. The model was confirmed by separation experiments in which the concentration of beads and the incubation period were varied. The developed model enables optimization of the amount of beads added and the reaction period necessary for complete cell separation and thus minimization of costs in BMS.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2004

Bioremediation process for sediments contaminated by heavy metals: feasibility study on a pilot scale.

The core stages of a sediment remediation process--the conditioning of dredged sludge by plants and the solid-bed leaching of heavy metals using microbially produced sulfuric acid--were tested on a pilot scale using a highly polluted river sediment. Conditioning was performed in 50 m3 basins at sludge depths of 1.8 m. During one vegetation period the anoxic sludge turned into a soil-like oxic material and became very permeable to water. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) was found to be best suited for conditioning. Bioleaching was carried out in an aerated solid-bed reactor of 2000 L working volume using oxic soil-like sediment supplemented with 2% sulfur. When applying conditioned sediment, the oxidation of easily degradable organic matter by heterotrophic microbes increased the temperature up to 50 degrees C in the early leaching phase, which in turn temporarily inhibited the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Nevertheless, most of the metal contaminants were leached within 21 days. Zn, Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni were removed by 61-81%, Cu was reduced by 21%, while Cr and Pb were nearly immobile. A cost-effectiveness assessment of the remediation process indicates it to be a suitable treatment for restoring polluted sediments for beneficial use.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2004

Aerodynamic performance of a low-speed wind tunnel.

The determination of the odour mass flow emitted from a source is a very important step and forms the basis for all subsequent considerations and calculations. Wastewater treatment plants, as well as waste treatment facilities, consist of different kinds of odour sources. Unfortunately, most of the sources are passive sources, where no outward air flow-rate can be measured, but where odorants are obviously emitted. Thus, a type of sampling is required that allows to measure the emitted odour flow-rate (OFR). To achieve this, different methods are in use worldwide. Besides indirect methods, such as micrometeorological atmospheric dispersion models, which have not been used in Germany (in other countries due to different problems, direct methods are also used). Direct measurements include hood methods, commonly divided into static flux chambers, dynamic flux chambers and wind tunnels. The wind tunnel that we have been operating in principle since 1983 is different from all subsequent presented wind tunnels, in that we operate it at a considerably lower wind speed than the others. To describe the behaviour of this wind tunnel, measurement of the flow pattern in this low-speed tunnel are under way, and some initial results are presented here.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

[The tick stings! Observations on a misnomer]].

Dermatology enjoys a unique distinction of visualizing its subject matter and should attain complete unity between a dermatologic term and the clinical concept therewith expressed. Clear and definite terminology seems indispensable. Unfortunately wrong designations sanctioned by daily use are incorporated in official nomenclature. How parasitology tells us that a tick stings and that a "tick bite" is a misnomer is detailed in this article.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of insulin-like growth factor I on growth and polyamine metabolism in various organs in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is known to be the mediator of growth hormone dependent proliferation and is responsible for growth-promoting effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Polyamines play an essential role in cell growth and differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the growth-promoting potency of IGF-I in various organ systems simultaneously in rats and the potential role of the polyamine metabolism during IGF-I-induced gastrointestinal growth. METHODS: Based on results of initial dose-response studies, male Wistar rats (150 g) were either treated by subcutaneous injections with (1) IGF-I (1 x 1,000 microg/kg/24 h); (2) IGF-I plus alpha-difluoromethylornithine (3 x 300 mg i.p./kg/24 h plus 2% in drinking water), a specific inhibitor of intracellular polyamine de novo synthesis, or (3) saline (controls). 9-10 animals per group were sacrificed after 5 days of treatment. RESULTS: IGF-I caused a significant (p < 0.005) increase in the weight of small intestine and spleen due to hyperplasia in the small intestine and hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the spleen, while no trophic effects could be observed in stomach or pancreas. The amylase concentration in the pancreas was increased. Simultaneously administered alpha-difluoromethylornithine significantly (p < 0.005) abolished the IGF-I-induced trophic effects in small intestine and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal different trophic effects of IGF-I in various organ systems: while significant growth stimulation was found in small intestine and spleen, no proliferation was seen in pancreas and stomach. Polyamines obviously play an important role in IGF-I-mediated gastrointestinal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[When can you recommend one or two glasses of wine? A little alcohol can increase longevity, but a reliable dosage limit is not available].

The complex damage to health caused by chronic alcohol consumption is evident, and has major consequences both for the individual and society. Besides this relevant health impairment through excessive alcohol use, however, regular moderate use of alcohol has been shown to have various health benefits. In a number of large clinical studies it has been shown that regular moderate consumption of alcohol has a positive influence on overall mortality and can significantly reduce both the primary and secondary incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease. This cardioprotective effect is due primarily to the alcohol itself, since no preferential effect of a particular type of alcoholic beverage has been shown to date. Although a cardioprotective and life-prolonging effect has been shown to be associated with regular moderate use of alcohol, a global recommendation in favor of regular moderate drinking is nevertheless not justifiable at present, because of the well-known considerable risks and potential health hazard associated with drinking.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Polyamines in human and animal milk.

