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C Lafaix

Publications and source records attributed to C Lafaix.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Single-dose amoxycillin-clavulanic acid vs. cefotetan for prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery: a multicentre, prospective, randomized study. The PRODIGE Group.

A prospective, multicentre, randomized trial was carried out in 19 hospitals in order to compare the efficacy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid with cefotetan as antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Since the main purpose of the study was to demonstrate equivalence between the two regimens, the protocol planned the inclusion of 200 patients. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (2.2 g) or cefotetan (2 g) in a single infusion on the induction of anaesthesia. Failure of prophylaxis was defined as occurrence of infection of intestinal origin, either minor (wound cellulitis) or major (abscess, peritonitis, septicaemia) within the 30-day postoperative period. Among 221 randomized patients, 208 (105 amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 103 cefotetan) aged 66 +/- 12 years (mean +/- SD) were evaluated while 13 were withdrawn. Colorectal cancer was the indication for surgery in 73% of cases. Eleven (10 +/- 6%, 95% confidence interval) and 13 (13 +/- 7%) failures were observed in the amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and cefotetan groups (P = 0.63 chi-square test) respectively. Most infections occurred before the 10th postoperative day (8% failures at this time, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method). The results of the trial demonstrate that amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and cefotetan have similar efficacy when used for prophylaxis of infection after elective colorectal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Seven years of recurrent severe strongyloidiasis in an HTLV-I-infected man who developed adult T-cell leukaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin and Africa, where it has been aetiologically linked to certain chronic myelopathies and adult T-cell leukamia (ATL). We sought to investigate whether strongyloidiasis, a parasitic disease common in these areas, might be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of ATL, as some reports have suggested. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: One 35-year-old HTLV-I-seropositive French West Indian man with a 7-year history of recurrent strongyloidiasis associated with episodic hyperinfestation presenting at the Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Villeneuve St Georges, France. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents and symptomatic therapy for hypercalcaemia and antiviral therapy (zidovudine and interferon). RESULTS: The patient developed ATL and died shortly after, despite chemotherapy. Immunological and virological studies performed during the last 15 months of his life showed an increase of the percentage of peripheral ATL cells, and progression from a polyclonal to a monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear and lymph-node cells. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent strongyloidiasis appears to have been a possible cofactor associated with progression from healthy carrier state to ATL in our patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiology of infective endophthalmitis in France. The French Collaborative Study Group on Endophthalmitis.

Data from retrospective studies of endophthalmitis vary widely with respect to incidence and to the pathogens implicated. To see whether we could provide more accurate data, we have done a prospective multicentre national survey of endophthalmitis over one year in France. Records of 36,241 operations and 1148 cases of ocular trauma from 64 centres specialising in eye surgery were analysed. There were 167 cases of endophthalmitis; incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.31 per 100 operations, and the risk after penetrating ocular trauma was 2.8%. In contrast with most previous studies, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated organism, with gram-negative organisms accounting for only a small proportion of cases. Patients infected with streptococci had the least favourable outcome. The survey confirms data from retrospective studies showing that the incidence of postoperative or post-injury endophthalmitis is low. The low frequency means that large numbers of patients would be required for a trial of antibiotic efficacy, but such a trial is worthwhile because there are now antibiotics with good ocular bioavailability that are effective against most of the bacteria that cause endophthalmitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Fluconazole. Review and situation among antifungal drugs in the treatment of opportunistic mycoses of human immuno-deficiency virus infections.

Fluconazole is a novel triazole antifungal drug chiefly used in the treatment of opportunistic mycoses in immuno-compromised patients, particularly those with the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In comparison with other antifungal drugs, fluconazole has outstanding physical and pharmacokinetic properties, such as an excellent aqueous solubility allowing a parenteral formulation, high bioavailability by the oral route, even distribution throughout the tissues, including the central nervous system and the cerebro-spinal fluid, a long half-life (permitting once daily administration), and low binding to plasma proteins. It is excreted mainly as unchanged drug in the urine. Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, especially effective against Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Its antifungal efficacy was mainly proved by testing in animal models, since there is no relationship between in vitro and in vivo activities. It possesses a low toxicity and it is well-tolerated. Fluconazole is currently marketed for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in immuno-compromised patients and of atrophic oral candidiasis. Its place in the treatment of opportunistic mycoses in human immuno-deficiency virus-positive patients, in particular cryptococcal meningitis, is still under investigation but is promising.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Diffusion of pefloxacin in the aqueous humor and crystalline lens after repeated oral administration in man].

The intraocular penetration of pefloxacin was evaluated in 38 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction. Patients were treated for three days with 400 mg of pefloxacin every twelve hours (the first dose being 800 mg). The mean maximum concentration of pefloxacin reached six hours after the last dose in the aqueous humor was 7.69 +/- 3.50 mg/l and reached twelve hours after the last dose in the lens was 4.59 +/- 3.15 micrograms/g. Antibiotic levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Several doses until plasma steady state were effective in obtaining a higher level than a single dose of 400 mg. The ratio between aqueous humor and serum concentrations ranged between 0.50 and 0.89 (mean 68%). These concentrations in aqueous humor were higher than the MIC90 of pefloxacin for most bacterial pathogens involved in endophthalmitis 24 hours after the last dose.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Arthritis associated with Strongyloides stercoralis.

A case of reactive arthritis combined with uveitis associated with a longstanding and heavy infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis is reported in a 32-year-old HTLV-1 positive West Indian man. Stool examination revealed numerous adult worms and larvae. Treatment with thiabendazole and ivermectin resulted in prompt improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Thoracic actinomycosis. Report of 8 cases].

We report 8 cases of thoracic actinomycosis, a disease which is now uncommon owing to the widespread use of antibiotics and which is caused by anaerobic filamentous bacteria living as saprophytes in natural cavities. Recent pathogenetic data, such as propagation by continuity or blood stream, as well as bacteriological and clinical data (mediastino-pulmonary, pleural, parietal, cardiac and disseminated lesions) are reviewed. Diagnostic problems are due to the difficulties encountered in trying to isolate the saprophytic organism, and pathological examination is often required for the diagnosis. Treatment is basically medical and consists of penicillin G or A administered for prolonged periods. Nitroimidazoles are ineffective against these anaerobic bacteria.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

[Pefloxacin and cat-scratch disease].

Three patients with cat scratch diseases were treated with pefloxacin (800 mg p.d.). Three of four criteria of the diagnosis were present. The pathogen of the disease is probably an intracellular Gram negative bacilli with a deficient wall. Improvement was obtained in one case and partial response in two other cases.

Adolescent↗