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Biomedical subjects

C M Chuka-Okosa

Publications and source records attributed to C M Chuka-Okosa.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tuberculosis and the eye.

OBJECTIVES: 1. To refresh knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of ocular tuberculosis; 2. To highlight the ocular complication of tuberculosis. METHOD: Through an internet search and review of current literature on tuberculosis and its ocular complications, the information relevant to the objectives was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: TB can affect any structure in the eye and adnexae. Ocular TB is not easy to diagnose because most times there is no concurrent active systemic tuberculosis. However, once TB is confirmed, treatment is generally the same as for systemic TB. Topical steroids are given in addition, in cases like phlyctenulosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of ocular TB can prevent blindness or severe ocular morbidity. With the growing epidemic of HIV and the consequent increased risk of developing TB, ophthalmologist and eye care workers are, therefore, advised to heighten their suspicion of ocular TB.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

Types of Glaucoma and recent trends applied in treatment: Observations from a Glaucoma Training Workshop in the Gambia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine types of glaucoma seen and the recent trends applied in treatment, a retrospective non-comparative case-series study was conducted in the Eye Unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia. METHODS: The records of the 88 patients(145 eyes) seen during the glaucoma training workshop(organised by Prof.James Standefer, a clinical ophthalmologist from Minneapolis, U.S.A.) which held between 3rd and 14th of September, 2001, were analysed for types of glaucoma and treatment given. All but one patient who was a baby underwent the following tests: visual acuity measurement using the illiterate E-Chart with multiple optotypes; tonometry using the Schiotz tonometer with the 5.5g weight; oblique flashlight test; Van Herrick's estimation of the angle depth; pupillary reactions to light; Slitlamp biomicroscopy; gonioscopy using the 4-mirror pressure gonioprism; fundoscopy using the +78D Volk lens and confrontational visual field analysis. RESULTS: 27 eyes did not have definite glaucoma. Out of the remaining 118 eyes, 65(55.08%) had POAG;17(14.41%)ACG out of which 8 were CACG and 2 acute ACG. 8 eyes had pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule with or without glaucoma. In the frail and elderly, guttae Timoptol 0.5% was given once daily. 27 eyes had trabeculectomy; all were with releasable sutures and intraoperative application of 5-Fluorouracil. 3 eyes had laser trabeculoplasty and 5, diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: POAG was the commonest type of glaucoma seen. Pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule with or without glaucoma and ACG are not very rare in The Gambia. In the frail and elderly, guttae Timoptol 0.5% was given once daily and none at all in painless glaucoma-blind eyes. Trabeculectomy with releasable sutures and intraoperative application of 5-FU has a very satisfactory pressure-lowering effect. KEYWORDS: glaucoma; treatment; the Gambia.

Gambia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Refractive errors among students of a postprimary institution in a rural community in south-eastern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and types of refractive errors seen among students of Girls' Secondary School, Akegbe Ugwu in Nkanu West Local Government area of Enugu State, Nigeria. METHODS: A questionnaire documented the students' personal data, their chief complaints and past ocular history. This was followed by unaided visual acuity assessment then assessment with pinhole, anterior segment examination, fundoscopy, non-cycloplegic objective and subjective refraction in those found to have an unaided visual acuity of less than 6/9 in either eye and improved vision with pinhole. RESULTS: A total of 355 students aged 12 -21 years was tested. Out of these, 9 (2.53%) had uncorrected vision worse than 6/9 in either or both eyes. Uncorrected refractive error accounted for the reduced vision in 7 cases 5 of which were myopia. CONCLUSION: There is a prevalence of refractive error of 1.97 % among students of this rural girls' secondary school in South-Eastern Nigeria. The low prevalence of myopia (1.4%) found agrees with the report that, though the most common refractive cause of visual impairment globally, it is relatively rarer in Africans.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital eye anomalies in Enugu, South-Eastern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the types of congenital ocular anomalies seen in the eye clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, over an 8-year period from January 1992 to December 1999. METHOD: In a retrospective non-comparative case-series study, the records of all patients with congenital ocular anomalies seen between January 1992 and December 1999, were analysed for types of anomalies, aetiology, sex and ages at presentation of all patients. RESULTS: A total of 54 cases were analysed: 25 females; 29 males (M:F = 1: 1.2). Congenital cataract was the most frequently occurring congenital ocular anomaly (42.6%); followed by congenital glaucoma (22.2%) and anophthalmia/microphthalmia and congenital esotropia (9.3%) each. CONCLUSION: In spite of the limitations of this study our findings are similar to those in other studies.

Child↗