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Biomedical subjects

C M Sofka

Publications and source records attributed to C M Sofka.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist.

Optimal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the wrist requires a high field strength magnet and a dedicated wrist coil to achieve high-resolution images. Using current MR sequences, detailed images of articular cartilage and the supporting ligaments and tendons can be obtained. Evaluation of the triangular fibrocartilage as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments of the wrist is possible with thin-slice three-dimensional volumetric gradient recalled sequences. Fast inversion recovery sequences, used to achieve fat suppression in peripheral joints such as the wrist, allow for detection of acute osseous trauma, which is often radiographically occult. Cartilage-sensitive imaging allows for evaluation of conditions in the skeletally immature patient, such as chronic physeal loading in the adolescent gymnast, as well as detection of the sequelae of altered biomechanics in the adult, as in the ulnolunate impaction syndrome. Moreover, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography permits a relatively noninvasive evaluation of peripheral vascular disease, obviating the need for an intraarticular injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Use of ultrasonographic guidance in interventional musculoskeletal procedures: a review from a single institution.

We have evaluated the utility of ultrasonographic guidance for intervention in the musculoskeletal system. All interventional musculoskeletal procedures using ultrasonographic guidance performed at our institution from July 1998 through November 1999 were reviewed. Examinations were performed using either a linear or curved phased array transducer, based on depth and local geometry. The choice of needle was likewise optimized for specific anatomic conditions. One hundred ninety-five procedures were performed on 167 patients from July 1998 through November 1999. Thirty-one procedures had magnetic resonance correlation within 6 months beforehand. Excluding large-joint aspirations and injections, we found that 180 of the procedures were more readily performed using ultrasonography than any other imaging modality. These included therapeutic injections into tendon sheaths (biceps, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial, and iliopsoas), Morton's neuromas, plantar fascia, wrist ganglia, and tarsal tunnel cysts; peritendinous hamstring injections; and synovial cyst and muscle biopsies. In all cases, the target of interest was identified easily with ultrasonography, and needle position was documented readily. Also in all cases, aspiration or medication delivery to the site of interest was observed during real time and was documented on postprocedure images of the area. No significant complications (e.g., bleeding, infection, and neurovascular compromise) were encountered during or immediately after any procedure. Ultrasonography is a readily available imaging modality useful for guiding interventional procedures in the musculoskeletal system. The ability to document exact needle placement in real time confirms accurate placement of therapeutic injections, fluid aspiration, and soft tissue biopsies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Magnetic resonance imaging of neuroblastoma using current techniques.

We evaluated the ability of current magnetic resonance (MR) scanning techniques to detect and stage neuroblastoma in children, using surgical and histopathologic correlation. We prospectively and retrospectively reviewed 16 MR examinations from 14 patients with neuroblastoma (13 patients) or ganglioneuroblastoma (1 patient) and compared these to computed tomography (CT) (5 patients) and pathology (all patients). Sequences included: precontrast T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. The study time for each MR exam was also calculated. Five primary tumors were intrathoracic paraspinous masses, eight were adrenal, and 1 was presacral. Neural foraminal invasion was demonstrated on MR in four of 14 patients. Three of the four patients had undergone CT and neural foraminal invasion was shown in one. Vascular encasement was demonstrated in five of 14 patients on MR images. Three of the five patients had undergone CT and vascular involvement was shown in two. All cases of neural foramina invasion and vascular encasement were proven at surgery. There were no false positive or false negative MR studies of neural foraminal invasion or vascular encasement. Bone marrow invasion was shown in two of 14 patients on MR images which were confirmed by bone marrow aspirate. No false negative cases of bone marrow invasion was shown. In one patient, CT considered one neuroblastoma to be adrenal in location which was correctly shown to be intrathoracic on MR. The mean study time for MR imaging was 49 min. Current MR techniques are accurate at detecting and staging neuroblastoma, and coverage of chest, abdomen, and pelvis can be performed in less than one hour.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Metastatic gastric leiomyoblastoma: a case report.

Gastric leiomyoblastoma is a rare entity. In this report, we describe the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of a recurrent gastric leiomyoblastoma 14 years after initial presentation. This tumor was heterogeneous and moderately low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous and moderately high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The tumor also contained foci of low signal intensity on the post gadolinium images, consistent with areas of necrosis. The mass enhanced mildly and increased in enhancement on the delayed images, consistent with a hypovascular mass. Multiple liver metastases were noted. Magnetic resonance findings were confirmed with surgical specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

MR imaging of metastatic pancreatic VIPoma.

The MR findings in a 32-year-old man with pancreatic VIPoma and liver metastases are described. A 2-cm mass was present in the region of the tail of the pancreas that was best shown on T1-weighted fat-suppressed images as a low-signal intensity mass. Multiple liver metastases were present that showed intense peripheral ring enhancement on immediate post gadolinium spoiled gradient echo images.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hepatic hemangiomas.

MR imaging is a very accurate technique for the detection and characterization of hepatic hemangiomas. The combination of T2-weighted imaging and serial postgadolinium spoiled gradient-echo imaging results in high observer confidence.

Contrast Media↗