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Biomedical subjects

C M Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to C M Boyle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Basic mechanisms of DNA-raised antibody responses to intramuscular and gene gun immunizations.

DNA-raised antibody (Ab) responses have been compared for the dependence on CD4+ and CD8+ cells, the longevity of functional antigen (Ag) expression, and the nature of the Ag-presenting cell after intramuscular (i.m.) and gene gun inoculations. A plasmid expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus was used for immunizations of BALB/c mice. Intramuscular and gene gun-raised Abs had similar dependencies on CD4+ and CD8+ cells but different temporal patterns of functional Ag expression. The two methods of DNA immunization also appeared to have different frequencies or types of Ag-presenting cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleen. For both methods of DNA delivery, Ab was independent of CD8+ cells but dependent on CD4+ cells. The CD4 dependence occurred at priming but not booster immunizations and resulted in a 1-month delay in the Ab response. Temporal T-cell transfers from TCR+/+ mice into immunized TCR-/- mice revealed the persistence of DNA-expressed Ag for up to 1 month after both i.m. and gene gun inoculations. For gene gun, but not i.m. immunizations, approximately 90% of the functional Ag expression was lost by 1 week, consistent with the sloughing of the epidermal target site. Despite similar titers of raised Ab, Ag-presenting dendritic cells could be detected in the draining lymph nodes and spleen of gene gun- but not i.m. DNA-immunized mice. In the gene gun-immunized mice, Ag-presenting dendritic cells appeared in the draining lymph nodes before the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

CT colonography with three-dimensional problem solving for detection of colonic polyps.

OBJECTIVE: We performed CT colonography in patients referred for conventional colonoscopy, interpreted the axial images, and used commercially available software to reconstruct endoluminal perspective views to differentiate polyps from folds. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively examined 44 patients (27 men and 17 women; mean age, 58 years old) with CT colonography by interpreting the axial images and using three-dimensional rendering for problem solving only. The CT scans were interpreted by two radiologists who were unaware of patients' histories as revealed by colonoscopic findings. The findings on colonography were compared with those of conventional colonoscopy to determine sensitivity, specificity, time spent on interpretation, and confidence of interpretation. RESULTS: Colonoscopy showed normal findings in 28 patients and 22 polyps in the remaining 16 patients. Six polyps were 8 mm or larger, three were 5-7 mm, and 13 were 5 mm or smaller. The findings of the two observers revealed an overall sensitivity of 50% and 38%, respectively, and a specificity of 93% and 86%, respectively. Sensitivity for polyps larger than 8 mm was 83% and specificity was 100% for both observers. The average amount of time spent on interpretation was 28 min 30 sec (range, 14-65 min). Both observers used the endoluminal view for differentiating folds from polyps in 23 (52%) of 44 patients, which had only minimal impact on interpretation time. CONCLUSION: CT colonography can be performed and the images interpreted using currently available hardware and software by initially using the axial images to search for polyps of significant size. Endoluminal views should be used only when necessary to help distinguish normal folds from fixed raised lesions that are suggestive of polyps.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed1997

The mesenteric circulation. Anatomy and physiology.

The purpose of this article is to review the angiographic appearance of the major visceral arteries, the more common variants, their embryologic origins, and some of the most common sources of collateral flow. A brief review of the physiology of the mesenteric circulation is also provided, including a discussion of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of splanchnic blood flow control.

Angiography↗
PubMed1996

DNA vaccines.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Role of different lymphoid tissues in the initiation and maintenance of DNA-raised antibody responses to the influenza virus H1 glycoprotein.

Antibody responses in mice immunized by a single gene gun inoculation of plasmid expressing the influenza virus H1 hemagglutinin and in mice immunized by a sublethal H1 influenza virus infection have been compared. Both immunizations raised long-lived serum responses that were associated with the localization of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) to the bone marrow. However, the kinetics of these responses were 4 to 8 weeks slower in the DNA-immunized than in the infection-primed mice. Following a gene gun booster, the presence of ASC in the inguinal lymph nodes, but not in other lymph nodes, revealed gene gun responses being initiated in the nodes that drain the skin target site. Both pre- and postchallenge, the DNA-immunized mice had 5- to 10-times-lower levels of antibody and ASC than the infection-primed mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Angioplasty and intravascular stents in peripheral vascular disease.

Advances in the technique as well as the technology of percutaneous angioplasty over the past 30 years have allowed the percutaneous treatment of many vascular lesions that previously required operative management. PTA, and more recently intravascular stents, have been shown to be effective, safe, and, in some cases, more cost effective than surgical options. Although patients need to be appropriately selected to optimize the treatment plan in individual cases, it is clear that percutaneous treatment, either alone or in combination with surgical procedures, offers a significant advancement in patient care. The success in treating iliac disease is perhaps the most convincing, but evidence is rapidly building to support infrapopliteal procedures, and, as further advances are made in technology, the role of such procedures in distal vessels may be expanded to include more patients. These procedures need to be prospectively evaluated not only for their efficacy, long-term result, and safety, but also for their cost-effectiveness and cost relative to the proven surgical options.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Sampling events in space and time: a case study of burn injuries.

