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Biomedical subjects

C Lundqvist

Publications and source records attributed to C Lundqvist.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The Göteborg cohort of embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a 6-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To present a follow-up of the results after endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with acrylic glue. An initial follow-up was published in 1996. METHODS: A cohort of 150 patients with cerebral AVMs underwent embolization between 1987 and 1993. Fifty-seven patients had supplemental stereotactic irradiation, and 13 had subsequent surgery. The follow-up was carried out clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 6.2 years. Only four patients were lost to follow-up. If at least 90% of the AVM had been obliterated, the clinical course was stable and there were no new manifestations from the AVM. No recanalization occurred in any AVM that had been totally obliterated with glue. For patients in whom it was not possible to totally obliterate the AVM either with glue alone or glue supplemented with stereotactic irradiation or surgery, the long-term outcome was discouraging. CONCLUSION: Obliteration of an AVM with acrylic glue seems to offer stability. If the AVM is totally obliterated, the patient had a stable clinical course. Patients with large AVMs with minor occlusion after embolization may have a worse clinical outcome than expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The clinical value of serum S-100 protein measurements in minor head injury: a Scandinavian multicentre study.

PURPOSE: This study of patients with minor head injury was designed to investigate the relation of S-100 protein measurements to computed tomograpy (CT) findings and patients outcomes. Increased serum levels of this protein were hypothetized to predict intracranial pathology and increased frequency of post-concussion symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two patients were studied with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13-15. The study recruited patients from three Scandinavian neurotrauma centres. Serum levels of S-100 protein were measured at admittance and CT scans of the brain were obtained within 24 hours postinjury in all patients. Outcome was evaluated with the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) 3 months after the injury. RESULTS: Increased serum level of S-100 protein was detected in 69 (38%) patients, and CT scan demonstrated intracranial pathology in 10 (5%) (brain contusion in seven, epidural haematoma in two, traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in one). The proportion of patients with detectable serum level was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among those with intracranial pathology (90%) compared to those without (35%). The negative predictive value of an undetectable S-100 level was 0.99. Sixty-two per cent reported one or more post-concussion symptoms at follow-up. A trend was observed towards an increased frequency of post-concussion symptoms among patients with detectable serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: Undetectable serum level of S-100 protein predicts normal intracranial findings on CT scan. Determination of S-100 protein in serum may be used to select patients for CT scanning. Increased S-100 serum levels may be more related to post-concussion symptoms caused by mild traumatic brain injury than to symptoms of psychological origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Brief report: the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale detects differences among newborn infants of optimal health.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) can detect behavioral differences in newborn infants of optimal health and, if such differences appear, also detect gender differences among those neonates. METHODS: Participants were a group of healthy Swedish neonates, 20 boys and 18 girls. The infants were assessed by the NBAS under standardized conditions at 48-72 hours of age, at the midpoint between two meals. RESULTS: All items except those in the dimensions Autonomic System and Motor System had a wide interquartile range. The trend was that girls had higher median item profiles, which means a higher level of functioning than boys. Four out of seven median values in the dimension Social Interactive Organization, as well as the median value in the self-quieting item in the dimension State Regulation, were significantly higher for girls. The interquartile range of the items seemed wider for boys than for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate behavioral variability among healthy neonates. Gender differences were also observed with girls showing higher levels of functioning than boys.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Scientific basis of a matrix metalloproteinase-8 specific chair-side test for monitoring periodontal and peri-implant health and disease.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially collagenase-2 (MMP-8), are key mediators of irreversible tissue destruction associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis. MMP-8 is known to exist in elevated amounts and in active form in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) from progressing periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions and sites, respectively. (Sorsa et al. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 737: 112-131 [1994]; Teronen et al. J. Dent. Res. 76: 1529-1537 [1997]). We have developed monoclonal antibodies to MMP-8 (Hanemaaijer et al. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31504-31509 [1997]) that can be used in a chair-side dipstick test to monitor the course and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibody tests for MMP-8 coincided with the classical functional collagenase activity test from GCF and PISF (Sorsa et al. J. Periodont. Res. 22: 386-393 [1988]) in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. In future a chair-side functional and/or immunological MMP-test can be useful to diagnose and monitor periodontal and peri-implant disease and health.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Non-nutritive sucking in full-term and preterm infants studied at term conceptional age.

Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) patterns in full-term newborn and preterm infants were studied at term conceptional age. The preterm group showed a distinct NNS pattern with a higher frequency and lower amplitude. In the preterm group, gender differences were observed, the girls having higher frequency and larger amplitude. The full-term infants' NNS patterns were also related to pacifier use during early childhood. Experience, gender, maturity and level of tension are suggested as explanatory factors for differences in NNS patterns.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of ethanol consumption in healthy volunteers: comparison with other markers.

Phosphatidylethanol is a "pathological" phospholipid, formed via the action of phospholipase D only in the presence of ethanol. The present study was made to elucidate how different levels and patterns of alcohol intake affect blood levels of phosphatidylethanol in comparison with other markers of abuse. We used a new HPLC-evaporative light-scattering detection technique for phosphatidylethanol quantitation. This method had a total coefficient of variation of <20% at the detection limit of 0.2 nmol, equaling 0.8 micromol/liter of whole blood. Two groups were studied. (a) Five healthy volunteers were given 32 to 47 g of ethanol in a single dose, to give blood ethanol levels of approximately 25 mmol/liter after 30 to 60 min. Phosphatidylethanol, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and blood ethanol were measured before and after the intake. (b) Twelve student volunteers were studied during a 3 week period of prolonged alcohol consumption (total estimated intake: 1334 +/- 488 g, mean +/- SD) and phosphatidylethanol, serum-CDT, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and blood ethanol were measured at the start of the period (day 1) and twice at the end of the period (days 18 and 21). In group (a), no phosphatidylethanol was detected at any time after ethanol dosage/intake. In group (b), no blood phosphatidylethanol or blood ethanol could be demonstrated at the start, and serum-CDT was below the discrimination limit (1.3%) in all persons. No phosphatidylethanol was detected in those four persons with the lowest intake (742 +/- 150 g). However, the remaining eight persons had detectable levels of phosphatidylethanol (1.0 to 2.1 micromol/liter), and these had a higher total intake (1630 +/- 389 g). There was a statistically significant (p = 0.02) increase in serum CDT for 3 weeks. However, only 3 of 12 persons increased above the discrimination limit. The present results indicate that a substantial alcohol intake is needed to elevate blood phosphatidylethanol. In comparison with serum-CDT, blood phosphatidylethanol appears more sensitive.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of phospholipase D activation by muscarinic receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

The cholinergic regulation of phospholipase D activity was studied in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with phosphatidylethanol formation as a specific marker for the enzyme activity. The muscarinic antagonists, hexahydrosiladifenidol and pirenzepine, inhibited carbachol-induced phosphatidylethanol formation in a concentration-dependent manner and the inhibitory constants indicated that muscarinic M1 receptors are responsible for the major part of the phospholipase D activation. The mechanism of receptor-mediated phospholipase D activation varies between different cell types and receptors. In SH-SY5Y cells, the carbachol-induced phospholipase D activity was inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors. Since both phospholipases D and C are activated by muscarinic stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells, most of the phospholipase D activation is probably secondary to the protein kinase C activation that follows phospholipase C-mediated increase in diacylglycerols. Other kinases may be involved in the regulation since also a tyrosine kinase inhibitor decreased the phosphatidylethanol formation. Stimulation of G-protein(s) and increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration activated phospholipase D and may be additional mechanisms for the muscarinic regulation of phospholipase D in SH-SY5Y cells. Propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, increased the carbachol-induced formation of phosphatidic acid at the expense of 1,2-diacylglycerol. This indicates that phospholipase D contributes to the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol after carbachol stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells.

Carbachol↗
PubMed1997

Spinal cord injuries: a shortened measure of function and mood.

