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Biomedical subjects

C Lançon

Publications and source records attributed to C Lançon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Sexual behaviour in schizophrenic patients: the impact of antipsychotics].

In spite of the frequency of sexual dysfunction in schizophrenic patients and antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients, few studies have been performed. The relationship of schizophrenia to sexual pathology is variable and complex, and of course different between men and women. Few evaluation methods have been proposed or validated. Antipsychotics may improve some aspects of sexual behaviour in schizophrenic patients. However, sexual dysfunction is also a possible side effect of these drugs. The evaluation of antipsychotics is often restricted to prolactin measurement, the relationship with sexual disorders of which has not been fully established. Preliminary data suggest that the capacity to induce sexual disorders differs from one antipsychotic to another. The available data on the mechanisms of sexual dysfunction, the pharmacological profile and the sexual effects of classical neuroleptics (haloperidol and thioridazine) and second generation antipsychotics available in France (amisulpride, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine) are reviewed.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2004

[The profile of drug addicts attending the Sainte Marguerite University Hospital in Marseille analysis of the active file from 1996 to 2001].

OBJECTIVES: Present the evolution in the characteristics of drug addicts treated in the Addictions-Sud centre (Marseille) between 1996 and 2001, and compare the profile of patients according to the substitution therapy prescribed. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of the data collected from the inclusion questionnaire of patients seen during a hospital consultation in the centre and registered in a substitution program (n = 585 patients). RESULTS: In our active file, the use of heroin and injections has decreased since 1996, whereas the consumption of cocaine and above all amphetamines and LSD has greatly increased. When treated, 60% of the patients were administered methadone and 40% BHD. (The patients included in the methadone program (n = 348) were considerably older and frequently HIV or hepatitis C-infected than those treated with BHD (n = 229)). The proportion of patients who had previously undertaken withdrawal or substitution measures, and who continued to inject drugs, was greater in the group of patients in the methadone program. The presence of depression, psychotic disorders and anxiety was noted respectively in 46, 30 and 24% of the patients treated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Today, it is crucial that information on the treatment of drug addicts should be reinforced, so as to measure the progression of the problems encountered, specify the indications of the two substitution products currently prescribed and understand the impact they have on the psychiatric disorders and viral pathologies frequently noted in drug addicts.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Development and validation of a patient-based health-related quality of life questionnaire in schizophrenia: the S-QoL.

We developed a self-administered instrument to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) among people with schizophrenia. The S-QoL, based on Calman's approach to the subject's point of view, is a multidimensional instrument that is sensitive to change. The scale is a 41-item questionnaire with eight subscales (psychological well-being, self-esteem, family relationships, relationships with friends, resilience, physical well-being, autonomy and sentimental life) and a total score. In-depth interviews with patients determined the pertinent issues for item development. The validation study, performed with 207 patients, showed high internal consistency reliability, reproducibility and responsiveness. Construct validity was confirmed using established clinical and HRQL measures. S-QoL covers domains that differ from areas tapped in other measures, with greater responsiveness. The S-QoL is an efficient instrument for the measurement of the impact of schizophrenia on individuals' lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Depression and subjective quality of life in chronic phase schizophrenic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of depression on subjective quality of life in schizophrenic patients. METHOD: Sixty-seven schizophrenic patients in a stabilized phase were included. Schizophrenic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). The subjective quality of life was evaluated using the short version of the Lehman quality of life scale (QoLI). Depression was evaluated using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and extrapyramidal effects with the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). RESULTS: The PANSS total score, PANSS general psychopathology subscore, PANSS depression factor, the total CDSS and some ESRS scores were negatively correlated with the overall life satisfaction score. The CDSS score was negatively correlated with all except one QoLI score. QoLI scores were significantly lower in depressed patients, and this result remained consistent for four QoLi dimensions when adjusted on ESRS and PANSS scores. When analysing the association between high depression scores and high parkinsonism scores with reduced quality of life, multivariate analysis showed that depression was the main explanatory factor: the CDSS total score explained 22% of the variance of the overall subjective quality of life score. The patient questionnaire at the ESRS explained 10.5% of the variance of the 'mental and physical health' QoLI score. CONCLUSION: In schizophrenic patients, depressive symptoms should be focused because of their strong association to overall subjective quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of zuclopenthixol compared with haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Zuclopenthixol and haloperidol are antipsychotic medications displaying different galenic forms, while risperidone is available on the market only in tablet form. The depot form presents advantages; the duration of action allows 3-4 weeks between administrations. A meta-analysis showed that zuclopenthixol patients had a higher response rate than haloperidol. A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the three antipsychotics in schizophrenia over a 5-year period. Model parameter estimates were based on a meta-analysis and literature. The viewpoint was that of the French National Health Insurance. When compared to haloperidol and risperidone, zuclopenthixol patients had additional 4 and 7 months without relapse correspondingly over a 5-year period. The estimated 5-year medical cost associated with zuclopenthixol was 800 and 1100 euros less than haloperidol and risperidone, respectively, per patient. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust to changes in key variables. The model indicates that the zuclopenthixol treatment strategy dominates haloperidol and risperidone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Relationships between depression and psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia during an acute episode and stable period.

The aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between depression and psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia over the course of illness. Sixty-eight patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled, 27 in an acute episode, 41 when stable. Assessments were performed using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) for depression and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychotic symptoms. When considering patients in an acute episode (52% depressed), the CDSS score was correlated only with the PANSS positive sub-scale score. For patients in the stable period (38% depressed), the CDSS score was correlated with positive as well as negative and general psychopathology sub-scale scores. Hence, the relationship between depression and other symptoms of schizophrenia appear to differ during different stages of illness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

From "logographic" to normal reading: the case of a deaf beginning reader.

Visual word recognition of a profoundly deaf girl (AH) with developmental reading disorders was explored using an experimental technique that measures performance as a function of eye fixation within a word. AH's fixation-dependent word recognition profile revealed that she was inferring the identity of words using a "logographic" reading strategy (i. e., using salient visual features). Following this observation a special training program that enhances the understanding of grapheme-phoneme relations was applied. After few months of training, AH's reading skills improved, while her fixation-dependent performance changed to become like that of normal readers. We discuss the impact of our technique for the early diagnosis of reading impairments.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Stability of the five-factor structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

The main objective of the study was to verify the stability of the five-factor (negative. positive, excitation, depression and cognitive) structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the forced five-factor structure of the PANSS were explored in two different populations of schizophrenic patients: one in relapse and the other in the chronic phase of the disease. Three hundred and forty-two schizophrenic patients according to DSM-III-R criteria were involved. One hundred and eighteen (34.5%) patients were in relapse, and 224 (65.5%) were in the chronic phase. The forced five-factor principal-component analysis explained 64.3% of the total variance in the relapse patients and 62.1% in the chronic patients. The order of the factors was reversed for the depression and excitation factors in chronic patients compared with patients in relapse. The internal consistency of this five-factor structure was good (Cronbach's alpha >0.70) in the relapse and chronic patients, except for the cognitive factor. In conclusion. five dimensions (negative, positive, excitation, depression and cognition) are necessary to account for the various clinical aspects of schizophrenia described by PANSS in relapse and chronic schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Study of the concurrent validity of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenics (CDSS).

The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the French language version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenics (CDSS). Ninety-five schizophrenic patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria were enrolled in the study. The depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenics (CDSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery and Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS), and Widlocher Psychomotor Retardation Scale (ERD). The psychotic symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the extrapyramidal symptoms with the Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale (ESRS). The CDDS was significantly correlated with all the conventional depression-rating scales. We only found significant positive correlations between the CDSS and the PANSS-positive sub-scale. The CDSS total score was significantly correlated with some PANSS-positive items (delusions and hallucinatory behaviour). No significant correlation between the depression-rating scales and the PANSS-negative sub-scale was observed. For all the depression-rating scales, no correlation with the extrapyramidal symptom was evidenced. The results confirmed the validity of the CDSS in the evaluation of depression in schizophrenia. The relationship between depression and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of depression in schizophrenia: psychometric properties of a French version of the Calgary Depression Scale.

