PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Laverdant

Publications and source records attributed to C Laverdant.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Effect of enprostil on the healing and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer. Comparison with ranitidine].

Enprostil, a synthetic prostaglandin E2, has been shown to exert both antisecretory and mucoprotective activity. It is effective in duodenal ulcer healing. OBJECTIVE--This study was performed to compare the frequency and the delay of spontaneous duodenal ulcer relapse during a two-year follow up period after initial healing by enprostil (35 micrograms, twice a day) or ranitidine (300 mg per day). METHODS--This multicentric, double-blind, randomized study included 642 patients (324 in the enprostil group and 318 in the ranitidine group). Patients included in the follow up period were evaluated by an endoscopy at 6 months, one and two years after healing. RESULTS--After a 6 weeks treatment period, healing rate was 85% for ranitidine and 70% for enprostil, respectively (P < 0.001). Adverse effects, especially digestive ones, occurred more often with enprostil than with ranitidine (P < 0.001). After initial healing, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups concerning the cumulative rate of relapse, despite a non significant trend for a milder rate of relapse in the enprostil group (P = 0.08). Twenty-seven % of the patients randomized to treatment (intend-to-treat analysis) in the enprostil group and 29% in the ranitidine group had no ulcer recurrence 6 months after ulcer healing, and respectively 12% and 13% at 2 years (difference not statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS--It is concluded that a) ranitidine is more effective and has less adverse effects than enprostil for duodenal ulcer healing, b) after duodenal ulcer healing by enprostil, there is a non significant trend for a lower rate of relapse than after healing with ranitidine, c) there is the same proportion of patients without ulcer in the 2 groups after 6 months and 2 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Variations of plasma gastrin (basal and postprandial) in ththtreatmentof duodenal ulcer with either enprostil or ranitidine. Correlations with rates of relapse].

Enprostil, a synthetic E2-prostaglandin efficacious for duodenal ulcer healing, presents both antisecretory and antigastrinic effects. This is at variance with the elevation of plasma gastrin observed with ranitidine. OBJECTIVE--This leads us to compare enprostil and ranitidine on the following points: a) variations of plasma gastrin (basal and postprandial) parameters over a 6-week conventional treatment; b) correlation studies between ulcer relapses (frequency and temporal evolution) after treatment discontinuation and various gastrinic criteria. METHODS--Among a group of 642 patients followed for ulcer relapse, 165 were considered for gastrin (78 of the "Enprostil" group and 87 of the "Ranitidine" group). RESULTS--Initially, both populations were comparable for clinical and plasma gastrin parameters. After 6 weeks of treatment, the increases in the various gastrin parameters (basal, postprandial, peak, integraded) were significantly greater and the absolute values higher (Wilcoxon, P < 0.001) with ranitidine than with enprostil. No correlation was found between relapse occurrence after drug discontinuation and these gastrin parameters. CONCLUSIONS--Ranitidine hypergastrinemia seems directly related to gastric hyposecretion whereas its absence with enprostil is likely more dependent upon a specific antigastrinic activity than on a reduced antisecretory activity. Those differences in mechanism of action have no consequence on the stability of ulcer obtained by either drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Acute form of primary bilharziasis].

Acute schistosomiasis is observed in subjects with primary infestation, Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum being the responsible parasites in the vast majority of cases. The disease occurs between 2 weeks and 6 months from the first infesting bath and presents as fever with cutaneous, pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations. Eosinophilia is frequent. The diagnosis is made by serological tests. Myelopathies are rare and may leave severe sequelae. Treatment rests on praziquantel combined with a short course of corticosteroid therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Viral hepatitis in patients over 60 years of age. Clinical, etiologic and developmental aspects].

The authors report a retrospective study of 78 cases of acute viral hepatitis observed from 1971 to 1985 in patients over 60. Viral hepatitis involved males as often as females. A, B, delta and non-A, non-B viruses were responsible for 11.5, 23.1, 5.1 and 60.3 p. cent of cases, respectively. From 1975 on, the frequency of non-A non-B viral hepatitis has reached 85 p. cent while blood transfusions appeared as the most important route of transmission. Outcome was severe in 10.3 p. cent of cases. Early in the course of disease, the risk of progression to cirrhosis was obvious and concerned 12 patients (1 out of 18 with B hepatitis, 3 out of 4 with D hepatitis, 8 out of 47 non-A non-B hepatitis). The long term prognosis (from three to five years) was not as poor as stated in previous studies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Aspects of viral hepatitis in patients over 60 years of age].

78 acute viral hepatitis (VH) cases were seen from 1971 to 1985 in patients over 60. Virus A, B, B-Delta and non-A, non-B are, respectively, responsible for 11.5, 23.1, 5.1 and 60.3% of the cases. Severe outcome occurs in 10.3%. Early in the course of VH, the risk of progression to cirrhosis concerns 1/18 VHB, 3/4 VHD, 8/47 VH NA NB. But the long-term prognosis is not so poor as stated in previous studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Hepatic manifestations in Still's disease].

