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Biomedical subjects

C M Clifford

Publications and source records attributed to C M Clifford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Mechanisms of global support and posttraumatic enophthalmos: I. The anatomy of the ligament sling and its relation to intramuscular cone orbital fat.

The mechanisms of posttraumatic enophthalmos were evaluated to determine the interrelation between fat and ligaments in globe support. Anatomic studies demonstrate that the ligaments form an essential "sling" framework for the globe but are alone insufficient to maintain the globe's full forward position. Removal of extramuscular fat in cadavers and in patients undergoing blepharoplasty did not significantly change globe position. Loss of intramuscular cone fat (atrophy or displacement) in cadavers and patients produced enophthalmos. Fat atrophy is not a prominent feature in most patients with posttraumatic enophthalmos. Some loss of intramuscular cone fat from displacement outside the muscle cone is frequently present. The principal mechanism, however, of posttraumatic enophthalmos involves a displacement and change in the shape of orbital soft tissue. Loss of bone and ligament support permits posterior displacement and a reshaping of orbital soft tissue under the influence of gravity and the remodeling forces of fibrous scar contracture. The shape of the retrobulbar orbital contents changes from a modified cone to a sphere, and the globe sinks backward and downward. Given that the volume of orbital soft tissue is constant following trauma, procedures to restore the shape and position of the orbital soft tissue by mobilization and bone reconstruction will correct or significantly improve enophthalmos.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

The Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae of Argas ticks (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). Subgenera Secretargas and Ogadenus.

Adults of the Argas subgenera Secretargas (3 species) and Ogadenus (1 species) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. In each species, the anterior pit and Haller's organ are situated in a large dorsal hump of Tarsus I and the 9 setae of the anterior pit are characteristic of the genus Argas in structure and numbers. In A. (S.) transgariepinus, an Ethiopian-Palearctic crevice-dwelling parasite of bats, the Haller's organ capsule roof is solid with a slitlike transverse aperture. In A. (S.) hoogstraali and A. (S.) echinops, Malagasy soil-dwelling parasites of Oplurus (Varanidae) lizards and the hedgehog-tenrec (Insectivora: Tenrecidae), respectively, the Haller's organ is virtually unroofed but partially screened by arborescent dorsal projections from the posterior wall of the capsule, and the open capsule contains numerous fine pleomorphs. In A. (O.) brumpti, a soil-dwelling parasite of the hyrax (Procavia), other terrestrial mammals, and lizards in the Ethiopian Region, the capsule is also virtually unroofed and contains numerous fine pleomorphs. The unroofed capsule is probably phylogenetically primitive and occurs only in these 3 and 2 other Argas species. The soil microhabitat (in Argas confined to 3 of the 4 species recorded here), and the reptile or ancient mammal hosts of these 3 species, as well as the zoogeographical isolation of 2 of the species in the Malagasy Region, are distinctive in this genus of 56 species. The interrelationships between an unroofed Haller's organ capsule and unusual biological properties remain to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bat ticks of the genus Argas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). 13. Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae in Carios and Chiropterargas.

Adults of 4 of the 6 species constituting the subgenus Carios and of 3 of the 4 species constituting the subgenus Chiropterargas were studied by scanning electron microscopy. All species parasitize Old World cave-dwelling insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera). The anterior pit setae number 10 in Carios and 10 or 11 in Chiropterargas. In most Carios, the setiform seta is replaced by a second serrate seta. In 2 of the 3 studied Chiropterargas species, 1 of the 2 grooved setae is exceptionally long. Porose setae number 3 in Carios and 3 or 4 in Chiropterargas. The Haller's organ roof in both subgenera is solid, lacking perforations; the aperture is narrowly transverse in Carios, irregularly wide or wide and transverse in Chiropterargas; uniquely, 1 or 2 sensilla protrude from the aperture of Chiropterargas species. The protruding sensilla and long grooved seta of Chiropterargas suggest a probably distinctive sensory-behavior pattern common to these ticks. Other morphological characters are discussed and compared to show relationships between these 2 subgenera and the subgenera Argas and Persicargas and distinctive characters present only in adult and/or larval Carios and Chiropterargas.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 18. Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae.

