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Biomedical subjects

C M Macfarlane

Publications and source records attributed to C M Macfarlane.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Neonatal pancreatic function in infants born to mothers with gestational and overt diabetes.

Neonatal pancreatic function was assessed in infants born to non-diabetic mothers and to mothers with well-controlled gestational diabetes (GD) and overt diabetes (OD) using cord blood C-peptide estimations and the calculation of cord C-peptide/glucose ratios. Exaggerated pancreatic function was present in infants born to mothers with GD. In these infants the increased cord C-peptide values and cord C-peptide/glucose ratios correlated with their increased birth weight ratios. These results could not be explained on the basis of maternal hyperglycaemia and a possible intrinsic difference in pancreatic response between infants born to mothers with GD and those born to mothers with OD is suggested.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Methylprednisolone and the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Total hip replacement was carried out on 22 patients under general anaesthesia. Of these, 10 were pretreated with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg); 1 of these developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and had high levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) 5 minutes after fixation of the femoral prosthesis and at the end of the operation. The other 12 patients served as controls; 5 of them developed ARDS and had statistically significant higher TXB2 levels than the other 7 control patients who remained well. All patients who did not develop ARDS had low TXB2 levels. TXB2 and beta-thromboglobulin levels followed the same trend and there was good correlation (r=0,6806; P less than 0,01) at the end of the operation in the control group patients who developed ARDS. There was no statistical difference in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels between the patients who developed ARDS and those in the control group who remained well. Steroids reduce arachidonic acid metabolism by inhibiting the release of substrate for cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase activity. Patients prone to ARDS thus benefit from methylprednisolone administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The bromide partition test and CSF adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis in children.

Bromide partition tests were performed on 58 children with suspected tuberculous meningitis (TBM). CSF adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) was measured at the same time. Four of the 33 patients with a final diagnosis of TBM had false-negative bromide partition ratios and 5 had false-negative CSF ADA levels. One of the 25 patients in whom TBM was excluded had a false-positive ratio and 4 had false-positive CSF ADA levels. The difference between the two tests was not significant. Both provide valuable evidence for or against a diagnosis of TBM.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1982

A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for Ascaris lumbricoides.

An antigen from Ascaris lumbricoides obtained from infected humans has been prepared which can be used for detecting immune response to Ascaris using the skin-prick test. A comparison of immune skin responses between this antigen and the commercial (Bencard) Ascaris suum antigen has been made and a RAST technique for the in vitro detection of specific IgE to Ascaris lumbricoides has been developed using the Lumbricoides antigen. A correlation between skin-prick test and RAST determinations and between RAST and total serum IgE antibodies has been demonstrated. The correlation of RAST results and serum IgE levels agreed with the division of the patients into two classes-allergic and non-allergic-on the basis of clinical criteria for allergy.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Food allergy - a definition.

Routine radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) were plotted as the percentage binding to specific RAST allergen discs versus serum IgE levels. Patients with a positive result on testing with food allergen discs were divided into those responding to food allergen discs only and those responding to food and other allergen discs. This division parallels that found in patients infested with Ascaris lumbricoides when a RAST for A. lumbricoides is carried out. It is suggested that the term 'food allergy' be reserved for those patients giving a polyclonal IgE response to ingested food.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Galactosaemia in three Rhodesian infants.

The clinically relevant types of genetic galactosaemia involve deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.12) or galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6). Specific diagnosis is made by quantitative assay of these two enzymes. Seven Black patients were referred from Harare Hospital, Rhodesia, with features suggestive of galactosaemia. Enzyme assay identified classic homozygous transferase deficiency in 3 of these patients. The incidence in this population was calculated to be 1:52 000.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