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C Lotan

Publications and source records attributed to C Lotan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Emergency rotational ablation of a calcified left main coronary artery stenosis in a patient with ischemic induced cardiogenic shock.

High-speed rotational ablation is ideal in the treatment of chronic calcified atherosclerotic lesions. This report describes an elderly woman with a prior history of coronary artery bypass surgery, who developed cardiogenic shock secondary to occlusion of a saphenous vein graft to the obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex coronary artery. Her left main coronary artery was heavily calcified and almost completely occluded. She was treated successfully by high-speed rotational ablation of her left main stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Acute myocardial infarction--the angiographic picture: new insights into the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

The angiographic appearance of the coronary arteries were examined in 302 patients with stable angina pectoris and compared to 308 patients with acute myocardial infarction, who received high-dose intravenous thrombolytic therapy, in order to elucidate the underlying angiopathological picture in the two diseases. In each group coronary lesions were present in proximal segments of the arteries and were closely related to bifurcations. Lesions were more extensively distributed in the coronary tree in patients with stable angina and they had an average of 5.4 lesions per patient, compared to the acute myocardial infarction group who had only 2.4 lesions. Also, in the acute myocardial infarction patients, four-fifths of the culprit arteries were patent, 104 (34%) had a ruptured plaque, 22 (7%) had an ulcerated plaque and in 190 (62%) the lesions were eccentric. The study shows that patients with myocardial infarction who are suitable for thrombolysis have a unique coronary angiographic picture and the acute episode is caused by sudden rupture of a localized atheromatous plaque which initiates an obstructive thrombotic cascade.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1995

Early intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: the Jerusalem experience.

Myocardial damage in acute myocardial infarction is a time-dependent process. We examined the influence of very early thrombolytic therapy, comparing prehospital to hospital administration, in a consecutive group of patients with myocardial infarction on mortality, complications and the preservation of left ventricular function. Seven hundred sixty patients received early thrombolytic therapy: 114 at home (time delay to treatment 1.4 +/- 0.8 h) and 646 in hospital (2.1 +/- 1.0 h). Sixteen patients died in hospital and significant hemorrhage occurred in 15 (including three patients with hemorrhagic stroke). There was no difference between groups in hospital mortality or rate of complications. The duration of ischemia was shorter in patients with prehospital therapy (pain duration: 3.3 +/- 2.1 vs. 4.0 +/- 2.2; P < 0.05, and time to recovery of the ST segment in the electrocardiogram: 4.3 +/- 3.3 vs. 6.6 +/- 6.3; P < 0.002). Peak plasma creatine kinase was earlier in patients with prehospital therapy (11.2 +/- 5.0 vs. 13.0 +/- 5.8; P < 0.002), although there was no difference between groups in the absolute peak plasma level. Left ventricular function was assessed by contrast ventriculography 1 week after admission (616 patients). Ventricular function was better in patients with prehospital therapy: (ejection fraction of 58 +/- 13% vs. 54 +/- 15%; P < 0.05 and a left ventricular dysfunction index of 534 +/- 515 vs. 691 +/- 519 units; P < 0.05). We conclude that prehospital thrombolytic therapy is feasible and safe. Reperfusion is achieved earlier and more myocardium can be salvaged using this strategy without increasing the rate of complications.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1995

Combined mechanical and thrombolytic treatment for totally occluded bypass grafts.

Totally occluded venous grafts are usually less amenable to mechanical reperfusion alone (for example percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA) because of the large mass of thrombotic material within the graft. A combined approach using mechanical and thrombolytic treatment might therefore be more successful. Twenty one patients (20 males, one female) with a mean age of 64.5 (SD 5.6) years underwent angiography because of crescendo or unstable angina (n = 19) or myocardial infarction (n = 2) at a mean of 21.7 (18.6) days after onset of symptoms (range 1-60). All patients had had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at a mean of 8.02 (4.02) years (range 0.3-13 years) before the current admission. At catheterisation, totally occluded venous bypass grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery or diagonal (n = 10), marginal (n = 6), or right coronary artery (n = 5) were found. A combination of PTCA and thrombolytic treatment (in eight patients extended thrombolysis for 24 hours) was successful in reopening the venous graft in 16/21 patients (76.2%). Immediate complications included femoral haematoma (4), distal embolisation (3), and infection in one patient. Out of 13 patients catheterised within three months, two had reoccluded, seven had restenosis, while four had patent grafts. Recurrent PTCA (at least once more) was done in eight patients. At long term follow up of a mean of 26.7 (21.6) months (range 4-75 months), four patients were asymptomatic, eight still suffered from mild stable angina, while three had recurrent hospital admissions and needed a second coronary artery bypass. A combination of thrombolytic treatment and PTCA is a feasible and practised approach to recanalise recently occluded venous bypass grafts.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Angioplasty for vein grafts and native coronary arteries after previous coronary artery bypass grafting].

