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Biomedical subjects

C M Sutherland

Publications and source records attributed to C M Sutherland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Concordant uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi and Tl-201 in unsuspected breast tumor.

An unsuspected breast tumor was discovered in a 65-year-old woman referred for evaluation of possible ischemic heart disease. Marked tumor uptake of Tl-201 and concordant but less intense uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m MIBI) was observed after both planar and SPECT imaging post treadmill exercise. Although many reports in the literature document Tl-201 tumor uptake, this is much less frequently reported with Tc-99m MIBI at this time. To the authors' knowledge, Tc-99m MIBI breast tumor uptake has not been reported to date. Tc-99m MIBI might prove useful in the detection of primary and metastatic breast carcinoma, and warrants further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Patient characteristics, methods of diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in the United States.

The American College of Surgeons performed a patient care and evaluation study of melanoma for 1981 and 1987 to determine the presenting symptoms, methods of evaluation, clinical management and resulting outcome. Melanomas of the skin, eye, mucous membrane, metastases with unknown primary site and miscellaneous sites were included. Details concerning 5,004 patients from 681 hospitals in the study in 1981 and 6,900 patients from 844 hospitals in the study in 1987 were obtained--most melanomas were located in the skin; a decline in symptoms occurred at initial diagnosis; an increase in age at first diagnosis was reported; most melanomas were in Caucasian patients; slightly more melanomas occurred in men than women; more melanomas occurred in men on the head and neck and trunk, and more in the lower extremity in women; most tumors were not large in diameter; a significant shift was reported to lower levels of Clark's invasion, and a significant amount of unknowns existed in the Breslow's thickness of invasion. The large number of unknowns makes analysis difficult, but there seems to be some shift toward thinner levels of Breslow's in tumors in which it was known, from 1981 to 1987. Only a small proportion of patients in the current series was known to have node involvement or known distant metastases. An overall decline in diagnostic studies occurred between 1981 and 1987.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A new coaxial needle for pre-operative localization of breast abnormalities.

A new coaxial needle, containing a retractable anchoring wire with a helical tip, has been developed for purposes of mammographic and sonographic localization of non-palpable suspicious breast abnormalities before surgical excision. The helically shaped tip provides the needle with a number of potential advantages over other currently available localization needles. During in vitro comparisons with other needles quantitative and qualitative evidence was obtained to suggest that the new needle can be expected to have improved anchoring capability, be deflected less by tough fibrous tissue interfaces and be more visible sonographically. The anchoring wire can also be retracted and repositioned. Preliminary clinical experience with the needle was consistent with these expectations.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for breast cancer.

Despite the numerous risk factors for the development of breast cancer that have been investigated, only a few demonstrate a clear association with breast cancer development. Female gender and increasing age are the most important factors, followed by factors involving a woman's menstrual, reproductive, and family history. The risks related to menstruation and reproduction are probably related to the duration of estrogenic breast stimulation. The relationship of family history and breast cancer risk is unclear, but there may be a true genetic basis. The previous occurrence of breast cancer (invasive or in situ), the presence of proliferative pathological changes, especially with atypia, and the presence of other malignancies (e.g., primary ovarian and endometrial cancer) are histological risk factors for the development of new or recurrent breast cancer. Radiation exposure, the use of exogenous estrogens (both estrogen replacement therapy and oral contraceptives), diet (especially fat consumption), and alcohol intake may all play a role in cancer risk. Certain medications as well as patient demographics may also have a weak association. Cigarette smoking, caffeine consumption, and stress presently have little support for an association with breast cancer risk. It should be noted that in only one in four patients can breast cancer be accounted for by the known risk factors. This demonstrates that although presently known risk factors may help in screening for the early detection of breast carcinoma, in its possible prevention by modulation of influenceable factors, and in advising patients about their risks, these factors are merely strong associations with breast cancer incidence and not actual causations. The mechanisms of the development of breast cancer are as yet unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Granular cell tumor of the breast.

Granular cell tumors are rare tumors occasionally located in the breast. They are generally benign, but can mimic breast carcinoma thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. The etiology of these tumors remains obscure, but may be neurogenic in origin. We report a case of granular cell tumor of the breast and present a review of the topic.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Regional perfusion for the treatment of subungual melanoma.

