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Biomedical subjects

C M Shy

Publications and source records attributed to C M Shy.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Environmental factors and chronic gastric ulcer. A case control study of the association of smoking, alcohol, and heavy analgesic ingestion with the exacerbation of chronic gastric ulcer.

The aim of this case control study was to define the strength of the associations of smoking, alcohol, and heavy analgesic ingestion with chronic gastric ulcer (GU). Ninety-nine patients were interviewed about smoking, alcohol, and analgesic ingestion for the 6 months before exacerbation of their chronic GU. The 180 non-ulcer community control subjects were frequency-matched with the patients for the characteristics of age, sex, and social status. Smoking, alcohol, and heavy analgesic ingestion were studied when present as sole factors and in combinations. Their associations with GU were measured by the odds ratio (OR) and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Smoking in male patients (OR 15.4) and heavy analgesic ingestion in female patients (OR 23.4) were significant as sole factors. Smoking plus heavy analgesic ingestion was significant in female patients (OR 10.0), and the combination of all three factors was significant in male patients (OR 13.0) and in female patients (OR 6.3). Smoking had significantly increased AORs of 3.3 in male patients and 3.5 in female patients; alcohol had a significantly decreased AOR of 0.4 in female patients; and heavy analgesic ingestion was significantly increased in female patients (AOR 7.2). It is concluded that smoking in all patients and heavy analgesic ingestion in female patients are risk factors for chronic GU. Alcohol, however, does not appear to be a risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Snuff dipping and oral cancer among women in the southern United States.

A case-control study in North Carolina involving 255 women with oral and pharyngeal cancer and 502 controls revealed that the exceptionally high mortality from this cancer among white women in the South is primarily related to chronic use of snuff. The relative risk associated with snuff dipping among white nonsmokers was 4.2 (95 per cent confidence limits, 2.6 to 6.7), and among chronic users the risk approached 50-fold for cancers of the gum and buccal mucosa--tissues that come in direct contact with the tobacco powder. In the absence of snuff dipping, oral and pharyngeal cancer resulted mainly from the combined effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The carcinogenic hazard of oral snuff is of special concern in view of the recent upswing in consumption of smokeless tobacco in the United States.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1981

Life events and chronic duodenal ulcer: a case control study.

The frequency of life events during the two years before an exacerbation of ulcer in a duodenal ulcer population was compared with the frequency of these events over the same time period in an age-sex matched probability sample of the community population. The mean number of events and the associated distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. When events were categorised into areas of activity, such as health, bereavement, family and social life, change of residence, etc. and were further classified on the basis of desirability, separation from persons, and problem chronicity, only one significant difference was found between patients and controls-more patients changed residence (p=0.0005). Frequency distributions of the number of events and the distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. Concerning individual events, the only significant differences in frequency were that more patients changed residence in Sydney (p=0.006) and more controls had a child leave home for reasons other than marriage (p=0.03). Patients and controls experienced the same four most frequent events. Among patients, no correlation existed between age and either the number of events experienced or distress and life change scores. Among controls, age was negatively correlated with the number of events experienced (p=0.0004) and the life change scores (p<0.003). It is concluded, therefore, that an excess of stress, as measured by the number of life events experienced and by distress and life change scores associated with these events, does not appear to be a risk factor for the exacerbation of chronic duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Toxic substances from coal energy: an overview.

Environmental concerns over increased coal consumption are fully justified by the past history of coal use. Although improved technology has provided some safeguards, increased utilization will require mining practices, emission control technologies, and waste disposal procedures that are not yet fully integrated into the routine use of the coal energy system. The Committee on Health and Evnironmental Effects of Increased Coal Utilization identified six critical environmental issues which are of concern: coal mine worker health and safety, reclamation of arid lands from surface mining, the health effects of coal combustion products, toxic trace elements in coal combustion wastes, acid fallout, and global effects of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This presentation addresses the first four of these issues.

Coal↗
PubMed1977

The occupational determinants of chronic disabling pulmonary disease in rubber workers.

Chronic respiratory disease is among the three leading causes of premature retirement due to work disability. The association of occupational exposure and smoking history as potential determinants of pulmonary disability retirement were examined. A cohort of 4302 male, hourly rubber workers actively employed at the Akron plant of a large rubber company on January 1, 1964 was identified and followed for ten years. During the period, 1964-1973, 73 workers terminated gainful employment with a pulmonary disability retirement. Work and smoking histories for these cases and two age-race-sex matched control groups were ascertained. Cases spent significantly greater durations of time employed in curing preparation, curing and finishing and inspection work areas. Each of these areas involves exposures to particulate material and/or solvents. Significant risk of developing a pulmonary disability was associated with smoking and exposure to dust and fumes, generally, and talc and carbon black more specifically. Smoking and occupational exposures were found to interact in their association with pulmonary disability retirement among these rubber workers.

Adult↗