Polyamines are highly regulated polycations which are essentially involved in cell growth and differentiation. Polyamines in food significantly contribute to the polyamine body pool. Dietary polyamines exert various direct and indirect trophic effects on the rat's immature intestine and play an important role during intestinal maturation. Human milk and that of other mammalians contain relatively high levels of polyamines which are essential luminal growth and maturation factors. The polyamines spermidine and spermine as well as their diamine precursor putrescine are ubiquitous normal constituents of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are essentially involved in various processes of cell growth and differentiation (Pegg & McCann, 1982; Tabor & Tabor, 1984; Seiler, 1990).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Feeding of patients with ENT diseases using an enteral tube system (PEG/PEJ tubes). A review].

In patients with benign or malignant diseases of the larynx/pharynx causing inadequate oral food intake, maintenance of individual adequate enteral nutrition is a major medical goal. This is particularly important in patients with malignant ENT tumours, where therapeutical measures as radiation or chemotherapy result in further deterioration of nutritional status and consecutively of quality of life and tolerance of therapy. Due to its safe and technically simple route of placement, the PEG has become the preferred enteral route of choice for enteral long-term nutrition world-wide. The technical success rate is > 99% with a procedure-related lethality rate of about 0%. Prospective clinical studies prove the excellent individual subjective acceptance of this method by patients. Indications, contraindications, complications, technical procedures and clinical aspects of PEG placement are described in detail in the present review. Long-term enteral feeding via PEG is accepted as a safe, effective, easy to practise and highly acceptable method with excellent long-term results and thus distinct improvement of nutritional status. Individual decision for PEG placement should be considered much earlier and more frequently in appropriate patients to save and further improve clinical and nutritional status and consecutively quality of life.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed2000

Severe complications caused by dissolution of latex with consequent self-disintegration of esophageal plastic tubes.

A case of decisive material degeneration of an esophageal Celestin tube is described: a 50-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus received a Celestin tube for palliative endoscopic treatment and 8 months later presented with suddenly occurring complete dysphagia. Dissolution of the latex layer in the proximal as well as the distal part of the tube had caused self-disintegration of the Celestin tube and had liberated the monofilament nylon coil which completely obstructed the lumen of the tube. Endoscopic tube removal was only possible by careful attachment of a balloon catheter and peroral extraction after insufflation with contrast medium up to 5 atm. A Medline-based review of the literature revealed different but predominantly severe complications (perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction, and peritonitis) based on material fatigue of the latex layer in esophageal Celestin tubes. At least 6 months after placement of a Celestin tube, regular fluoroscopic controls should be performed to detect early disintegration of the tube. Indication for the placement of Celestin tubes in patients with benign esophageal strictures and longer life expectancy should be assessed very critically.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

Clinical aspects of long-term enteral nutrition via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).

Adequate enteral nutrition is a major medical goal in patients with inadequate oral food intake caused by various underlying diseases of benign and malignant origin. Due to its safe and technically simple route of placement the PEG has become the preferred enteral route of choice for enteral long-term nutrition world-wide. The incidence of PEG placement is still rapidly increasing. Based on the results of recently published large clinical studies the technical success rate is >99 % with a procedure-related lethal rate of about 0 %. Prospective clinical studies clearly prove the excellent individual subjective acceptance of this method by the patients. Indications, contra-indications, complications and technical procedures of PEG placement are described in detail in the present review. In general, long-term enteral feeding via PEG is accepted as a safe, effective, easy to practice and highly acceptable method with excellent long-term results and distinct improvement of nutritional status. Individual decisions for PEG placement should be considered much earlier and more frequently in appropriate patients to save and further improve quality of life in patients with inadequate oral food intake caused by various benign and malignant diseases.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1999

Bioavailability of hydrocarbons during microbial remediation of a sandy soil.

The microbial degradation of hydrocarbons was studied in an artificially contaminated sandy soil, using a pilot-scale percolator system. After a short lag period, an intensive degradation occurred, which diminished in time and completely stopped in the end, despite large residual contaminations (residues of 56% diesel fuel, 20% n-hexadecane and 3.5% phenanthrene at the initial loadings of each 3000 mg/kg). The remaining pollutant content was influenced by the kind of hydrocarbon but was nearly independent of its initial loading. According to a model-aided analysis of the carbon dioxide production during remediation, the observed stagnation of degradation was caused by a limited bioavailability of the pollutants. The degradation in the soil-free aqueous phase was more extensive than in the soil, which suggests that the limited bioavailability in the soil can be attributed mainly to matrix-dependent rather than substrate-dependent influences. Generally, fine particles and organic matter are mainly responsible for the adsorption of pollutants to the soil matrix. Our sandy soil also bound hydrocarbons adsorptively although it contained neither silty material nor significant amounts of organic matter. As shown by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis, the soil particles were covered by micropores, which enlarged the soil surface by a factor of 120 in comparison with the macroscopic surface area. The microporosity is the reason for the hydrocarbons being more strongly adsorbed to the sandy soil than expected.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