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Biomedical subjects

C Lewin

Publications and source records attributed to C Lewin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sex differences favoring women in verbal but not in visuospatial episodic memory.

Sex differences favoring women have been found in a number of studies of episodic memory. This study examined sex differences in verbal, nonverbal, and visuospatial episodic memory tasks. Results showed that although women performed at a higher level on a composite verbal and nonverbal episodic memory score, men performed at a higher level on a composite score of episodic memory tasks requiring visuospatial processing. Thus, men can use their superior visuospatial abilities to excel in highly visuospatial episodic memory tasks, whereas women seem to excel in episodic memory tasks in which a verbalization of the material is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Feasibility of SPECT for studies of brain perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography were used to assess brain perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Intravenous injections of technetium 99 m-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO) were administered before surgery and intraoperatively after the first 2 minutes in the first patient and at the end (42 minutes) of cardiopulmonary bypass in the second patient. The total middle cerebral artery territory counts were calculated using the region-of-interest method and compared to cerebellar regional counts. 99mTc-HMPAO uptake on SPECT scans was increased at the beginning and at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, compared to baseline preoperative values (11-17%) in the presence of multiple microembolic signals on TCD (n1 = 35 and n2 = 42 for unilateral middle cerebral artery monitoring). These results indicate the feasibility of using HMPAO-SPECT to study brain perfusion changes during cardiac surgery. A combination of SPECT and TCD ultrasonography may be used to study the impact of microembolism during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

Dieting behavior and eating attitudes in Israeli children.

Using an Israeli school-age group, this study replicates and extends the age group of Maloney et al.'s (Pediatrics, 84, 482-489, 1989) study of American schoolchildren's abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors. Maloney's Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) and a Demographic and Dieting Questionnaire (DDQ) were given to 186 students from Grades 3 to 6 and to 290 students from Grades 7 to 11. In Grades 3-11, 54% of students expressed a desire to lose weight and 41.6% showed behaviors aimed toward losing weight. These attitudes and behaviors were already evident in Grades 3-6. Of this group, 8.8% had ChEAT scores > or = 20 (a possible at-risk indicator of anorexia), similar to the findings of Maloney et al. Marked gender differences in the at-risk index emerged in Grades 7-11: girls, 16.3%; boys, 1.5%. Starting at Grade 8, an exacerbation was noted in girls', in contrast to boys', preoccupation with thinness and weight-losing behaviors. DDQ items were found to identify at-risk groups in Grades 5-7 and 8-11. Issues were raised concerning cross-cultural studies and strategies for timing preventative interventions.

Child↗
PubMed1993

In vitro activities of meropenem, PD 127391, PD 131628, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas cepacia.

In a study of 110 Pseudomonas cepacia isolates from patients without cystic fibrosis, the in vitro potencies of three new compounds, meropenem, PD 127391, and PD 131628, were comparable to those of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin and exceeded those of chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole. The MICs of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and the PD compounds for 90% of strains tested were < or = 4 micrograms/ml, whereas they were 32 micrograms/ml for chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole. Data for 20 isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis indicated that the isolates were less susceptible to all seven antibiotics tested, with the most active compounds being meropenem and PD 127391.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Fear of AIDS: the impact of public anxiety in young people.

Two young adolescents are reported in whom fears of contracting AIDS were a prominent part of their clinical presentation. Public anxiety, specific developmental vulnerability, and exposure to the media information campaign about HIV infection and AIDS are discussed as factors in the genesis and precipitation of emotional disorder in these youngsters.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