Certification of oncology nurses: a history.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Certification↗
Biomedical subjects
C M Murphy
Publications and source records attributed to C M Murphy.
Marital violence before and after alcoholism treatment.
The prevalence and frequency of marital violence were assessed for 88 male alcoholics and their wives at entry to and 1 year after completing a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) program. In the year before BMT, both the alcoholics and their wives had a significantly and substantially higher prevalence and frequency of marital violence than reported by a demographically matched, nonalcoholic comparison sample. Although violence decreased significantly in prevalence and frequency in the year after BMT, it remained significantly elevated relative to the matched controls when the entire sample of alcoholics was considered. However, extent of violence after BMT was significantly associated with the alcoholics' drinking outcome status: After treatment, remitted alcoholics no longer had elevated marital violence levels whereas relapsed alcoholics did. Implications for understanding the marital violence and alcoholism connection and cautions that should be exercised in interpreting the results are discussed.
Adult↗
Multiple cutaneous myxomas. Report of a case without other elements of Carney's complex.
An 11-year-old hispanic female was referred for evaluation of multiple asymptomatic papules which had slowly developed since age two. The patient had no significant medical history and no family members, including an older sibling, were similarly affected. Physical examination revealed multiple 2-6 mm flesh-colored to erythematous papules over the posterior scalp, trunk, and extremities, predominantly in a midline distribution. No lentigines, blue nevi, or evidence of endocrine ab-normalities were noted. Echocardiogram was normal with no evidence of myxoma. Six cutaneous biopsies showed myxomas, as evidenced by well-circumscribed dermal tumors composed of stellate, dendritic cells embedded in a mucinous stroma. Special stains and electron microscopy confirmed the H&E finding. Immunoperoxidase staining for Factor XIIIa was positive in the dendritic tumor cells, suggesting a relationship with dermal dendrocytes. This patient represents a case of multiple cutaneous myxomas without other components of Carney's complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and a variety of uncommon tumors. A long-term follow-up is indicated since some of the above cited elements of the syndrome could appear over time.
Back↗
What rationale did the ONCC Board of Directors use to decide the eligibility criteria for the Advanced Oncology Nursing Certification Examination?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Certification↗
Dependency characteristics of partner assaultive men.
Men who had physically assaulted female partners (PA group; N = 24) were compared with maritally discordant nonviolent men (DNV group; N = 24) and happily married nonviolent men (HNV group; N = 24) on measures of dependency and related constructs. PA men reported higher interpersonal dependency, higher spouse-specific dependency, and lower self-esteem than both contrast groups, but did not differ significantly on a measure of jealously. Data reduction indicated two constructs underlying these measures: perceived personal inadequacy and emotional investment in the primary relationship. PA men were high on both, while DNV men had moderate perceived inadequacy and low emotional investment and HNV men had low perceived inadequacy and high emotional investment. The findings support the clinical observation that interpersonal dependency is an important factor in the motivational dynamics of relationship violence.
Adult↗
The prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomaviruses and cervical dysplasia in Alaska Native women.
Alaska Native women historically have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and invasive cervical cancer. Their prevalence of cervical infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to cervical dysplasia was determined with a commercial dot hybridization test for seven HPV genotypes. Type-specific HPV DNA, similarly distributed between genotype groups 16/18 and 31/33/35, was detected in 234 cervical specimens (21%) from 1126 Alaska Native women seeking routine care and colposcopy or from population-based lists. The prevalence of HPV DNA declined with age and increased with sexual activity and cigarette smoking. It was unrelated to use of oral contraceptives or condoms or to STDs. Relative risks associating HPV with increasing severe grades of cervical dysplasia increased markedly with HPV infection, up to 7.1 for high-risk genotypes 16/18 and 14.4 for coinfection with 31/33/35. These genotypes were detected in 8% of women without dysplasia seeking routine care. Screening for strain-specific HPV DNA may identify women at highest risk for cervical neoplasia.
Adolescent↗
Antitrust enforcement encourages health care providers to cooperate procompetitively.
A review of significant administrative and judicial rulings in antitrust law during 1993 shows that the antitrust laws should not impede innovative, cost-cutting cooperative arrangements among providers, so long as their actual or potential procompetitive benefits are not outweighed by their anticompetitive effects.
Antitrust Laws↗
Treating perpetrators of adult domestic violence.
This article reviews the emerging research on domestic violence offenders. A number of psychological and behavioral factors are correlated with battery, including pervasive psychological abuse, alcohol problems, violence in the family of origin, emotional insecurity, and features of antisocial and borderline personality disorders. Youthfulness, low socioeconomic status, and low educational attainment are also correlated with marital violence, yet it is common in all demographic groups. Research on the effectiveness of counseling for domestic violence perpetrators is quite limited. Some studies have shown that counseling adds significantly to the effects of arrest in reducing domestic violence. High recidivism rates are common, however, with over 25% of offenders engaging in physical aggression within one to two years after treatment. Counseling for domestic violence perpetrators should be part of a coordinated community response that includes criminal justice interventions, preventive education, and comprehensive victim services.