Adults of 18 of the 22 species constituting the subgenus Argas, which parasitize birds nesting and resting in rocky habitats in each faunal region of the world (15 species) or in trees (e species) (2 Neotropical, 1 Nearctic), were studies by SEM. In each except three Neotropical species, the nine setae of the anterior pit of tarsus I are arranged in an anterior group (1 serrate, 1 setiform, 1 conical) and a posterior group (2 fine, e porose, 2 grooved), or the two groups are more or less confluent. Abnormally, additional setae may occur on one or both tarsi of a single specimen. In one Neotropical species, only the three anterior group setae are present. In three Neotropical species, only these three setae and a fourth seta are present (whether 6 or 5 additional setae are concealed within the tarsal structure should be investigated). The Haller's organ capsule is entirely open (unroofed) (3 species), roofed posteriorly and open anteriorly (7 species), or mostly roofed by a plate which is pierced by one large aperture and by more or less numerous, small, or medium-sized perforations (8 species plus one other not studied by use). This study suggests that the structure of Haller's organ has evolved in different lines in response to a multiplicity of biologic al factors related to the behavior and habitat of individual species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 38. Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae in Persicargas and Microargas.

Adults of 13 of the 17 species constituting the subgenus Persicargas (parasitizing birds nesting in trees) and the single species of the subgenus Microargas (parasitizing the Galapagos giant tortoise) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The setae of the anterior pit of tarsus I number nine(1 serrate, 1 setiform, 1 conical, 2 fine, 2 porose, 2 grooved) in Persicargas. The single, serrate seta arises from an anterior section of the pit, the other eight setae arise from a posterior section. Abnormally, fewer or more setae occur on one or both tarsi of a single specimen. The setal arrangement is similar in Microargas, but the total number is eight (setiform seta absent). The capsule roof of Haller's organ in Persicargas is typically flat and platelike with a circular central aperture and few to moderately numerous small perforations. Thus, this roof is more solid than in other subgenera of Argas, except in Microargas and subgenera associated with cave-dwelling bats (Carios and Chiropterargas). The roof structure is quite variable in samples of A. (P). radiatus. The roofs of two Persicargas species differ from the typical pattern, the A. (P.) minatus roof is more extensively perforated and in some specimens of A. (P.) streptopedia the roof is netlike. The Microargas roof, on a sloping surface bounded by a transverse anterior groove, is more solid than those of Argas and has a circular aperture surrounded by small perforations. The biological implications of these structural properties should be investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Observations on the subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea: argasidae: Argas). 17. Argas (A.) polonicus sp. n. parasitizing domestic pigeons in Krakow, Poland.

Argas (A.) polonicus sp. n. is described from males, females, nymphs, and larvae from the steeple tower of St. Mary's Church, Karkow, Poland, where it feeds on domestic rock pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin. This species is related to the widely distributed Eurasian A. (A.) vulgaris Filippova and to certain other species of the eastern area of the Palearctic Faunal Region; it differs distinctly from A. (A.) reflexus (Fabricius) of western Europe. Comparative study under the light microscope. and especially under the scanning electron microscope, reveals numerous structural differences in adult and immature stages of these species, chiefly in the Haller's organ roof of each stage, adult body shape and integumental formations, dental formulae, and setal lengths and numbers on the larval dorsum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) capensis group (Acarina: Ixodoidea: Argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. O. (A.) coniceps identity, bird and mammal hosts, virus infections, and distribution in Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) coniceps (Canestrini 1890), which was briefly described from adult specimens from St. Mark's Cathedral, Venice, Italy, has been a confusing taxon. We redescribe and illustrate the adult and immature stages from St. Mark's Cathedral (topotypes) and elsewhere, list criteria to distinguish this species from others in the O. (A.) capensis complex, and provide data for 36 collections, chiefly from nest sites of wild and domestic pigeons in humid, rocky situations, and from a nest of the pallid swift, in Italy, France, Egypt, Kenya, Israel, Jordan, Afghanistan, Ukrainia, and Turkmenia. Other collections of small-sized adults and nymphs, lacking larvae, from pigeon, swallow, and swift nest in Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka, are tentatively assigned to this taxon. This is the only member of the O. (A.) capensis group not associated with marine or wading birds. Humans bitten by O. (A.) coniceps in buildings or caves may suffer from pain, edema, chills, and fever. BAku virus (Reoviridae) has been isolated from this tick in Uzbekistan, but most reports of other viruses and infectious agents are clouded by probable misidentification of O. (A.) maritimus as O. (A. coniceps. Published data on the life cycle and dynamics are reviewed briefly. Previously, this tick has not been reported from the Ethiopian Faunal Region (Kenya).

Africa↗