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Biomedical subjects

C Lloyd

Publications and source records attributed to C Lloyd.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Vocational evaluation in a forensic psychiatric setting.

The Forensic Unit of the Alberta Hospital Edmonton has moved from evaluating the performance of a client in a work setting by observation to providing a comprehensive data base on the client through the use of a work history, interest screening and commercial work evaluation systems. A standardized approach to evaluation has enabled the Occupational Therapists to develop a unique treatment programme for the individual client as a result of the evaluation process and provided reliable data in returning the client to competitive employment.

Alberta↗
PubMed1985

The relationship of marital status and living arrangement to stress among dental students.

A survey conducted at one dental school was designed to assess the relationship between dental students' perceived level of stress and two possible indicators of social support, marital status, and living arrangements; to examine whether sex differences occurred in this relationship; and to assess the effect of marital status and gender on students' preferences for support services. A total of 484 students were surveyed, with 298 completing the survey instrument, resulting in a 62 percent response rate. The findings indicated that academic pressures are responsible for higher levels of stress among dental students than are personal, nonacademic stresses, with the exception of financial pressures. Only three of 32 sources of stress were affected significantly by marital status: "loneliness," "difficulties in love relationships," and "child-care responsibilities." The relationship between marital status and stress differed by sex; never-married females and separated/widowed/divorced males reported higher levels of stress than their counterparts. Living arrangement showed significant differences for four of the 32 stressors (the three listed above and "sex-related problems") and appeared to provide a better measure of social support than marital status. Nonacademic support programs were rated by students, regardless of marital status, as more desirable than those that focused on academic skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Regulation of the synthesis of mucin glycoproteins in swine trachea explants.

Swine tracheal epithelium has been cultured as explants in a chemically defined medium for periods of up to 2 wk. The viability of the explants was shown by the preservation of the ultrastructural features of cells in the epithelial layer and by the active incorporation of radioactive glucosamine and sulfate into secreted mucin glycoproteins. The rate of secretion of mucin glycoprotein was about 0.035 mg per cm2 per d. After initial 24 h lag period was shown to be due to the equilibration of intracellular mucin glycoprotein pools with radioactive precursors. The rate of secretion of glycoprotein showed a linear dependence on the area of the explant, and maximal incorporation was observed at 200 microM glucosamine. A higher concentration of 35SO4, 1000 microM, was required for maximal incorporation of the precursor. Insulin at 0.1 to 1 microgram/ml increased the rate of secretion twofold, whereas 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml of hydrocortisone and 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml of epinephrine significantly decreased the rate of secretion. Vitamin A had little or no effect of normal trachea explants at low concentrations, and, at higher concentrations, 10(-5) M, it decreased the secretion of mucin glycoproteins. Vitamin A, at a concentration of 10(-9) M, increased the rate of synthesis of glycoprotein at least fourfold in trachea explants from vitamin A-deficient rats. Mucus secretions collected from the surface of swine trachea and from the culture medium of trachea explants were purified. The mucus was solubilized by reduction and carboxymethylation, and the high molecular weight mucin glycoproteins were purified by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B columns under dissociating conditions in 2 M guanidine HCl. The mucin glycoproteins purified from swine trachea and from the culture medium of trachea explants were virtually indistinguishable. They showed the same properties when examined by gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. The purified glycoproteins contained about 25% protein, and serine, threonine, and proline were the principal amino acids present. More than 80% of the carbohydride chains in both samples were released by treatment with alkaline borohydride. Nearly the same molar ratio of N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fucose, sulfate, and sialic acid was found in both preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

K-scale correction and percentile norms for MMPI-168 factor scores.

Appropriate K-corrections for MMPI-168 factor scales and for a general psychopathology screening scale (PSY) were derived empirically. Percentile distributions of the K-corrected scales in a large normal sample (N = 1438) were determined, and a percentile profile sheet was constructed to facilitate clinical use (N = 1048). The validity of the K-corrected scales in distinguishing psychiatric patients from normals is examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Screening for borderline personality disorders with the MMPI-168.

Investigated the possible use of the MMPI-168 as a screening instrument for identifying individuals (N = 27) with DSM III diagnosed borderline personality disorder. Using previously reported percentile norms for bright young college graduates as a reference, borderline patients as a group fell above the 98th percentile on the F, Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia and Schizophrenia scales, as well as the general psychopathology scale (PSY). Additionally, the borderline sample's mean score on the Paranoia scale was above the 95th percentile, and the mean Social Introversion scale was above the 90th percentile. Almost equally distinguishing was the finding that the mean K scale score for the borderline sample fell as low as the 8th percentile for the normative college sample. These results demonstrate that the MMPI-168 response pattern of borderline patients was clearly distinguishable from the great majority of college graduates.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sex differences in medical students requesting psychiatric intervention.