Thirty-one patients with subungual melanoma representing 2.6 per cent of all patients with limb melanoma were treated by isolated regional perfusion. Acral lentiginous melanoma prevalent on subungual and volar skin was the most common histologic type. The subungual lesions primarily occurred on the lower limbs (61%) and great toe (48%). At diagnosis, most patients had advanced disease; 53 per cent of stage I patients had lesions with level IV invasion or greater. The median thickness of the primary lesion was 2.35 mm. All patients were treated by isolated regional perfusion and amputation of the involved digit, as well as regional lymph-node dissection where clinically indicated. The mean survival rate for all stages at five years was 35 per cent. Patients with stage I disease had the best survival rates, 61 per cent at five years and 54 per cent at ten years; however, patients with advanced disease, stage III (M.D. Anderson classification), had only a 17 per cent survival rate at five years and 8 per cent at 10 years. Women had slightly better survival rates than men, and patients with upper-limb lesions had the better prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Isolated regional perfusion for treatment of limb melanoma in the American black.

Since 1957, 961 patients with invasive malignant melanoma of the limbs were treated by regional perfusion. Forty-eight patients were black, representing 5 per cent of all patients with regional melanoma treated during this period. Thirty-one of the 48 patients were men, and 17 were women. Only 21 of the 48 patients had stage I lesions (M.D. Anderson classification), of whom 63 per cent had level IV or greater invasion. The average depth of invasion was 3.70 mm. Of 21 patients with stage III disease, 15 came to diagnosis with an intact primary lesion in addition to regional disease, and the majority of lesions arose on a plantar site with level V invasion. Eighty per cent of the patients had acral lentiginous melanoma. All melanoma patients were treated by isolated regional perfusion with wide excision of the primary plus regional lymph node dissection for biopsy-proven regional disease. At 10 years, survival rates were 71 per cent for stage I patients and 12.5 per cent for those with stage III disease. When black patients having had acral melanoma on a plantar or palmar site were compared with white patients of a similar stage of disease, however, it was found that black patients had equivalent long-term survival rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Charity Hospital experience with long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer with localized or regional disease.

Long-term survival, the prognostic effects of race, age, tumor size, number of positive nodes, and presence of grave signs (fixation, peau d'orange/edema, dimpling/retraction, satellite nodules, and ulceration) in this distribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) were studied in 2480 patients (1815 blacks, 665 whites) diagnosed with localized or regional breast cancer at Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans (CHNO) from 1948 to 1985 and followed up in the CHNO Tumor Registry. Breast cancer-specific survival rates were 57%, 45%, 41%, 39%, 38%, and 35% at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 years, respectively. Size of tumor, clinical status of nodes, and degree of fixation were important prognostic clinical factors, and number of nodes was an important pathologic factor with no additional value of the "grave signs." Size and fixation were related. Independent of size, clinical and pathologic status and fixation were related. ER was related to age and PR was related to number of nodes. The excess mortality from breast cancer at later intervals from diagnoses was small compared with mortality from other causes. Some, but not all, clinical findings were important prognostic indicators. ER and PR were related to some variables with unclear meaning.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Breast neoplasms: duplex sonographic imaging as an adjunct in diagnosis.

Sonographic breast imaging has been useful in the differentiation of cystic from solid masses. It has also been helpful in the characterization of palpable breast masses in the absence of corresponding abnormalities. The authors undertook a prospective study that incorporated pulsed Doppler analysis into sonographic real-time imaging of solid breast masses. Thirty-eight patients were examined. In 12 of the patients there were positive Doppler signals, while in 26 patients there were no Doppler signals. The 12 patients showing positive Doppler signals proved to have infiltrating ductal carcinoma, while the 26 patients with negative Doppler signals proved to have benign breast disorders. Pulsed Doppler analysis as a supplement to sonographic real-time imaging shows promise for the identification of breast carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chemotherapy by regional perfusion for limb melanoma.

The administration of chemotherapy by isolated regional perfusion was developed in 1957 at Tulane University and was found to be of greatest benefit for patient with melanoma of the limbs. From 1957 to 1984, 897 patients were treated by this method. The 10-year survival rate for 831 patients with primary melanoma was 77 per cent. Women survived longer than men, with 10-year rates of 81 per cent and 65 per cent, respectively. Prophylactic lymph node dissection was of benefit for males with poor prognosis distal lower limb lesions, but other groups did not benefit. Primary lesions on the arm and thigh did better than lesions of the hand or foot, with plantar and subungual lesions having the least favorable results. Thickness, level, and histologic type were also significant prognostic indicators. Thirty-three patients with locally recurrent melanoma (stage II) treated by perfusion and excision had a 10-year survival rate of 59 per cent. For 129 patients with metastases to the regional lymph nodes (IIIB), perfusion plus RLND produced a 10-year rate of 51 per cent; survival rates for those with a single positive node was 64 per cent. Seventy patients with satellitosis or intransit metastases (IIIA) had a 10-year survival rate of 23 per cent. Thirty-eight patients with metastases to limbs from unknown primaries had a 10-year survival rate of 52 per cent. The overall 10-year rate for all stage III patients was 41 per cent. Perfusion produced useful palliation in 144 patients with limb melanoma in the presence of systemic metastases.