Adolescent↗
Energy metabolism and metabolite patterns of rats after application of dexfenfluramine.
Serotoninergic neuronal networks are important for food intake and body weight regulation. However, the mechanisms by which some metabolic pathways are influenced are rather unclear. Dexfenfluramine (DF), a serotonin releaser and re-uptake inhibitor, was used to investigate changes in food intake, body weight development, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and substrate oxidation rates for 12 days. Normal rats, receiving an energy-controlled mash diet and water ad libitum were intraperitoneally injected daily with either saline, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg DF/kg. Compared to controls, food intake, body weight development and energy expenditure were decreased in a dose-dependent manner, especially during the first six days. Lipid oxidation was increased while oxidation of carbohydrates was decreased. Pair-feeding experiments over three days revealed that this was a clear pharmacological effect and not simply a result of diminished food intake. At the end of these experiments, plasma glucose and liver and muscle glycogen were unchanged after DF, but isoleucine, leucine and lysine were significantly decreased in plasma and liver. Therefore, the plasma tryptophan/large neutral amino acids ratio was slightly increased. Protein oxidation was unchanged after DF. It is concluded that a prompt decline in energy expenditure with increased fat oxidation rates could mediate the body weight reducing effect of DF.
Amino Acids↗
Use of clonidine to treat hot flashes secondary to leuprolide or goserelin.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic agonist, in abating symptoms of hot flashes in men receiving either leuprolide or goserelin for prostate cancer. DESIGN: Patients were administered transdermal or oral clonidine 0.1-0.2 mg/d. Dosages were increased in increments of 0.1-0.3 mg/d every two to four weeks if symptoms persisted or until adverse effects developed. SETTING: Medical oncology clinic at the University of Illinois and the hypertension clinic at the Veterans Affairs West Side Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Consenting male patients were eligible for the study if they were receiving leuprolide or goserelin for prostate cancer and were experiencing hot flashes. Exclusion criteria included diastolic blood pressure of 75 mm Hg or below or a history of adverse reactions to clonidine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effectiveness of clonidine was determined by questioning patients about frequency, severity, and duration of hot flashes at baseline and at two- to four-week intervals. RESULTS: All four patients receiving clonidine experienced a partial response within two weeks of starting treatment. No dose-dependent response was observed. Adverse effects were noted in one patient but did not result in discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results document the first report of the use of clonidine to treat hot flashes secondary to leuprolide or goserelin therapy. Symptomatic improvement was noted in all four patients. Further evaluation of clonidine as well as other centrally acting adrenergic agonists is needed.
Climacteric↗
Family of origin violence and MCMI-II psychopathology among partner assaultive men.
This study examined associations between family of origin violence, self-reports of psychopathology on the MCMI-II, and current spouse abuse among partner assaultive men. Compared to nonviolent men in discordant (n = 24) and well-adjusted (n = 24) relationships, partner assaultive men (n = 24) were significantly more likely to report childhood histories of physical abuse and physical abuse of the mother in the family of origin. The partner assaultive men also reported significantly higher scores on a variety of MCMI-II personality disorder and Axis I disorder scales. When negative affectivity was controlled, however, batterers differed from contrast groups only on scales assessing antisocial and aggressive characteristics. Within the partner assaultive group, a history of severe childhood abuse was associated with higher scores on a variety of MCMI-II personality disorder and Axis I disorder scales, and higher levels of psychological and physical aggression directed toward the current relationship partner. Abuse of the mother in the family of origin among batterers was associated with higher levels of psychological and physical aggression toward the current partner, but not with self-reported psychopathology. The results support prior descriptions of a batterer subgroup with significant trauma histories, more psychological difficulties, and higher abuse levels than other batterers, suggesting continuities in social and emotional development from childhood maltreatment to adult relationship violence.
Adult↗
Isolated systolic hypertension in older patients.
Pathophysiologic changes and risks associated with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) are described, findings of clinical trials pertaining to ISH are summarized, and recommendations for management are provided. ISH is the most frequent type of hypertension in patients over 65 years of age and is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Decreased arterial compliance, increased peripheral vascular resistance, changes in cardiac output, decreases in plasma renin activity, and reduced beta-adrenergic function are all possible mechanism contributing to hypertension in older patients. Environmental factors that may contribute to hypertension in this population include diet, exercise, and salt sensitivity. Currently, the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) is the only study that has evaluated the efficacy of treating ISH. The risk of stroke was lowered in patients who received low doses of the diuretic chlorthalidone, which was well tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and isosorbide dinitrate have been shown to lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with ISH. Because the SHEP study is the only trial to document a decrease in morbidity, diuretics are considered firstline therapy for patients with a SBP of > or = 160 mm Hg. In older patients, it is prudent to initiate antihypertensive therapy at lower doses with a more gradual increase in dosage. The SHEP trial demonstrated a significant reduction in morbidity with a trend toward decreased mortality when patients with ISH received pharmacologic treatment. More studies are necessary to determine whether other antihypertensive agents will have similar effects on mortality in patients with ISH.