A brief quality-of-life (QL) questionnaire was derived empirically from a cross-sectional study of 98 SCI-patients (83% men, median age 33.5 years, and median time after injury 2.3 years). A comprehensive general battery of well-established questionnaires (Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale) was combined with a study-specific set of questions to constitute patients' QL. A stepwise analysis model was used to define key areas and questions to be included in a brief SCI-adapted questionnaire. The central areas that independently mattered for SCI-patients' perception of good QL included mental health (no depressive feelings), physical and psychosocial dysfunction (no, or few and minor, limitations in mobility, body care and movement and social interaction), and SCI-related problems (no or little perceived difficulty with loss of independence due to injury). A 22-item questionnaire is suggested for routine clinical follow-up to assess more accurately when optimal treatment and services have been delivered.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Intraepithelial lymphocytes in human gut have lytic potential and a cytokine profile that suggest T helper 1 and cytotoxic functions.

The functional properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in normal human jejunum, ileum, and colon were investigated. Cytokine mRNA expression in IEL and enterocytes was determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR and IFN-gamma+ IEL by immunohistochemistry. Polyclonal activators were used to study proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion of IEL, and an anti-CD3-mediated redirected cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the lytic potential of IEL. Freshly isolated IEL at all three gut levels expressed mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. Approximately 10% of IEL produced IFN-gamma, suggesting that IEL are immunologically active in vivo, performing similar functions along the intestine. IEL could be stimulated further in vitro to express IL-10, TNF-beta, and TGF-beta 1, while no Th2-type cytokines were induced, suggesting suppressive and cytolytic functions for IEL. All three jejunal IEL subpopulations (CD4-CD8-TCR-gamma delta+, CD4+TCR-alpha beta+, CD8+TCR-alpha beta+) expressed the same four cytokines, IL-2, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, indicating that CD4+TCR-alpha beta+ IEL are Th1 cells and that TCR-gamma delta+ IEL and CD8+TCR-alpha beta+ IEL include cytotoxic effector cells. Indeed, freshly isolated jejunal IEL displayed cytolytic activity. IEL were induced to proliferation by anti-CD3/TCR complex mAbs and leukoagglutinin, but not by Con A. There was no correlation between the magnitude of the proliferative response and the amounts of secreted IFN-gamma. Enterocytes expressed IL-1 beta and IL-8, and sometimes TNF-alpha. Although jejunal enterocytes express HLA-DR and hsp60, Ag presentation by these cells may induce anergy since their cytokine profile is different from that of classical APCs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of phospholipase D activity in neuroblastoma cells.

The regulation of phospholipase D was studied in human neuroblastoma cells using phosphatidylethanol as a marker of the enzyme activity. Carbachol induced phospholipase D activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Muscarinic antagonists inhibited the response with potencies suggesting that muscarinic M1 receptors are responsible for the activation. In permeabilized SH-SY5Y cells, both the carbachol- and GTP gamma S-induced Peth formation was inhibited by GDP beta S, indicating that both responses are mediated via a G-protein. The protein kinase C inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide and staurosporine significantly inhibited the carbachol-induced Peth formation whereas H7 had no effect. Thus, the cholinergic activation of phospholipase D in SH-SY5Y cells is probably mediated via a direct receptor-G-protein coupling but an involvement of protein kinase C cannot be excluded. Calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, induced an increase in phosphatidylethanol formation in both SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells. This effect was inhibited by genistein and tyrphostin, indicating a tyrosine kinase dependent pathway for phospholipase D activation in neuroblastoma cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Ethanol and phosphatidylethanol reduce the binding of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to rat cerebellar membranes.