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion↗
PubMed1987

Factors influencing the survival of patients with regional melanoma of the extremity treated by perfusion.

Patients with regional metastases of malignant melanoma (75 with Stage IIIA soft tissue metastases, 124 with Stage IIIB nodal metastases and 75 with Stage IIIAB soft tissue and nodal metastases) treated by regional perfusion between 1957 and 1982 were retrospectively studied to identify prognostic factors relating to survival. In patients with Stage IIIB disease, the melanoma specific cumulative survival rates at five years was 72 per cent for one, 33 per cent for two to three and 20 per cent for four or more positive lymph nodes. In patients with Stage IIIAB disease, those with one node had a better survival rate at five years than those with multiple nodes (45 versus 25 per cent). In patients with Stage IIIA melanoma, two groups were identified based upon the results of prior treatment--those with and without prophylactic lymph node dissection (PLND) at the time of primary therapy. The factors associated with decreased survival rates in patients with PLND were: 1, increasing age; 2, presence of subcutaneous or both subcutaneous and dermal metastases, and 3, treatment at normothermic temperatures or earlier date of treatment. No significant factors were found in the group without PLND; however, the survival time was similar to that for patients with Stage IIIAB and one positive node (45 per cent at five years). Knowledge of these factors is important in assessing the prognosis and establishing randomization criteria for prospective studies evaluating various forms of therapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Long-term survival and prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with localized (no skin, muscle, or chest wall attachment) disease with and without positive lymph nodes.

Uncertainty exists regarding the magnitude of excess mortality from localized breast cancer at long follow-up times (greater than 15 years) since diagnosis and regarding the effects of race and age as prognostic factors at all follow-up times. Long-term survival was determined in 1141 patients (311 white, 830 black) diagnosed as having localized breast cancer with and without positive axillary lymph nodes, but without any signs of complete or incomplete skin, muscle, or chest wall attachment. Survival curves were estimated by means of actuarial methods; prognostic factors were evaluated with the Cox's regression analysis. Survival from all causes was 62%, 43%, 33%, 25%, and 18% at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years, respectively. Breast cancer-specific survival was 76%, 65%, 63%, 61%, and 59% at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years, respectively. Breast cancer-specific hazard rates exceeded those expected in the general population by 119 times, 53 times, 12 times, and 6 times at 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 25 years, respectively. Of the 395 patients enrolled after 1968 who had modified radical or radical surgery, 338 had known number of positive nodes and size of tumor. Breast cancer-specific survival was significantly increased with: a decreasing number of positive lymph nodes, 0, 1 to 3, and 4 or more (P = 0.000); later year of diagnosis (1974 or before versus 1975 or later) (P = 0.000); and possibly, tumor size of 7.0 cm or less (P = 0.09). When these variables were controlled, no significant association of age at diagnosis or race with breast cancer-specific survival was found. These data suggest that the number of nodes, year of diagnosis and, possibly, tumor size are important prognostic factors for survival, but race and age are not. Also, excess mortality may exist at late intervals; however, it is small in relation to other causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isolated perfusion of extremities for metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary lesion.

Since 1957, 822 patients with invasive malignant melanoma of the limbs were treated by regional perfusion at the Tulane Medical Center. Between 1958 and 1982, there were 32 patients with regional metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary site involving either the upper limb and axillary lymph nodes or lower limb and femoral or inguinal lymph nodes. This group represents 3.5% of patients with regional melanomas treated during this period. There were 16 patients with upper limb regional metastases and 14 patients with lower limb metastases. Sixteen patients had stage IIIB disease (ie, regional lymph node metastases), ten had stage IIIA disease (ie, satellitosis), and four had stage IIIAB disease. Six patients had a history of a suggestive limb lesion that had completely regressed and showed no residual tumor on biopsy. All 30 patients were treated by regional isolated perfusion and regional lymph node dissection, with surgical excision of in-transit disease when possible. The cumulative five-year survival for all patients is 50%. Interestingly, the patients with a history of a lesion that regressed had 85% cumulative five-year survival, and the patients with stage IIIB disease did almost as well, with 62% surviving for five years.

Adult↗