Biomedical subjects

C Lemonidou

Publications and source records attributed to C Lemonidou.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Patients' autonomy in surgical care: a comparison of nurses' perceptions in five European countries.

BACKGROUND: This report forms part of the results of an international comparative study funded by the European Commission (1998-2001). AIM: To describe and compare the maintenance of patients' autonomy on surgical wards, from the point of view of nursing staff, in five European countries (Finland, Spain, Greece, Germany and Scotland). Autonomy is defined in terms of information received and decision making by patients. METHOD: The data were collected using a questionnaire specifically designed for use in this study. Responses (response rate 66%) were obtained from 1280 nurses working on surgical wards. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with posthoc Tukey's HSD test and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were clear between-country differences in nurses' perceptions, especially on a north-south axis (Finland and Scotland vs. Greece and Spain), regarding the extent to which the autonomy of surgical patients is supported by nursing staff. Training and ethics education, in particular, were associated with nurses' perceptions of the maintenance of patient autonomy in Finland and Greece. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to establish whether the results obtained are caused by differences in cultures, nursing practices or roles of health-care personnel or patients in different European countries.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Privacy: a review of the literature.

The concept of privacy is used in many disciplines and is recognised as one of the important concepts also in nursing. In this review, a description about the perspectives and dimensions of the concept will be made and empirical studies in the area will be analysed. Perspectives include units experiencing privacy, desired-achieved state, and reactiveness. Dimensions are divided into physical, psychological, social and informational. In the empirical studies, the concept of the privacy has mainly been studied in hospital organisations using the physical dimension. The concept needs further clarification in future.

Confidentiality↗

PubMed2001

The role of CNSs in promoting elderly patients' autonomy in long-term institutions: problems and implications for nursing practice and research.

Autonomy has become an important focus within healthcare. Elderly patients, however, are often denied the right to independent decision making on grounds of incompetence and incapacity. In long-term institutions there are several ways in which the clinical nurse specialist can promote the autonomy of elderly patients. This article provides an overview of the concept of autonomy and discusses some of the problems in its realization in long-term nursing institutions. It also outlines strategies for supporting autonomy in elderly patients and concludes with a discussion of the implications of autonomy to nursing practice and research.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1999

Patient satisfaction: a key concept for evaluating and improving nursing services.

AIMS: The main purpose of this review was to explore the meaning of patient satisfaction and present the theoretical background and the definitions which developed in nursing. BACKGROUND: Today, there is an increasing interest in patient satisfaction which is considered a valid indicator of the quality of care. ORIGINS OF INFORMATION: An extensive literature review was performed by using the MEDLINE database. DATA ANALYSIS: Data was classified and analysed by using the content analysis approach. KEY ISSUES: The principal finding of this review was the lack of attention to the meaning of patient satisfaction, the development of theoretical frameworks and the psychometric properties of the developed instruments. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses need to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure patient satisfaction in order to improve the quality of care and make their work visible.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Developing an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care in Greece.

AIM: The main purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care. BACKGROUND: The interest in patient satisfaction is intense but there is an absence of instruments with proper psychometric properties. METHODS: A methodological exploratory design was employed with three phases: content development and critique, pilot study (N = 15) and final tryout (I = 103). FINDINGS: The reliability coefficient for the whole scale was high (alpha = 0.94). An exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors, explaining 68.8% of the variability. The first three factors referred to interpersonal relationships and available time, technical competence and response, and information. The qualitative data facilitated the interpretation of the quantitative data, increased the validity of the scale and gave useful information for improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the psychometric properties of the instruments were satisfactory but there is a need for continuous evaluation and verification of other studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Nursing manpower development and strategic planning in Greece.

PURPOSE: A national study to register all working nursing personnel and nursing students; to estimate the nursing needs of the Greek population beyond the year 2000; to design a nursing resource master plan for the nursing needs of Greece. DESIGN: First, a questionnaire was distributed to register all nursing personnel. Second, required personnel were estimated according to the population of each of the country's regions. Third, a master plan for developing nursing personnel to the year 2010 was developed. RESULTS: The number of nursing personnel was found to be 35,715 which included 11,497 RNs and health visitors, 22,318 assistant nurses, 1,900 midwives. The number of students was 9,252. The majority of nursing personnel work in areas with the highest population. The need for nursing personnel was estimated to be 62,000: 36,300 RNs, 21,700 assistant nurses and 4,000 midwives. CONCLUSIONS: There is a serious shortage of RNs in the Greek health services resulting in a downgrading of nursing care quality.