In this study, we have analysed the effect of ethanol and phosphatidylethanol, a unique phospholipid formed only in the presence of ethanol, on the binding of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to rat cerebellar membranes. Rats were intraperitoneally injected daily with 3 g of ethanol/kg body weight for different periods of time. Repeated administration of ethanol induced a reduction in the binding capacity (Bmax) without affecting the affinity constant (Kd). A significant 32% reduction was observed after 21 days of exposure (from control Bmax values of 25 +/- 3 pmol/mg and Kd values of 9 +/- 2 nM). In an in-vitro assay, phosphatidylethanol (500 microM) and phosphatidic acid (500 microM, but no other phospholipids tested, induced a reduction in Bmax (39% and 43%, respectively). The observed effect displayed by phosphatidylethanol was not due to its degradation to phosphatidic acid or other phospholipids. The results emphasize the importance of examining phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a possible mediator of the effects of ethanol on cellular processes. However, the role of PEth in the observed effect of long-term ethanol exposure still needs further consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: Part I--Technique, morphology, and complications.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this two-part study is to give a full account of all patients referred for embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) from 1987 to 1993. This article (Part I of II) presents the patient study, including angiographic features and their relation to the immediate outcome of embolization. METHODS: Of the 192 patients referred, 150 were subsequently treated. Most patients were referred by neurosurgeons, and 85% of the AVMs were Spetzler-Martin Grade > or = 3. We have accounted for the 42 patients who did not undergo embolization. RESULTS: Occlusion from embolization alone (total embolization) was obtained in 13% of patients. Full treatment (total embolization or embolization and then stereotactic radiation or surgery) was achieved in two-thirds of all patients (n = 100, 66%), and combined treatment with stereotactic gamma radiation was the most important part of the treatment strategy. The procedural mortality was 1.3%. The total incidence of complications after embolization was high (40%), but only 6.7% of cases were labeled severe. Of all angiographic features that were considered, large size and the presence of deep feeders were predictors of failure to achieve full treatment. Thirty-four patients with AVMs < 8 cc were included in the study. These could have been irradiated as the sole treatment. In this group of small AVMs, the results of embolization were far better than in the whole group. Fourteen of the AVMs had volumes of < 4 cc, and 10 of these (71%) were totally embolized. One patient had a hemianopsia. Among AVMs 4 to 8 cc in volume (n = 20), the total embolization rate was 15%, the full treatment rate in combination with gamma treatment was 75%, and 10% of the patients were operated on after embolization. Severe complications occurred in 15% of patients, but no complications occurred after November 1990. CONCLUSION: In a series of AVMs, most of which were regarded as unsuitable for surgical excision, two-thirds were reduced to a size suitable for gamma knife treatment or totally occluded by embolization alone. The total complication rate was high, but the combined rate of death and complications affecting lifestyle was 8.0%, equal to approximately 3.2 years of natural history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: Part II--Aspects of complications and late outcome.

OBJECTIVE: From 1987 through 1993, we performed embolizations on 150 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The patients ranged in age from 5 to 70 years (35.5 +/- 14.8 yr, mean +/- standard deviation) and were selected by neurosurgeons in Scandinavia. We analyzed the risk of complications and late outcome to have a better basis for the decision to perform embolization. METHODS: The follow-up was a personal clinical examination of all surviving patients by a neurologist. Files for all patients were also studied. RESULTS: In 34 patients, the AVMs were eliminated by embolization alone (20 patients) or by supplementary surgery (14 patients). In 66 patients, the AVMs were embolized to a size suitable for supplementary stereotactic radiation. The clinical course was stable for those 100 patients. Another group of 50 patients who had undergone embolization was only partially treated, and as a group, those patients had less favorable outcomes. The manifestations or symptoms leading to diagnosis were in concordance with other studies. Headache and epilepsy showed a positive response to treatment in patients whose AVMs had been eliminated as well as in those who received only partial treatment. A history of cerebral bleeding did not influence the prognosis of recurrent bleeding. Conversely, AVMs with feeder or nidus aneurysms were related to an increased risk of bleeding. If there was a history of bleeding in a patient with large, partially treated AVMs, the prognosis for survival was diminished. CONCLUSION: The indication for treatment increases with the occurrence of AVMs with associated aneurysms. For patients with large AVMs, a history of bleeding justifies a more aggressive approach to treatment. The reduced risk of complications during the last years of the study also increases the indication for embolization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cerebral complications after cardiac surgery assessed by S-100 and NSE levels in blood.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the value of blood analysis of the astroglia protein, S-100, and neuron-specific enolase for the detection of nervous system dysfunction after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study. Neurologists blinded from laboratory results. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 38 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: 21 patients were operated for coronary artery disease; seven patients with replacement of the aortic valve of whom 2 also had coronary bypass. Four patients had mitral valve replacement of whom 2 also had coronary bypass. One patient had both aortic and mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass. Two patients were operated on because of aortic arch aneurysm. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Neurologic examinations were performed before and after surgery. General behavior of the patients was repeatedly assessed. Blood samples for analysis were collected before operation and on the second day after surgery. In 8/38 patients (21%), a neurologic complication, one of which was lethal, occurred. In 27 patients (71%), the neurologic outcome was uncomplicated, and in 3 (8%), it could not be classified. Elevated S-100 and neuron-specific enolase levels were found in 7/8 patients who endured a neurologic complication and in 4/27 free of complication. (Fisher's exact test p < 0.001). Positive and negative predictive values were 64% and 96%, respectively. S-100 (range 0.5 to 1.3 micrograms/L) and neuron-specific enolase levels (range 8.6 to 16.7 micrograms/L) were lower for the 7 patients with nonlethal complications than for the patient who died (9.5 micrograms/L and 31.3 micrograms/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: S-100 and neuron-specific enolase levels after cardiac surgery are associated with neurologic complications. The results have implications on patient-related treatment and prognosis as well as for the development of safer perfusion techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Evidence for regional specialization and extrathymic T cell maturation in the human gut epithelium.