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties (especially validity and reliability) of the French language version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) in schizophrenic patients. Ninety-five subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled. The studies of the internal structural validity and of the reliability (internal consistency) showed that some items from the CDSS (early awakening and guilty ideas of reference) must be discussed in the constitution of this scale. The total score of the CDSS was significantly correlated with the MADRS total score, the HDRS total score, and the depression item (G6) on the PANSS, which suggests that the CDSS is a valid instrument for the assessment of depression in schizophrenia. The existence of a significant correlation between the CDSS total score and the PANSS positive sub-scale suggests a possible relationship between positive and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Validity and reliability of the French-language version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French-language version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). METHOD: The validity and reliability of the PANSS were studied in a population of 342 patients diagnosed as schizophrenic according to DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: The study of the internal consistency and principal-component analysis of the initial structure with three subscales (positive, negative and general psychopathology) led us to investigate other factorial structures. We isolated a 5-factor structure (negative, positive, hostility, disorganization and anxiety/depression) explaining 57.5% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the 5 factors isolated was good (0.87 for the negative factor, 0.82 for the positive factor, 0.78 for the hostility factor, 0.71 for the disorganization factor and 0.68 for the anxiety/depression factor, respectively). The validity study on the external criteria confirmed the relationship between the negative and anxiety/depression factors and the extrapyramidal symptoms. CONCLUSION: The stability of the PANSS factorial warrants discussion.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Development and validation of a quality of life measurement for chronic skin disorders in french: VQ-Dermato. The RéseaudEpidémiolo gie en Dermatologie.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) assessment is crucial to assess the severity of dermatological diseases. PURPOSE: To construct and validate the first dermatology-specific instrument in French. METHODS: Items were generated from the interview of patients. The final self-administered questionnaire, the VQ-Dermato, included 28 questions. Validity in terms of content and construct, reliability in terms of reproducibility and internal consistency, responsiveness and acceptability were tested in a population of 231 patients with 12 categories of chronic skin disorders, who were recruited and followed in hospital and private practice in France. RESULTS: Item analysis revealed that discrimination indices were high. After factor analysis, 7 dimensions were retained, which accounted for 72% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged between 0. 67 and 0.88. A strong correlation was found between dimensions of the VQ-Dermato and the corresponding dimensions of the SF36. Scores were significantly different in each category of chronic skin disease and significantly higher when there was a function restriction or when the lesions were visible to others. The scale was proven to be stable by test-retest correlation. The VQ-Dermato was more responsive to clinical improvement after a 1- or 2-month treatment than the SF36. The percentage of missing responses was under 10 and the time for completing the questionnaire always under 13 min. CONCLUSION: The VQ-Dermato is the first valid and reliable dermatology-specific QoL instrument in French, and the first based on the concept of 'chronic skin disorders'. It is acceptable for routine use and has a better responsiveness than a general health instrument.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An exploration of the psychometric properties of the French version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

The psychometric properties of the French version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were studied in a population of 85 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria. The results of the study of the properties (internal consistency and principal-component analysis) of the initial structure with 3 scales (positive, negative, and general psychopathology) led us to investigate other factorial structures. We thus isolated a 5-factor structure (negative, hostility, positive, disorganization, and anxiety), explaining 54.7% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the 5 factors isolated was good (0.79, negative factor; 0.71, hostility factor; 0.77, positive factor; 0.66, disorganization factor; and 0.61, anxiety factor). The 3-subscale structure of the PANSS is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia: a study of the validity of a French-language version in a population of schizophrenic patients.

The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) is a nine-item structured interview scale developed by Addington et al. to assess depression in schizophrenics. This paper describes the testing of the reliability and validity of the French version of the CDSS in a population of 70 schizophrenic patients. The validity of the CDSS as a measure of depression was confirmed; a single factor accounted for 41% of the variance of the nine items. The total score on the CDSS was strongly correlated with those on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and also the G6 item (depression) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation with the Psychomotor Retardation Scale (ERD) total score was much less significant and was better with the 'subjective' subscore. The internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. A high level of inter-rater reliability was observed (weighted kappa values were >0.75 in all cases). The CDSS has a lower stability over time than other depression scales. It is a simple, quick and reliable scale for assessing depression in schizophrenic populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): a forced five-dimensional factor analysis.

We conducted a study on 205 schizophrenic patients in order to explore the factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We first documented the validity and reliability of the five-dimensional structure of the PANSS, initially derived from the work of Kay and Sevy and completed by Lindenmayer et al. Some items (stereotyped thinking, mannerisms and posturing, poor attention, lack of judgement, disturbance of volition, and preoccupation) appeared to contribute little to the constitution of the dimensions initially described by Kay and Sevy. Those items were not taken into account in the forced five-dimensional factor analysis. We therefore investigated further the psychometric properties of the PANSS using only the retained items. The validity and reliability of this new five-dimensional structure are discussed.

Adolescent↗