PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C M Milroy

Publications and source records attributed to C M Milroy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Sudden death due to a glial cyst of the pineal gland.

Asymptomatic cysts of the pineal gland are found frequently by radiological examination of the brain or at postmortem examination. Symptomatic cysts are rare, and may require surgical intervention. Sudden death due to a cystic lesion of the pineal gland is very rare. A case of a 22 year old man who collapsed and died unexpectedly is reported. Postmortem examination revealed a glial cyst of the pineal gland and evidence of chronic obstructive hydrocephalus. Deaths from colloid cysts and pineal gland cysts are rare, but should be considered where no other cause of death is evident, especially with a history of headaches. Their small size, and their possible rupture on dissection can make them difficult to detect if a careful examination is not undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Necropsy study of the association between sudden cardiac death, cardiac isoenzymes and contraction band necrosis.

AIMS: To assess whether a quantitative analysis of myocardial contraction bands could aid the postmortem identification of early myocardial infarction, especially if used in conjunction with cardiac isoenzyme activities. METHODS: Sixty four coroner's necropsies were grouped by gross and histological findings into 26 cases of definite non-cardiac death, 12 cases of definite myocardial infarction and 26 cases in which there was occlusive coronary artery atheroma, but no demonstrable evidence of infarction. Using multiple sections of left ventricular myocardium stained with Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin, the number of myocardial cells containing contraction bands per unit area was quantified. The results were analysed statistically using logistic regression, and were then compared and combined with results from the statistical analysis of postmortem cardiac isoenzymes that had recently been undertaken on the same cases. RESULTS: The number of cells containing contraction bands per unit area was higher in cases of definite myocardial infarction compared with those of non-cardiac deaths. In addition, cases of occlusive coronary artery atheroma only could be identified, indicating the presence of early myocardial infarction. The accuracy of this identification could be improved by combining these results with the results from the statistical analysis of postmortem cardiac isoenzymes. CONCLUSION: The quantitative assessment of myocardial contraction band necrosis can provide useful additional information in cases of sudden death, where myocardial infarction is suspected but not identified on routine histological staining. The value of the information obtained is increased when used in conjunction with the postmortem measurement of cardiac isoenzyme activities.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1996

Mucosal adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The lesion is histologically distinctive and it is usually localized on the skin of the head and neck region; it only rarely involves the mucosal sites. The differential diagnoses include adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The biologic behavior of this neoplasm is more aggressive when it involves mucosal areas, and the prognosis seems worse than that of conventional squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

The epidemiology of homicide-suicide (dyadic death).

The national and international rates of homicide and homicide-suicide (dyadic death) have been studied by examination of the available literature. The rates of homicide-suicide episodes between different countries showed considerable variation, though not as great as overall homicide rates. Despite the variation the features of the episodes were similar, with a man usually killing his spouse and/or children with a firearm. The commonest motive for killing is jealousy and/or revenge, often as the result of a breakdown in the spousal relationship.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Deaths from methadone use.

All deaths from methadone poisoning occurring between 1991 and 1994 in Sheffield, UK, were studied. There were 18 deaths: 17 adults (14 men, 3 women), age range of 17-45 years (mean 29), and a 3-year-old female child. Blood methadone concentrations ranged from 200 microg/l to 1863 microg/l (mean 560 microg/l). Multiple drug use was common. Ten people had been prescribed methadone, whilst eight had obtained their methadone illegally. Only 3 people were long-term methadone users. The others were probably first time users or recently new to methadone programmes. Two, including the child, were apparently forced to drink methadone. Methadone is a potent drug with serious side-effects. Naïve users are particularly at risk of death. Toxic effects may be delayed, allowing large amounts to be ingested, giving both user and medical practitioner a false sense of security. Caution should be exercised when prescribing to new patients in methadone programmes. Controlled administration of methadone may prevent overdosage and ingestion by those to whom it is not prescribed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Sudden death in elderly women with Fabry's disease.

We report two cases of elderly women who died unexpectedly. In both cases, light- and electron-microscopical examination proved a diagnosis of Fabry's disease. The major pathological changes were myocardial mottling, foamy vacuolation of myocytes and glomerular endothelial cells, and characteristic lamellar inclusions. Neither woman had either a personal or family history of Fabry's disease. Fabry's disease presenting as sudden death is very rare. We present the findings in two cases together with a review of literature particularly relevant to the cardiovascular system.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Laryngeal paraganglioma versus atypical carcinoid tumor.

Paraganglioma and atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx are two neuroendocrine neoplasms that have often been confused in the past, and even in the present, in the literature. The clinicopathological profile of the two lesions is presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. A correct diagnosis is of paramount importance, since treatment and prognosis depend on diagnostic accuracy and differ for the two lesions. Paraganglioma of the larynx is usually benign, whereas atypical carcinoid tumor is malignant and has an aggressive clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck.