The human gut epithelium is a unique immunological compartment, containing substantial amounts of intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) with unknown functions. In this study we show that distinct and unusual subpopulations of IEL are present at different levels of human intestine. IEL phenotypes in normal jejunum, ileum and colon were compared using immunoflow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The expression of mRNA for recombination-activating gene-1 (RAG-1) in IEL from all three levels was compared using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the morphology of IEL in situ was determined using immunoelectron microscopy. Surface marker profiles of isolated intestinal epithelial cells at all three levels were also investigated. On average the proportion of TCR gamma delta IEL was comparable in jejunum than ileum and colon and varied in phenotype with gut level. CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta IEL dominated in colon but were absent in jejunum. CD8+ TCR alpha beta IEL were present at all levels but only in jejunum did they constitute the majority of all IEL. CD4+ TCR alpha beta IEL were present in similar frequencies at all levels of the gut. In general, the majority of IEL had an activated phenotype (CD45RO+, alpha E beta 7+). Furthermore, IEL exhibited phenotypes which are rare in peripheral blood. The thymocyte markers CD1a and CD1c as well as the NK cell marker CD56 were expressed on a fraction of TCR alpha beta and TCR gamma delta IEL. A small population of 'null' cells (CD45+ TCR/CD#-CD20-CD14-CD15- cells) was also present at equal proportions along the gut. Jejunal but not colonic IEL expressed RAG-1 mRNA suggesting that extrathymic T cell maturation occurs in the epithelium of small intestine. RAG-1 was expressed in CD2+TCR/CD3- and CD3+/TCR-IEL. Ultrastructurally, IEL often formed small clusters and intimate contacts with epithelial cells, suggesting cell cooperation within the epithelium. Some IEL had pseudopodium-like extensions penetrating the epithelial basement membrane suggesting transmigration. Epithelial cells in small intestine but not colon expressed heat shock protein 60 and HLA-DR. CD1a, CD1b and CD1c were not expressed on intestinal epithelial cells at any level. The distinct surface marker profiles of IEL and epithelial cells along small and large intestine suggest functional regional specialization and are compatible with the hypothesis that TCR alpha beta IEL participate in immune reactions to lumenal antigens while TCR gamma delta IEL perform surveillance of the epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cytokine profiles for human V gamma 9+ T cells stimulated by Plasmodium falciparum.

V gamma 9+ T cells from malaria non-exposed donors make proliferative responses to Plasmodium falciparum on in vitro stimulation. V gamma 9+ cells are strongly activated by components of the schizont stage of the parasite and by antigens released into the culture upon schizogony, while CD4+V gamma 9- cells are stimulated by the earlier stages of the parasite. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we determined mRNA expression for 14 cytokines in highly purified V gamma 9+ cells enriched by positive selection after in vitro stimulation with P. falciparum schizont antigens. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected in all samples tested. The majority of samples also expressed TNF-beta, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Only occasional samples expressed IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10. Using the ELISPOT assay we found that a large fraction of the reactive V gamma 9+ cells produced IFN-gamma and that gamma delta T cells are the major producers of IFN-gamma in cultures stimulated with schizont antigens. The majority of V gamma 9+ cells in these cultures also express the membrane-bound form of TNF-alpha. Expression of these cytokines speaks for a cytolytic and/or inflammatory role of gamma delta cells in the response to malaria in non-exposed individuals.

Adult↗