We describe the sampling plan used to estimate the number of burn injuries seen at emergency departments of hospitals in New England. We present the rationale for each of the options considered and the implications of each. The chosen plan included all 256 hospitals, but used a different systematic one-day-in-ten sample for each of ten subgroupings of the hospitals. The findings suggest that over 47,000 injuries or almost 400 per 100,000 population were seen at New England Emergency Departments in a 1-year period. This incidence is 60 per cent higher than pre-project estimates would have suggested. From the variability of the data in the sample, we calculate that our estimate is probably no more than 3 per cent under or over the 'correct' rate that would have been obtained by a full non-sampling approach, costing almost 10 times as much. Additional support for our strong belief in the accuracy of the sample-based estimate is provided by the fact that if we had used the same sampling approach to estimate the number of hospitalized burn injuries, our estimate would have been in error by only 124 or 4 per cent from the total 3276 obtained by 100 per cent sampling of hospitalization records.

Burns↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of work-related burn injuries in Massachusetts requiring hospitalization.

To describe the epidemiology of hospitalized, work-related burns among Massachusetts residents aged 16 years or older, 825 Massachusetts residents who were burned between 1 July 1978 and 30 June 1979, and who were treated as hospital inpatients in any of 240 New England hospitals, were studied. Two hundred forty (29%) of the 825 identified burns were known to be work-related. Our findings suggest that the workplace is a major contributor to hospitalized burn injury among employed males, accounting for 60% of their burns. Young workers and black workers experienced the highest rates of burning, with rates two and four times higher than their older and white counterparts, respectively. Scalds were the most common type of work-related burn injury for individuals in each age category, accounting for 45% of the burns overall.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

Hospitalized burn injuries in Massachusetts: an assessment of incidence and product involvement.

We assessed the frequency of hospitalized burn injuries in Massachusetts, and product involvement in causing burns, by reviewing the hospital inpatient records and emergency room logbooks for 240 of New England's 256 acute-care hospitals. Children less than two years of age, males, and Blacks experienced higher burns rates than did older individuals, females, or Whites. Products frequently associated with burn injuries included those involved in food preparation and consumption, flammable liquids, and clothing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Consumer products and hospitalized burn injuries among elderly Massachusetts residents.

This study is based on data for Massachusetts residents who were burned between July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1979 and who were treated as hospital inpatients in any of the 240 hospitals participating in the New England Regional Burn Program. Demographic information and information regarding the nature of the burn injury and consumer products involved were obtained by review of the medical record for each case. One hundred seven (9%) of the 1237 burn victims identified were aged 65 years or older, yielding a burn incidence rate equal to 15.5 burns per 100,000 person-years compared with a rate of 23.8 burns per 100,000 person-years for younger Massachusetts residents. The burn mortality rate for the elderly who survived long enough to be hospitalized was 2.6 deaths per 100,000 person-years compared with a rate of 0.4 deaths per 100,000 person-years for younger individuals. For survivors, the average length of hospital stay for elderly victims was 28.6 days compared with 12.0 days for younger individuals. Clothing ignition, stoves and ovens, smoking materials, and bathroom showers and tubs contributed significantly to the causes of burning among the elderly. In addition, evidence was found suggesting that elderly patients receive medical care relatively later after injury, thus considerably complicating their illness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Indices of left ventricular systolic function derived by computer analysis of digitised M-mode echocardiograms.

In order to determine the value of computer-assisted analysis of echocardiograms we digitised 980 M-mode studies in normal subjects and patients with pressure and volume overload and heart muscle disease to derive left ventricular dimensions (D), peak systolic rate of change of dimension, normalized for instantaneous dimension (dD/dt/D), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) and percentage fractional shortening (%FS). The systolic phase indices which, in these patients averaged greater than normal in those with aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lower than normal in those with aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis and dilated cardiomyopathy, were closely related to each other in all categories of patients. Measurement of % FS appears to describe left ventricular function as well as the more complex indices (mean Vcf, peak dD/dt/D).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Diflunisal compared with naproxen in chronic polyarthritis. Double-blind study].

Diflunisal, a new analgesic/anti-inflammatory monosubstance, has been compared with naproxen in a double-blind study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In doses of 1 g diflunisal daily and 750 mg naproxen daily both therapies resulted in significant improvements in subjective and objective parameters measured - day and night pain, morning stiffness, Ritchie index, grip strength, and doctor and patient assessment of overall effect. Side effects were uncommon and of little significance in the diflunisal-treated patients, whereas two patients in the naproxen group were dropped from the study because of clinically significant drug-related side effects. It is concluded that diflunisal should be a very useful addition to the therapies currently available.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The efficacy and tolerance of cefoxitin in the treatment of paediatric infections.

Eleven paediatric patients ranging in age from 7 weeks to 7 years were treated with intravenous cefoxitin for a variety of moderate or severe infections. All identifiable pathogens were sensitive to cefoxitin and the clinical outcome for every patient was regarded as a cure. Cefoxitin was well tolerated by all patients, the institution of therapy being associated in many cases with a rapid improvement in clinical condition.

Bacterial Infections↗