Education, Nursing↗

PubMed1996

The intensive care units in greater Athens: needs and resources.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds and the number of requests, the number and categories of nursing staff, the nursing care required, and the time spent in various nursing activities. METHODS: 19 district general hospitals were studied. The characteristics of the units and their nursing personnel were recorded. The availability of ICU beds, the frequency of bed requests, and the way of patient admission in the ICUs were studied retrospectively for 1 year and prospectively for 2 weeks. The staffing level of direct care for 36 patients was studied to determine the time required for direct nursing care. RESULTS: the distribution of intensive care beds was: GICU 108, CICU 114, PSICU 30. During 1991, 12363 patients were admitted and 12172 of them were discharged; 3 628 patients stayed less than 2 days while the average length of stay was 12.5 days. In 1992, during the 2-week period, there were 303 requests for an admission to ICUs and of these 150 requests could not be met because of lack of ICU beds. The mean staffing level was 2.3 nurses per bed (to cover the three shifts). The mean nursing time required for direct nursing care of each patient per shift was found to be 6 hours for GICU patients, 5.3 for CICU, and 6.0 for PSICU patients.

Greece↗

PubMed1996

Allocation of nursing time.

The purpose of this study was to examine the allocation of nursing time to various activities of registered and assistant nurses during the day shift. Twenty-three registered (RN) and eighteen assistant nurses (AN) working in medical and surgical wards of five large hospitals were studied. The findings have shown that the most frequent activities performed were; indirect care representing 35.6% of the time, direct care representing 23.8% of the time, personal activities representing 16.8% of the time, and direct nursing interventions representing 8.2% of the time. Cross-tabulation revealed that RNs provided direct care less frequently and indirect care more frequently than ANs (25.3 activities per RN and 27.5 per AN, 62.1 activities per RN and 32.6 per AN, respectively). Many indirect care activities were found to be the responsibility of the head nurse (64), secretary (465), and others (104). Less expected results were the minimal amounts of time spent on both education and research activities (1.3% and 0.0% respectively). Nurse managers have to free nurses from subsidiary work and to find mechanisms to distribute nursing valuable time more efficiently.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Perioperative nursing in Greece.

In Greece perioperative nursing is comprised of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing. Nursing care in these phases involves general and presurgical preparation, all activities performed during surgery, and the care given in both the recovery room and clinical unit after surgery.

Greece↗

PubMed1994

Blood donor behaviour in Greece: implications for health policy.

Blood donation behaviour was studied in 809 residents of the Greater Athens area to identify socio-economic and attitudinal factors and level of knowledge about blood donation related to donor behaviour. The sample was randomly selected and consisted of men and women aged 18-65, the legally defined age for donation. According to stepwise regression analysis, blood donation (40.8% of the study population) was found to be correlated with gender, place of birth, occupation and knowledge about donation. Donors were more likely to be men than women; students and military recruits than professionals and scientists; and those with higher knowledge scores regarding donation. In our factor analysis of the social attitudes related to blood donation, three factors emerged as important regarding donation: health-related incentives for the donor, structural incentives (organization of blood donation education and management of facilities) and the creation of social and economic incentives. With respect to the affective measures those who expressed feelings of guilt when presented with hypothetical, emotionally charged situations dramatizing the need for donor blood were more likely to be donors. The results of the data are discussed within a larger socio-cultural context and suggestions for health policy are made.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and clinical practice. 3: Issues of patient consent.

In this, the last in a three-part series considering how the concepts of autonomy, privacy and informed consent are articulated in nursing and the related literature, the authors focus on the notion of consent. Definitions of consent are considered, as are the legal elements of valid consent. Obtaining a patient's consent to treatment has several important functions. This article looks at some of these functions, such as safeguarding patient autonomy and encouraging patient participation in health care. Finally, a number of the difficulties in obtaining an informed consent from patients are considered. Some empirical studies which consider patients' understanding of the information and consent process are also discussed. From a review of the literature it appears that the issue of informed consent is very much tied up with the perceived power struggle between doctors and nurses and doctors and their patients.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and clinical practice. 1: Identifying areas of concern.

This article, the first of three parts, presents an analysis of the use of the concept of autonomy in the nursing and healthcare ethics literature in the UK. It commences by considering some definitions of autonomy as they appear in the literature. Some of the confusions with the use of autonomy in the nursing literature are also identified and discussed, e.g. the frequent lack of clarity regarding how closely the concept is tied to notions of freedom. In addition, it also examines the lack of any indications in the nursing literature and that when one is considering the notion of autonomy it is also useful to consider the idea of constraining factors. In the nursing literature, discussions of autonomy largely appear to centre around the power imbalance between nurses and doctors. Issues of patient autonomy thus appear to be often of only secondary concern.

Ethics, Nursing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and clinical practice. 2: Patient privacy and nursing practice.

