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C Logothetis

Publications and source records attributed to C Logothetis.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The inhibition of the paracrine progression of prostate cancer as an approach to early therapy of prostatic carcinoma.

The prevalence of neural elements in prostatic carcinoma and their effects on the behavior of the lesion have recently been recognized. Recent reports suggest that chromogranin-A- and neuron-specific enolase-expressing tumors have an earlier progression and a lower response rate to hormonal therapy. The extreme presentation of this tumor is presumed to be small cell carcinoma of the prostate. This bombesin-secreting tumor, which has a characteristic clinical picture of early visceral involvement, wide-ranging metastases, and a relatively low rate of expression of PSA and PAP, is highly responsive to chemotherapy. The relatively high rate of expression of neural elements in primary prostatic carcinoma is discordant with the low frequency of clinical small cell carcinoma of the prostate. In order to account for these differences, one can assume that neural elements may play a role in the progression of this disease by either developing their own neoplastic process (small cell carcinoma of the prostate) or, in the majority of cases, causing paracrine progression of the tumor. Bombesin is typically secreted by small cell carcinoma of the lung and possibly by the prostate. It has been shown to be a growth factor mediating the progression of this disease in a number of experiments. Preclinical data demonstrate increased invasiveness and increased proliferation associated with bombesin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Based on the hypothesis that neural peptides may be important mediators of androgen-independent growth of prostatic carcinoma as well as predicting poor prognosis, inhibition of these factors may represent a therapeutic strategy of relevance for the treatment of patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of chemotherapy-refractory metastatic urothelial tumors.

Patients with unresectable bladder carcinoma unresponsive to standard chemotherapy have a short survival, but recent clinical trials of salvage treatment have produced some good results. Changes in the dosage of M-VAC; 5-fluorouracil, alpha-interferon, and cisplatin; and gallium nitrate show promise.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in iatrogenic myelosuppression, bone marrow failure, and regulation of host defense.

In early studies, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been found to reduce the depth and duration of granulocytopenia in the settings of cancer chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. In patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or aplastic anemia. GM-CSF has produced increased marrow cellularity and marked leukocyte responses, and multilineage effects have been observed in some patients. The available data suggest that the use of GM-CSF in these settings is associated with a decreased incidence of infection as compared with that in historical controls or pretreatment periods and that it may enhance the ability to deliver optimal doses of cancer chemotherapy. Other findings suggest that GM-CSF may be useful in regulating host response to infection when used in combination with antimicrobial therapy in neutropenic patients. However, a precise determination of the ability of this agent to significantly affect patient morbidity or mortality in these various contexts awaits the results of larger, longer-term, randomized, controlled trials.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Clinical stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell tumors of the testis. A clinicopathologic study of 93 patients on a surveillance protocol after orchiectomy alone.

This study of 93 patients with Stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell testicular tumors who were placed in a surveillance study following orchiectomy was designed to evaluate pathologic prognostic factors. Follow-up was at least 12 months post-orchiectomy except for one patient who was followed for 9 months. Lymphatic invasion was identified in 26 patients, 62% of whom developed distant metastases; metastasis developed in only 18% of 67 patients without lymphatic invasion (P less than 0.01). Relapse was also associated with the presence of embryonal carcinoma. Of 81 patients with an embryonal carcinoma component, 35% developed metastases, whereas none of those without an embryonal carcinoma developed metastasis (P = 0.05). Effects of other histologic features and tumor size were not significant. Lymphatic invasion appeared to be a significant poor prognostic factor, and embryonal carcinoma was an independent poor prognostic factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoembryonic antigen and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin as serum markers for advanced urothelial malignancies.

Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin were measured in 92 patients with advanced urothelial malignancies referred to us for chemotherapy. Elevations of carcinoembryonic antigen and/or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin occurred in 60 of the 92 patients (65 per cent). Minimal elevations (less than 50 per cent above the normal range) occurred in 25 patients (27 per cent), while 35 (38 per cent) had significant elevations (more than 50 per cent above the normal range). Of the latter patients carcinoembryonic antigen alone was elevated in 16 (17 per cent), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin alone in 13 (14 per cent) and both in 6 (6 per cent). Among the 24 patients with initially elevated levels whose markers were re-evaluated during therapy the marker levels correlated with disease course in all 15 whose elevations were more than 50 per cent and in 4 of 9 with minimal elevations. In patients with adenocarcinoma of the bladder the carcinoembryonic antigen level frequently was elevated (9 of 10). We conclude that serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin are significantly elevated (more than 50 per cent above the normal range) in 38 per cent of the patients with advanced urothelial malignancies and can be used as tumor markers, since they correlate with the clinical course of the patient and the response to therapy. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels usually are elevated in patients with bladder adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum. Report of apparent cure in two patients with extensive disease.

Primary endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the mediastinum has been regarded as a rare and rapidly fatal germ cell neoplasm. We describe two cases of extensive EST treated with a new high-dose sequential combination chemotherapy regimen (CISCA-VB) followed by radical surgical excision. They are alive at 11 and 20 months, respectively, postoperatively. These cases stand in marked contrast to previously reported series. A new approach to the management of this tumor is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restoration of bax in prostate cancer suppresses tumor growth and augments therapeutic cell death induction.

BACKGROUND: Cancer cells are characterized by multiple genetic defects which result in altered rates of cell division, cell death and ability to differentiate. These same molecular alterations may also contribute to therapeutic resistance. We examined the potential contribution of the pro-apoptotic gene, bax, to suppressing the growth of prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bax-deficient DU145 prostate cancer cell line was transfected with a hemagluttinin-tagged bax (HA-bax) vector to generate stable expressing bax clones. RESULTS: Ha-bax clones exhibited a significant reduction in tumor growth compared to vector control and parental cells when xenografted into nude mice. HA-bax clones were significantly more sensitive to cell death induction by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, etoposide, doxorubicin and gamma-radiation than vector control cells. Sensitivity to paclitaxel remained unaltered in the Ha-bax cells. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that bax may possess a tumor suppressor function in prostatic glandular epithelial cells and be an important determinant of sensitivity to therapeutic cell death induction.

Animals↗