Although recent reports suggest that women choosing a medical career encounter unique stressors, little attention has been given to whether this additional stress places them at greater psychological risk than men. This investigation delineates sex differences in the psychopathology of medical students seeking treatment. Men and women did not differ in primary diagnosis, type of complaint, problem areas, or type of termination. However, women reported more depressive and total symptomatology, and men were more likely to receive a secondary diagnosis of personality disorder and evidenced a particular excess of obsessive-compulsive disorders. Men often requested treatment following a relationship loss or when school performance fell short of expectations. Women were frequently struggling to reconcile career desires with a feminine identification and with affiliation needs. Conflict about deviating from a traditional role was exacerbated by expressed disapproval from significant others.

Achievement↗
PubMed1981

Life events and response to antidepressants.

The present study examined the relationship of life events and response to tricyclic antidepressants among 80 outpatients with unipolar, primary depressions. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either amitriptyline or amoxapine. Events occurring in either the two or 12 months prior to starting treatment (antecedent events) were unrelated to antidepressant response. However, events occurring during the treatment period itself (concurrent events) were significantly related to tricyclic response. Patients evidencing the poorer response reported almost three times as many concurrent events as the more improved patients. A poorer tricyclic response was associated in particular with concurrent events which were undesirable, health related, and perceived as being outside of the patient's own control. It was suggested that the continuing occurrence of stressor events probably interferes with treatment efforts and, therefore, it may be important for the therapist to pay careful attention to the ongoing life stresses of the depressed patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sex differences in medical student mental health.

The authors studied first-year medical students to assess sex differences in psychological functioning. No initial sex differences in adjustment were found on any self-report measures. By mid-year, however, women students had developed more psychiatric symptoms and tended to report less satisfaction with life. By the year's end the women remained somewhat more symptomatic but to a lesser extent than had been apparent at mid-year. Women also reported more role conflict and described their families as less supportive of their career choice. The authors suggest that these findings point to the potentially negative impact of current medical training on women.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Hot foot.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Actinin↗
PubMed1980

Life events and depressive disorder reviewed. I. Events as predisposing factors.

I reviewed studies examining the hypothesis that life events that occur during childhood or early adolescence may predispose a person to a depression in adulthood. Of studies that compared the incidence of childhood bereavement or other childhood loss events among depressed patients and controls, the majority found an increased incidence among the depressives. Although discrepant negative findings exist, it seems that the childhood loss of a parent by death generally increases depressive risk by a factor of about 2 or 3. In addition, early loss events also seem to be related to the severity of subsequent depression and to attempted suicide. Despite this significant association between childhood loss events and depression, most depressives have not experienced an early loss event, and clearly other causal factors are operative as well.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Life events and depressive disorder reviewed. II. Events as precipitating factors.

I reviewed studies examining the hypothesis that life events may precipitate a depressive disorder. Although some contradictory results exist, the majority of studies demonstrate that depressed patients experience more stressful events in the months that precede the onset of their disorder than do normal controls or schizophrenics. In calculating relative risk figures, it seems that depressive risk is increased by a factor of about 5 or 6 for the six months after an event. Certain events, such as undesirable, loss, or severely threatening events, are particularly likely to precede a depression. These results suggest that stressful events can bring about depressive episodes, but most of the evidence that supports this conclusion emanates from retrospective studies, and corroborating prospective studies are definitely needed. Furthermore, not all depressives report precipitating events, so other causal factors are also operative.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Life events as predictors of academic performance.

As part of a larger study, information was obtained about the life events which had occurred in the one-and-ten-year periods prior to entrance into a study of 169 students at a large midwestern university. Different methods of calculating life change were utilized, and these measures were correlated with the students' subsequent grade point averages over the next three years. Results demonstrated a significant negative association between life change and academic performance for the first-and second-but not for the third-year grades. Further analysis suggested a threshold effect since the detrimental impact of life change appeared evident only after the occurrence of about 12 events in the one-year time period. Life change also was implicated as a factor in severe academic difficulty resulting in the initiation of formal academic sanctions. Specific events which occurred in excess among the poorer performing students also were reported.

Achievement↗