Prostacyclin concentrations in haemolytic uraemic syndrome after acute shigellosis.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
C M Taylor
Publications and source records attributed to C M Taylor.
Recovery of protein from urine specimens collected in cotton wool.
Cotton wool balls have been used to aid the collection of urine from infants. Concentrations of two urinary proteins, albumin and retinol binding protein, decreased by 40 and 80% respectively within 15 minutes of contact with the cotton wool. Cotton wool balls should not be used when investigating proteinuria.
Female↗
Symptomatic zinc deficiency in experimental zinc deprivation.
An evaluation of indices of poor zinc status was undertaken in five male subjects in whom dietary zinc intake was reduced from 85 mumol d-1 in an initial phase of the study to 14 mumol d-1. One of the subjects developed features consistent with zinc deficiency after receiving the low zinc diet for 12 days. These features included retroauricular acneform macullo-papular lesions on the face, neck, and shoulders and reductions in plasma zinc, red blood cell zinc, neutrophil zinc and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. Alcohol induced hepatitis, which was suspected in this subject, may have caused a predisposition to altered zinc metabolism and possible zinc deficiency which was exacerbated by subsequent zinc deprivation. The report supports the value of neutrophil zinc concentration as an indicator of poor zinc status.
Adult↗
Concentrations of endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenesis factor, a major component of human uterine angiogenesis factor, in human and bovine embryonic tissues and decidua.
Embryonic development involves the establishment of new patterns of vascular growth in the fetus and within the lining of the womb. A factor, human uterine angiogenesis factor, has been purified from the decidua and stimulates the growth of blood vessels in collagen sponge implants and in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Evidence is presented that suggests that a major active component of human uterine angiogenesis factor is an activator of latent matrix metalloproteinases, of low M(r), called endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenesis factor and that this factor is present in substantial quantities in a number of embryonic tissues.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
Endothelium myeloperoxidase-antimyeloperoxidase interaction in vasculitis.
Antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are found in the sera of patients with microscopic polyarteritis and idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis. Their pathogenicity is unknown. Studies were carried out on the binding of MPO to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the recognition of endothelium-bound MPO by antibody to MPO. Endothelial cells were cultured from human umbilical veins. The binding of MPO to endothelial cells and its inhibition by poly-D-lysine was detected using a monoclonal antibody to MPO and direct staining with APAAP and also by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The binding of anti-MPO antibody in the sera of patients with microscopic polyarteritis to endothelium-coated MPO was detected by ELISA. MPO bound to endothelial cells both on direct staining and ELISA and this binding was inhibited by the polycation poly-D-lysine, suggesting that it was charge mediated. Binding of anti-MPO antibody in the sera of patients with microscopic polyarteritis to endothelium-coated MPO was significantly higher than the binding of sera from normal subjects (P = 0.04), patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis (P = 0.0005), and patients with lupus nephritis (P = 0.009). MPO binds to cultured human umbilical vein endothelium probably by a charge mechanism, and can react with anti-MPO antibodies in the sera of patients with microscopic polyarteritis as well as with a mouse monoclonal anti-MPO antibody. This binding of anti-MPO antibody to MPO fixed to the endothelial cell surface provides a mechanism by which endothelial injury and inflammation might occur in microscopic polyarteritis.
Endothelium, Vascular↗
Serological identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
To test the value of serological tests as an adjunct to bacteriological methods and toxin testing in haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), 60 patients with the disorder were examined for evidence of faecal Escherichia coli producing verocytotoxin (VTEC), particularly of serogroup O157. They were also tested for serum antibodies reacting with the lipopolysaccharide of E coli O157 by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting; for faecal VTEC by means of DNA probes hybridising with the genes encoding verocytotoxins VT1 and VT2; and for "free" faecal VT. Strains of E coli serotype O157:H7 were isolated from 9 patients, and faecal VT2 was detected in 3 of them. Strains of E coli of serotypes 05:H-, O55:H10, O105ac:H18, and O163:H19 were isolated from 4 patients, but faecal VT was not detected. Faecal VT2 was present in 1 patient from whom VTEC were not isolated. Antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of E coli O157 were detected in serum samples from 44 patients. The 9 patients with faecal O157:H7 all had high titres of these antibodies, but serum samples from 16 healthy control children were negative. Serological testing of patients with HUS for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of E coli O157 provides evidence of infection with E coli O157 when faecal bacteria or VT cannot be detected.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Further evidence of lipid peroxidation in post-enteropathic haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.
