Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Layton.
Correlations between reaction-time + movement-time and age on two punching and two kicking techniques were nonsignificant. This was interpreted as providing some evidence to support the contention that the very practice of Shotokan karate keeps speed of technique at a fast level.
Reaction + movement-times on four counter-offensive techniques of Shotokan karate were found not to differ with regard to sidedness, despite right-sided bias in such techniques in Shotokan kata (forms) previously recorded, and with no attempt to correct the bias in basics and/or sparring over a long period.
The incidence of left- to right-handedness was investigated for 46 British, Caucasian, male Shotokan karate masters of 5th, 6th, and 7th Dan grade. Only one was left-handed. A possible reason for this finding is discussed.
The 912 moves forming the 24 kata (forms) of Kyokushinkai karate were analysed for left-right bias. Significant right-sided bias was noted for counter-offensive techniques and over-all, but not for blocks.
The 684 moves of the 12 Goju-ryu kata (forms) widely practised today were analysed for left-right bias. Significant right-sided bias was evident for kicks only.
12 Goju-ryu and 24 Kyokushinkai kata (forms) widely practised today were analysed for blocking and counter-offensive techniques. A statistically significant preference was found for blocking in Goju-ryu kata and a significant preference for counter-offensive techniques in Kyokushinkai kata. The kata from both styles were seen as fostering nonviolence in their practitioners, however.
The 1183 techniques forming the 27 kata (forms) of Shotokan karate, were analysed for left/right bias. Punches/spear-hands, strikes and kicks showed a significant right-sided bias, but not for blocks and the major stances.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Phase and amplitude analysis was applied to intravenous digital left ventriculograms to avoid the artefacts associated with image subtraction. Eight controls and 40 patients with known coronary artery disease underwent digital left ventriculography before and after a symptom limited supine bicycle exercise test. The resultant images were subjected to phase and amplitude analyses. In the control group there was no deterioration in left ventricular wall motion after exercise. In 30 of the 40 patients there was a deterioration in wall motion on exercise. This group contained all eight patients with three vessel disease and 12 of the 17 patients with two vessel disease. Ten patients showed no change in wall motion--five with one vessel disease and five with two vessel disease. Phase and amplitude analysis of digital left ventriculograms is a method of detecting exercise induced myocardial ischaemia that may help in the assessment of patients with coronary artery disease.
Infants stimulated with 8-s recordings of speech and voices reading numbers showed a discrimination between their own mothers' and alien voices. In general, the infants' heart rates rose more in response to their mothers' than to an alien voice. However, infants tested less than 24 h after birth responded with significant heart rate deceleration to the mother's spontaneous speech and to the mother reading numbers. Response to the father's voice was also deceleration but to all alien voices was acceleration. Older infants' responses also tended to be acceleratory to most stimuli. Results support the suggestion that sounds which are repeatedly experienced before birth (especially the mother's voice) become familiar to the fetus so that the neonate responds selectively by orienting to them during the first few hours after birth.
Arrival-time analysis was applied to intravenous digital aortograms. A single static image was produced by representing the time to 90% maximum density for each image pixel on a grey scale. Arrival-time analysis confirmed the diagnosis in four of six patients with aortic dissection that had been shown by image subtraction. In a further three patients with no dissection the arrival-time images were normal. In two patients with surgical repair of the ascending aorta, residual false lumens were shown by both subtraction and arrival-time analysis. In one of these cases arrival-time analysis prompted reanalysis of the subtraction image that had previously been interpreted as showing a normal aorta. Arrival-time analysis provides a static image of aortic dissection, which helps to overcome subtraction artefact.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fifty-five consecutive cases of ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction were reviewed in order to ascertain clinical and haemodynamic determinants of in-hospital mortality. Factors associated with a poor prognosis included clinical evidence of a poor haemodynamic state or biochemical evidence of impaired renal function. Twenty-six patients managed before 1982 (group 1) were then compared with 29 managed subsequently (group 2) when a policy of earlier surgical intervention had been adopted. Patients in group 2 were more haemodynamically compromised and had greater impairment of renal function. The surgical mortality in group 1 was 3 of 18 patients (17%) which was not significantly different from that in group 2 (7 of 22 patients, 32%). Earlier surgical intervention in ventricular septal rupture is frequently undertaken in critically ill patients whose prognosis is poor. However their surgical risk is not significantly increased and such an approach can therefore be justified as it may salvage some patients who otherwise would not survive.
Eleven patients presenting with the clinical diagnosis of suspected aortic dissection underwent intravenous digital subtraction aortography. In nine patients digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed as the investigation of first choice. In five of these the diagnosis was confirmed with this technique alone and surgical repair was undertaken without further investigation. Direct cine aortography was also undertaken in the other four patients and confirmed the DSA findings, demonstrating aortic dissection in one case and no dissection in three others. In two of the eleven patients, direct cine aortography was performed as the initial investigation. The results of subsequent digital aortography concurred in both cases, aortic dissection being demonstrated in one patient. In two cases, despite normal cine and digital aortography, aortic dissection was confirmed by computed tomography. We have found DSA to be a valuable technique for diagnosing aortic dissection, with no false positive or false negative findings when compared to direct cine aortography. Since it is a less traumatic procedure than direct aortography it should be the investigation of choice if computed tomography is not immediately available.
Four hundred and three patients were considered for entry into a trial of intravenous streptokinase in suspected myocardial infarction. Three hundred and sixty seven (91%) were excluded. Two hundred and sixty (65%) did not meet the inclusion criteria and 45 of the remaining 143 (35%) patients had contraindications to thrombolysis. This left 98 (24%) patients who were suitable for thrombolysis and 42 of them were over 70 years, the upper age limit. Thus according to this trial protocol 56 (14%) patients were eligible for recruitment; 36 (9%) patients were finally randomised. These data suggest that treatment with intravenous streptokinase may be applicable to only a small proportion of patients with myocardial infarction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.