This article, the second in a series of three considering issues of autonomy, privacy and informed consent in nurse/patient interactions, focuses on the wider conceptions of patient privacy and confidentiality. Given that patients in institutional care are likely to suffer intrusions into their privacy which would be considered unusual in normal social interaction, it is interesting to note the dearth of literature in this area. Some definitions of privacy are considered in an attempt to begin to raise readers' awareness of the complexity of this notion. It can be argued that privacy is a pertinent notion to consider, both in order to gain a greater understanding of what is meant by the term and in terms of the implications of this understanding for clinical practice.

Confidentiality↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy, privacy and informed consent 1: concepts and definitions.

This article is the first in a four-part series that explores the concepts of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent in the context of the provision of nursing care. In this first article an overview of the concepts is provided, and some of the difficulties with definitions of these concepts are considered. The dearth of empirical exploration of the operationalization of the concepts of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent within nursing practice is highlighted. The second, third and fourth articles report a series of empirical studies carried out with patients and staff in postnatal care, in continuing care of elderly people and in acute surgical care within Scottish NHS settings. These studies are part of a concerted effort to address the lack of empirical investigation of the ethical dimension of nursing care provision and clinical nursing practice.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy, privacy and informed consent 2: postnatal perspective.

The nursing and healthcare ethics literature over the past 10 years has focused on issues of patient autonomy and patient rights. Despite the growing volume of literature exploring such topics, there is little empirical work investigating what is actually happening in clinical nursing or midwifery practice in relation to patient autonomy, privacy or informed consent, from the perspective of either patients or staff. This four-part series reports the results of a Scottish study that formed part of a multisite comparative research project funded by the European Commission, investigating issues of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent. This article, the second of four, explores the issues of autonomy, privacy and informed consent in maternity care. The research questions asked were: (1) What is the perception of mothers' autonomy, privacy and informed consent in Scottish NHS hospitals, from the point of view of both mothers and midwives? (2) Are there differences in the perceptions of mothers and midwives on these issues? Data were collected by a self-completion questionnaire for mothers (n = 243) and staff (n = 170) on postnatal units in both district general and university teaching hospital. Results indicated that there are differences between the perceptions of mothers and midwives in relation to mothers' autonomy, privacy and informed consent. Most differences were found in the information-giving and decision-making elements of autonomy.

Decision Making↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy, privacy and informed consent 3: elderly care perspective.

Despite the growing interest in clinical healthcare ethics, there is a dearth of empirical studies investigating the ethical elements of day-to-day clinical practice from the perspective of either patients or staff. This article, the third in a four-part series, reports the results of a Scottish Study that formed part of a multi-site comparative study funded by the European Commission. It explores patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent in the care of elderly people in long-stay care facilities (i.e. nursing homes and continuing care units). A convenience sample of 101 elderly residents and their nurses (n = 160) participated in the study. Data were collected by means of a self-completion questionnaire for staff and a structured interview schedule for elderly residents. Results indicate marked differences between staff's and residents' responses on three of the four dimensions explored: information-giving, and opportunity to participate in decision-making about care and consent. There was much closer agreement between staff's and residents' responses regarding protection of patient privacy. From the results of this study there is indication of a clear need for further empirical studies exploring issues of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent in the day-to-day nursing care of older people. Findings to date suggest there is still a significant need to educate staff concerning ethical awareness and sensitivity to the dignity and rights of patients.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy, privacy and informed consent 4: surgical perspective.

This is the fourth article in a four-part series that considers the issues of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent. The article discusses these issues in the context of surgical patients and their nurses. There is an abundance of references to issues of autonomy and informed consent within the healthcare literature, although there are few empirical studies investigating these issues within practice. The issue of privacy has been somewhat less explored than that of autonomy or consent, particularly in the UK literature. This article reports the findings of a Scottish study that formed part of a multisite comparative study funded by the European Commission. A convenience sample of surgical patients (n = 282) and their nurses (n = 260) participated in the study. Data were collected by means of a self-completion questionnaire for both patients and nursing staff. Results indicated that there are significant differences in patient and staff perceptions on issues of patient autonomy, privacy and informed consent. However, the most marked difference in perceptions of patients and staff were found on the information-giving element of the autonomy subscale. Implications for nursing practice, education and research are highlighted.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ethical and deontological problems in the use of electronic data processing in nursing].

This article deals with the ethical and moral dilemmas the nursing profession faces today in regards to issues related to the computer technology. Such ethical dilemmas in nursing have been documented in four major areas: (a) Safeguarding confidentiality, (b) determining the right to know and the right to decide, (c) allocating limited resources, and (d) maintaining professional standards.

Computers↗