In children, as in adults, Still's disease usually presents with a hectic fever, a characteristic rash and arthralgia or arthritis. Visceral involvement is however classical; the hepatic manifestations were studied with respect to two cases. Biochemical changes are common, often mild: the commonest abnormality is cytolysis. Jaundice is less frequent and hepatic involvement may in exceptional cases be life threatening, usually in cases of serious polyvisceral disease often with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These manifestations may be spontaneous or secondary to salicylate therapy; the anatomical changes are the same; the salicylate would therefore seem rather to unmask and aggravate an underlying hepatic abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mononeuritis in acute viral hepatitis.

We describe the cases of 4 adults with acute viral hepatitis A or B in whom mononeuritis affecting a cranial nerve or a nerve of a limb developed. The features of this neuropathy were the following: (a) the prevalence of mononeuritis in patients with acute viral hepatitis was low; (b) this complication developed in the early phase of acute viral hepatitis in most of our patients; (c) the onset of mononeuritis was sudden in most of them; (d) the course of mononeuritis was protracted. Mononeuritis might be the consequence of ischemia resulting from vasculitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Specific immunological profile of candidates for hepatitis A].

Blood samples were taken from 1,279 healthy adults for radioimmunological studies before their collective departure to an endemic area and received an administration of polyvalent immunoglobin for hepatitis A prophylaxis. On the 120th day, 1,220 subjects were in good health and their serum was studied again. Hepatitis A was observed in 59 cases, confirmed either by the presence of virus in the stool or by the demonstration of anti-HAV IgM, when other causes of hepatitis had been excluded. The following results were observed in the two groups: a) Subjects having HAV antibodies with a titre of about 1:100 in the initial blood samples had a reduced risk of hepatitis. Subjects with lower titres and, paradoxically, with higher titres, had a significantly higher risk. b) Markers of HBV were less commonly present in the initial blood samples of subjects who did not develop hepatitis. c) Low titres of HAV antibodies (less than 20) were commonly associated with markers of HBV in the initial samples of subjects who developed hepatitis. This suggests either a congenital susceptibility to infection to both viruses or that prior HBV infection increases the risk of HAV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Hepatic amebiasis: study of 152 cases].

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse retrospectively the clinical, serological, anatomical and evolutive features of 152 cases of hepatic amebiasis in young adults, treated and followed up in France from 1969 to 1983. The disease was revealed 3 times out of 4 by tender hepatomegaly with fever, but only in 6 cases by complications. Serological tests (immunofluorescence or hemagglutination) were always positive for amebiasis, whereas Entamoeba histolytica was absent from stools in 96.7 p. 100 of the cases. Hepatic amebiasis always caused a hepatic abscess: in these cases, the superiority of ultrasonography over all other diagnostic methods was confirmed, especially concerning the detection of multiple abscesses (47 p. 100). Complete recovery was obtained by medical treatment in 117 cases, either alone (98 cases), or combined with needle aspiration (19 cases). Nitro-imidazoles are the simplest treatment, but nevertheless in 5 cases they were not effective. These patients were then treated with dehydroemetine, associated in 2 cases with surgery. Four patients relapsed at mid or long-term after apparent recovery, in the absence of any obvious reinfection. A significant correlation between the course of the treated disease and the size and number of abscesses was demonstrated: it was possible to define a group characterized by a slow and/or complicated course (with single abscess of the right lobe whose diameter is equal to or greater than 10 cm, or multiple abscesses). The pathogenesis of hepatic amebiasis is not yet fully understood.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in HBs antigen and anti-HBs antibody in 77 patients with acute B-virus hepatitis].

Serum HBs antigen (HBs Ag) and anti-HBs antibody (anti-HBs), as determined by radioimmuno-assay or ELISA methods, were studied in a group of 77 patients with acute icterogenic viral hepatitis over a period of at least three months and correlated to the evolution of the disease either to return to good health or to a chronic state. The cumulative rate of patients in whom HBs Ag had disappeared (n = 53) was a linear function of time during the first sixteen weeks. Correlation seemed even stronger in the subgroup of patients restored to good health before the third month. Time of HBs Ag disappearance ranged from 5 days to 5 months in common forms of hepatitis. There was no evident correlation between the time of disappearance and the normalization of ALAT levels. Among the four cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, three had no detectable antigenemia six months later. Development of anti-HBs preceded the loss of HBs Ag in one case, was simultaneous or posterior to it in all other cases; the absence of any serologic HBV marker could last up to 4 months. No chronological link was found between seroconversion and normalization of ALAT levels. The correlation between time and HBs Ag disappearance from the blood could be specific for a given group of patients placed under specific conditions; its determination might help in understanding the factors that influence the course of the disease.

Acute Disease↗