Aged↗
Mass balance strategy for protein sequencing. Application to a protein with an extended DNPNNP repeating motif.
The value of the mass balance strategy is illustrated in the sequence determination of S. aureus V8 protease. Capillary electrophoresis, electrospray mass spectrometry, and high performance tandem mass spectrometry are used as well as proteolysis and Edman degradation. The carboxy terminus is found to contain 17 irregularly repeating units of the triptych motifs NNP and DNP, which provide a challenge to any strategy involving mapping, sequencing, and overlapping of hydrolytic peptides.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
An assessment of the thermogenic effects of fluoxetine in obese subjects.
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug with weight reducing properties. To assess whether fluoxetine has an ability to promote diet induced thermogenesis (DIT), 30 obese subjects (BMI 30-45 kg/m2) underwent a double blind, randomized, cross-over trial of 60 mg fluoxetine versus placebo. A two week single blind, run-in period on placebo was incorporated into the study to allow for placebo responders. The first stage of the study lasted for 14 days followed by a six week cross-over wash-out phase and concluded with the second 14 day stage of the study. An estimate of resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by continuous indirect calorimetry using the ventilated hood technique. Metabolic measurements were performed on six occasions, immediately before the first tablet was taken in the first stage, 24 hours after the first tablet was consumed and on the last day of the first stage; these three recordings were repeated on the second stage of the study. On each occasion a control reading of RMR was taken for 30 minutes then DIT was measured for 90 minutes following a lemon and glucose drink (1 g/kg body weight). Whilst a significant weight reduction (1.16 kg, P less than 0.05) occurred in the active stage, no such effect was achieved in the placebo phase. No differences were found between the two stages with regard to RMR, total DIT, peak DIT and time taken to reach peak DIT. We conclude that fluoxetine does not stimulate metabolism and that the weight reduction after 14 days therapy is due to other mechanisms.
Adult↗
Adiposity in children: is mental retardation a critical variable?
Several authors have suggested that obesity is more prevalent amongst children with mental retardation than non-mentally retarded children. However, studies on which this suggestion is based typically lack adequate control groups. The current research compared adiposity amongst mentally retarded versus non-mentally retarded children. Study 1 compared 110 mentally retarded children with 107 non-mentally retarded children (162 males, 61 females; age range 11 months-20 years). The independent (predictor) variables included IQ and mental retardation. Dependent (criteria) variables were BMI and age-corrected BMI. Study 2, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-II data bank compared 20 children with reported mental retardation with 4015 control children on three variables: BMI, age-corrected BMI, and subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio. Results of both studies found no significant difference in adiposity or body fat distribution between mentally retarded and non-mentally retarded children. Moreover, no significant difference emerged when either age or gender were controlled and no curvilinear or interaction effects were observed.
Adipose Tissue↗
Risk classification of life and health insurance applicants with atypical melanocytic hyperplasia or malignant melanoma in situ.
Physicians may attempt to disguise malignant melanoma in situ from insurance companies by diagnosing atypical melanocytic hyperplasia instead. This study indicates that the insurance industry is not misled by atypical melanocytic hyperplasia and treats it equivalently to malignant melanoma in situ. In addition, physicians' failure to diagnose malignant melanoma in situ may result in underestimation of the incidence of malignant melanoma and may cause inadequate initial treatment and patient follow-up.
Humans↗
Asthma in children.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Primary structure of molluscan metallothioneins deduced from PCR-amplified cDNA and mass spectrometry of purified proteins.
The primary structure of metallothioneins (MT) of a mollusc, the oyster Crassostrea virginica, was determined by molecular cloning and mass spectrometry of purified proteins. The cloning strategy included PCR amplification of the responsible cDNAs from total cDNA using completely degenerate oligonucleotides (derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence) and oligo(dT)20 as primers. Primer extension off mRNA was used as an independent determination of the nucleotide sequence represented by the degenerate PCR primers. The deduced amino acid sequence was consistent with characteristics of class I MT. Twenty-one cysteine residues, were arranged in nine Cys-X-Cys motifs, five as Cys-Lys-Cys. A single Cys-X-X-Cys motif was also observed. Two MTs that differ only in the presence or absence of an N-acetyl group exist in this organism. Masses of tryptic peptides of purified MTs corresponded with those of peptides predicted from tryptic cleavages of the deduced amino acid sequence. Allowing for known N-terminal modifications, 96% of the deduced sequence was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Comparison (FASTA algorithm) of the primary structure of the oyster MTs with those of other species indicated a higher similarity with vertebrate MTs than with those of other invertebrates.
Amino Acid Sequence↗