Immunohistochemistry is important in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck, particularly in the differential diagnosis of the various neuroendocrine neoplasms, although the results of staining should never be interpreted alone, but together with conventional histopathologic findings. It is emphasized that there are currently no markers capable of distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors. A correct diagnosis is of paramount importance, since treatment depends on the diagnostic accuracy and prognosis is naturally related substantially to the phenotype.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1995

Reasons for homicide and suicide in episodes by dyadic death in Yorkshire and Humberside.

Fifty-two episodes of homicide-suicide were examined to determine the reasons behind the episodes. Forty-nine of the assailants were male. The major reason for homicide-suicide was breakdown in a relationship (46%), the victim usually being the spouse. Mental illness was the second commonest reason (21%). Physical ill health (11%) and financial stress (10%) were important reasons in older couples. Criminal behaviour was the reason in 11% of cases. Alcohol was detected in 15 (29%) of assailants, with 10 (19%) having a blood-alcohol level over 100mg/100ml. The results are compared with other published studies.

Female↗
PubMed1995

The coroner's system and under-reporting of suicide.

This study investigates the under-reporting of suicide with particular reference to differences between sex and age groups and the various modes of suicide. The study was performed retrospectively using the files of H M Coroner for South Yorkshire (West) over the years 1985 to 1991. There were 536 deaths judged on the balance of probability to be suicidal in nature. Only 60 per cent of these deaths received a suicide verdict and would therefore register in official suicide statistics. A significantly smaller proportion of females (51.7 per cent) received a suicide verdict than males (64.5 per cent). Of the young females (< 45) 61.7 per cent were given a suicide verdict compared to 46.6 per cent of older females (45+). These differences are explained by different preferences for mode of suicide, in particular for poisoning using solids or liquids. Only 40 per cent of cases within this category received a suicide verdict. Drowning showed an even smaller percentage (24 per cent). Self-immolation (42 per cent) and jumping from a height (51 per cent) were also under-represented. Of these, self-poisoning, drowning and jumping from a height were relatively popular among females. In contrast, common causes of death favoured predominantly by males--hanging and carbon monoxide poisoning--received a high percentage of suicide verdicts (81 per cent and 90 per cent). Thus official suicide statistics produce a distorted view of the suicide population with relative under-reporting of females, particularly older females, and marked under-reporting of some causes of death, notably poisoning using solids or liquids, drowning, self-immolation and jumping from a height.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Turks and Kurds.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1994

Violent suicide in South Yorkshire, England.

Differences in the characteristics of those individuals choosing violent methods of suicide in South Yorkshire were studied. With the exception of jumping from a height, these methods were more frequently used by males, with a particular male predominance in deaths due to self-immolation, railway collision, hanging, firearms, and electrocution. The most potentially painful/disfiguring methods of suicide, jumping from a height, self-immolation, and railway deaths, were favored by the young. Drowning, stabbing and cutting and electrocution were common among the elderly. Severe mental illness was common amongst those choosing some of the most painful or disfiguring modes of death (jumping from a height; self-immolation; cutting/stabbing and road traffic "accidents") particularly when compared to the principal alternative of hanging. The same group of causes of death was associated with a high proportion of individuals who had previously attempted suicide. Severe mental illness was not so obviously a feature of the railway or firearm deaths. Hanging represented more than half the cases included in the study and showed a sex ratio of over 4 to 1 in favor of males. However, all seven individuals of non-European origin, six of whom were female, chose to hang themselves. Whereas half of the females aged under 40 jumped from a height, hanging was the method of choice in the age group 40 to 59. Among males, hanging was particularly favored by those with what might be considered an impulsive reason for suicide, namely, the end of a relationship with a member of the opposite sex. A high proportion of these were intoxicated with alcohol and a high proportion left a suicide note.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Homicide followed by suicide (dyadic death) in Yorkshire and Humberside.

In England and Wales 5-10 per cent of homicides are followed by the suicide of the assailant. Fifty-two episodes of homicide-suicide occurring in Yorkshire and Humberside have been studied. Forty-nine of the assailants were male with a mean age of 49 years. There were 65 victims, who were usually the spouse and/or children of the killer. Shooting was the most frequent method of killing and subsequent suicide. The results are compared with other homicide statistics and previously published studies of homicide-suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Firearm deaths in Yorkshire and Humberside.

Firearm fatalities occurring in Yorkshire and Humberside between 1975-1991 were examined; 130 cases were found, 64 were homicides, 55 suicides and 11 were accidental or unclassifiable. All but two of the suicides were men. Shotguns were the most frequent weapon used in both suicides and homicides. Of the 55 suicides, 17 were by men who had murdered before committing suicide. In 15 of these cases the assailants knew their victims. The other two cases involved murder of police officers. These cases were mostly with shotguns. In both homicide and suicide, rifled weapons and handguns were infrequently used. Most suicides and homicides occurred at home. Alcohol was again shown to be a significant factor in suicides. Overall firearms account for less than 10% of homicides in England and Wales and less than 5% of suicides in men and is most unusual in women.

Adolescent↗