219 patients after previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) underwent coronary artery or vein graft angioplasty in 1984-1991. 452 stenotic lesions out of 498 were successfully dilated in 337 procedures (90.7%). For arterial lesions the initial success rate had been 89.2% (321/360) and for vein graft lesions 94.9% (131/138). For repeated angioplasty the success rate was the same. Major complications included 3 deaths (0.9%). 15 myocardial infarctions (5.3%) and 1 emergency CABG. Factors that had reduced the success rate were lesions at the proximal anastomosis, total occlusions, and complex (type C) lesions. Time since grafting did not affect success rate of the second procedure. Restenosis after successful angioplasty was 37.3% (34/91) for arterial lesions and 56.8% (25/44) for graft lesions, after a mean time of 11.2 +/- 2.7 months. Restenosis was more common in type C lesions and old vein grafts. There was considerable improvement in treadmill exercise time of patients after the angioplasty (5.92 vs 7.31 minutes) and in double product. During a follow up of about 3 years, 7.6% (15/196) died of cardiac events, 5.2% (10/189) had myocardial infarctions, 10.5% (20/189) were reoperated and 31.0% (68/219) needed at least 1 repeat angioplasty. Long term followup was better after angioplasty of native arteries than of grafts. After angioplasty of vein grafts, there were more cardiac related deaths, more MIs and more reoperations than after angioplasty of native arteries: 11.5% vs 3.5%, 9.6% vs 2.8%, 21% vs 4.9%, respectively, than in the arterial group. Considering the high mortality and morbidity of reoperation, balloon angioplasty in selected patients may be the preferred strategy. Clinical and angiographic results are better after re-angioplasty of native arteries than vein grafts.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1994

[The vascular stent in percutaneous coronary revascularization].

Balloon angioplasty is commonly used for coronary revascularization. Coronary stents were introduced to overcome its 2 main limitations: acute coronary occlusion and restenosis. We describe our experience with the use of 27 coronary stents in 26 patients. The indications for stenting were acute or threatened coronary occlusion in 16 patients, in 7 recurrent restenosis, and vein graft narrowing in the rest. Stent deployment was successful in all cases and there was no mortality. The hospital course was complicated by subacute thrombotic occlusion of the stent (2 patients) initially treated by balloon angioplasty, retroperitoneal bleeding (3), and surgical closure of femoral pseudoaneurysm (2); 22 were discharged without complications; 1 patient required coronary bypass. Coronary stenting has a high rate of success and is very effective in cases of abrupt coronary occlusion which would otherwise require emergency surgery. It is probably associated with a lower restenosis rate than standard balloon angioplasty. Accurately monitored anticoagulant therapy is essential to prevent complications.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1994

Total coronary artery occlusion late after successful coronary angioplasty of moderately severe lesions: incidence and clinical manifestations.

Coronary restenosis after balloon angioplasty is a slow process that develops over a few months. In some patients, with an initially successful angioplasty, an artery that originally had only moderate stenosis becomes totally occluded as a result of restenosis. This report describes 16 such patients out of 415 dilated lesions with late angiographic follow-up. Ten patients presented with stable angina pectoris, 5 had unstable angina and only one was admitted with a small myocardial infarction. Visible collaterals were present in 15 patients. Except for the patient who sustained myocardial infarction, none of the late angiograms showed the typical morphological features of acute lesion. We conclude that total coronary occlusion late after successful angioplasty of an artery that was moderately narrowed is rare. The 'restenotic' occlusion is a slow process that stimulates collateral formation and thus the risk of myocardial infarction is small.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing: does it indicate a different angiographic and prognostic syndrome?

The prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia detected during graded exercise testing (GXT) is uncertain. The angiographic characteristics and long-term follow-up of 83 patients with silent ischemia (group 1), mean age 58 +/- 9 years, were compared with 83 age- and sex-matched patients with typical angina pectoris (group 2). Basic characteristics and mean follow-up (42 +/- 22 months) were similar in both groups. Patients with silent ischemia were characterized by longer duration of exercise test (6.5 vs. 4.8 min, p < 0.01), larger extent of maximum ST depression during peak exercise (2.4 vs. 2.0 mm, p < 0.01) and higher maximal double product at peak exercise (24,650 vs. 20,825, p < 0.01) compared to group 2. Long-term follow-up revealed similar rates of mortality (3.6 vs. 4.8%, p = NS) and major cardiac events (19.3 vs. 21.7%, p = NS). However, patients with typical angina tended to have more revascularization procedures (81 vs. 61%, p < 0.1). Thus, patients with silent ischemia have a better GXT capacity compared to patients with typical angina pectoris. Despite a similar severity of coronary involvement, patients with typical angina pectoris tend to have more revascularization procedures, yet the long-term prognosis appears similar.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1994

Very early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction--a light at the end of the tunnel.

Myocardial damage in acute myocardial infarction is a time-dependent process. Thrombolytic therapy effectively opens the coronary artery, restores coronary blood flow and prevents ongoing necrosis. We examined the effect of very early thrombolytic therapy (including prehospital administration) in a consecutive group of 510 patients with myocardial infarction on the following factors: mortality, complications and the preservation of left ventricular function. The treatment was given to 89 at home (time delay to treatment 1.2 +/- 0.6 h) and 421 in hospital (2.0 +/- 1.0 h). Twelve patients died in hospital and major hemorrhage occurred in 10. The arterial patency rate in 416 patients who underwent coronary angiography 6 days later was 82%. Infarct size measured by left ventriculography was determined by the area at risk, the delay time until the initiation of thrombolytic therapy, the total duration of ischemic pain and the degree of restoration of arterial blood flow. We conclude that early thrombolytic therapy, particularly prehospital management, is feasible and safe and reduces infarct size and mortality. A further decrease in the delay to initiation of treatment and more effective thrombolytic therapy will further decrease mortality and myocardial damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Arterial remodelling after percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty.

Atheromatous coronary artery disease progresses by atheroma accretion, plaque rupture and thrombus formation, with or without spontaneous fibrinolysis. The natural history may be altered by modifying risk factors in an attempt to induce regression, or treated by mechanical means such as balloon angioplasty, directional coronary atherectomy or drills, or flow modulated by the insertion of an aorto coronary bypass graft with or without endarterectomy. Here we discuss the natural history of the atheromatous disease in a series of 355 patients who underwent at least one PTCA procedure and then underwent a second angiographic study to determine the changes in the dilated and nondilated arteries.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1992

Angiographic findings in the coronary arteries after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction.

The angiographic appearance of the coronary arteries was examined in 308 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who received high-dose intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Coronary angiography was performed on day 7 after admission to the hospital. Patients had an average of 2.4 discrete arterial narrowings or obstructions. The narrowings were proximal and related to bifurcations. Four fifths of the culprit arteries were patient; 104 (34%) had a ruptured plaque, 22 (7%) had an ulcerated plaque, and in 190 (62%) the lesions were eccentric. Patients differed from a comparable, previously studied, control series of 302 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris who had more extensive disease. They had 5.7 narrowings/patient, also located proximally and at bifurcations, but more widely distributed in the coronary tree. Patients with AMI who are suitable for thrombolysis have a unique coronary angiographic picture. The data confirm that AMI is caused by sudden rupture of a localized atheromatous plaque that initiates an obstructive thrombotic cascade.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1991

Coronary pathology predicts conduction disturbances after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Conduction disturbances after coronary artery bypass grafting may result from compromised septal blood flow. To examine this hypothesis we reviewed the preoperative coronary angiography of 55 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty-five patients had either no lesion or a discrete lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery that did not include the septal perforator (type I anatomy). Twenty patients had a lesion of the left anterior descending coronary artery at the origin of the first septal branch, a lesion of the first septal artery, or a pair of lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery that straddled the origin of the first septal artery; all lesions were proximal to the graft site (type II anatomy). None of the patients with type I anatomy had a major conduction disturbance after coronary artery bypass grafting. Eleven of the patients with type II anatomy had major conduction disturbances after coronary artery bypass grafting; right bundle-branch block in 1, right bundle-branch block and left anterior hemiblock in 2, left bundle-branch block in 5, and complete atrioventricular block that required pacemaker implantation in 3 (p less than 0.001). In the 20 patients with type II anatomy, the appearance of conduction disturbances correlated well with the absence of retrograde flow to the septal branches from the right coronary artery (p less than 0.01). Pathological lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery that compromise flow in the first perforator and that do not provide an adequate circulation produce localized damage and conduction disturbances after coronary artery bypass grafting. This can be predicted from the preoperative angiographic anatomy.

Aged↗