Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Liu.
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The ionophorous properties of a new antibiotic, ionomycin, have been studied. It was found that the antibiotic is capable of extracting calcium ion from the bulk of an aqueous phase into an organic phase. The antibiotic also acts as a mobile ion carrier to transport the cation across a solvent barrier. The divalent cation selectivity order for ionomycin as determined by ion competition experiments was found to be: Ca greater than Mg greater than Sr = Ba, where the binding of strontium and barium by the antibiotic is insignificant. The antibiotic also binds La3+ to some extent, but its complexation with monovalent alkali metal ions is negligible. Measurement of the binding of ionomycin with Ca2+ indicates that ionomycin complexes and transports calcium ion in a one to one stoichiometry.
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Three patients treated with nafcillin developed granulocytopenia. Only three other such cases have been reported. This complication is most likely due to a direct toxic effect on the bone marrow; markers for an immunologically mediated mechanism have not been found. Nafcillin-associated granulocytopenia usually occurs during the third week of therapy and remits spontaneously with prompt cessation of nafcillin administration.
The plasma and urine concentrations of cefaclor were measured after oral administration of single and multiple doses to volunteers. Cefaclor was rapidly absorbed, rapidly excreted in the urine, well tolerated without toxicity, and failed to accumulate in the plasma with chronic dosing.
Eight patients with herpes simplex encephalitis among the 10 cases diagnosed at the University of Kansas Medical Center from 1966 to 1976 were studied with 99mTc early in their diagnostic work-up. The images were unilaterally positive in the temporal lobe area in all 8 patients. Radionuclide studies can suggest herpes simplex as the specific etiology in cases of encephalitis and can also indicate the best site for brain biopsy to confirm the diagnosis by fluorescent antibody techniques. Appropriate antiviral therapy should be instituted as soon as possible to alter the course of this destructive form of viral encephalitis.
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Möbius syndrome undoubtedly results from a variety of disorders affecting central or peripheral portions of appropriate cranial nerves or their target muscles. Pathological alterations observed in cranial nuclei are most often viewed as aplastic or dysplastic lesions. Two patients with Möbius syndrome with associated facial and skeletal malformations showed mineralized necrotic foci in multiple brain stem nuclei. Prenatal encephalomalacic lesions represent the pathological basis for some cases of congenital static Möbius syndrome.
We review electroencephalograms taken from 17 patients with severe meningoencephalitis within seven days of onset of CNS symptoms and prior to cortical brain biopsies. All patients had CNS disease clinically compatible with the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). The diagnosis was demonstrated by the isolation of virus from the brain in five patients (group 1) but considered highly unlikely in the other 12 patients (group 2) by negative immunofluorescent studies and failure of viral isolation from the brain tissue. Abnormal but nonspecific EEGs with diffuse or focal slowing were found in all patients. Distinctive high-voltage, 1-cycle-per-2-to-3 seconds periodic sharp waves from unilateral temporal lobes were seen only in three of the five patients with virologically proved HSE but in none of the 12 patients without viral isolation. This EEG pattern is strikingly similar in all three patients, regardless of their age, and may be specific for the early diagnosis of HSE prior to brain biopsy. The EEGs of the other two patients with proved HSE did not contain such abnormalities. Athough periodic EEGs with some resemblance to those previously described may occur in other CNS disorders, their presence strongly suggests the diagnosis of HSE when recorded from patients with viral meningoencephalitis. Moreover, EEGs may help locate the best site for cerebral biopsy since maximal yield of the virus in this study was from unilateral temperoal lobes corresponding with the site of local EEG changes.
Clindamycin was used to treat six patients with endocarditis because of allergy to penicillin in five, and an unfavorable clinical response to methicillin in one. Only one patient had an uneventful cure with clindamycin. Two had hepatotoxicity which resolved rapidly after clindamycin was stopped. Two patients, one of whom had an aortic prosthesis, had completed four to six weeks of clindamycin therapy when clinical relapse occurred and blood cultures were again positive for a clindamycin-sensitive isolate. A fifth patient had peptostreptococcal endocarditis. Despite a favorable initial clinical and bacteriologic response, blood cultures taken on the 20th day of therapy again grew the Peptostreptococcus. This relapse pathogen had become resistant to clindamycin and was 100-fold less sensitive than the initial isolate. The few conditions in which clindamycin is indicated for therapy of bacterial endocarditis are outlined.