Lipid peroxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS). Thirteen children with the post-enteropathic form of HUS were studied using conjugated diene lipids as markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Levels of total conjugated diene lipids and 9,11-linoleic acid, the principal conjugated diene in human plasma, were greater in the acute phase of this disorder than in controls. The ratio of plasma vitamin E to lipid was lower than that in children with other renal diseases, and the expected positive correlation between vitamin E and lipids did not hold for HUS patients. These data provide further evidence of lipid peroxidation in HUS and a disturbance in the metabolism of the principal lipid-bound anti-oxidant vitamin E.
Adolescent↗
Prognostic significance of proteinuria one year after onset of diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
We examined the prognostic value of changes in the amount of proteinuria, measured as protein/creatinine ratios in early-morning urine samples, in 40 children who had had diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. One year after diagnosis, 87% of those who seemed to have fully recovered had normal urinary protein/creatinine ratios, compared with none of those with poor outcomes (p less than 0.001). None of those with poor outcomes achieved normal protein/creatinine ratios during follow-up to a maximum of 5 1/2 years, but 93% of those who made a full clinical recovery no longer had proteinuria. Measurement of the protein/creatinine ratio in an early-morning sample of urine is a simple, cost-effective, and noninvasive means of monitoring the progress of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome, provided that a technique sensitive at low protein concentrations is employed.
Adolescent↗
Raised levels of latent collagenase activating angiogenesis factor (ESAF) are present in actively growing human intracranial tumours.
Endothelial cell stimulating angiogenesis factor (ESAF) is a potent, low molecular mass mitogen, specific for endothelial cells. In common with various protein growth factors, it displays angiogenic activity in a variety of biological test systems. However, it differs from these other factors by virtue of its low molecular mass and its ability to activate latent matrix metalloproteinases in a dose dependent manner. This activity has been used to quantify the factor in both normal and diseased brain tissue. The concentration of ESAF determined in biopsies from different types of intracranial tumours varied: in some tumour types the level was close to that of control samples whereas in others it rose to levels comparable to those encountered in the pineal gland, the richest source of ESAF in mature mammals. Tumours considered to be benign contained significantly less ESAF than those neoplasms classified as being malignant (P = 0.025). There was also a correlation between the mitotic activity of tumour samples, as determined by conventional H & E histochemical staining and the ESAF concentration present. These findings agree with previous studies in which elevated ESAF levels have been found in tissue where proliferation of vascular elements has been observed.
Adult↗
Elevated endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic factor activity in rodent glycolytic skeletal muscles.
1. Capillary density is greater in skeletal muscles comprised of predominantly oxidative (type I) fibres than in those comprised of mainly glycolytic (type II) fibres. In order to investigate further the angiogenic mechanisms involved in muscle capillarization, endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic factor activities in various rodent skeletal muscles were compared. 2. Eleven untrained adult male Wistar rats were killed and the predominantly oxidative (type I) muscle,s soleus and heart, the predominantly glycolytic (type II) muscle, extensor digitorum longus, and the mixed-fibre muscle, gastrocnemius, were removed. Each sample was separately homogenized and centrifuged and the supernatants were diafiltered to isolate the low-molecular-mass fraction containing endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity. This was assayed for its ability to activate latent collagenase and was expressed as units, where 1 unit represents the percentage activation of the enzyme h-1 (mg of protein in the supernatant)-1. 3. The results (medians and ranges) demonstrated significantly greater endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic factor activity in extensor digitorum longus muscle (2.14 units, 0.62-2.87 units, n = 13) than in soleus (0.82 units, 0.59-1.79 units, n = 15), gastrocnemius (0.34 units, 0.28-0.40 units, n = 4) or heart (0.43 units, 0.16-0.52 units, n = 11) (P less than 0.01 for each) muscle. 4. These findings suggest that endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity in muscle is either inversely or not related to the local capillary density, which may be at or near a maximum in physiologically contracting, predominantly oxidative muscles.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
Prognostic markers in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: initial neutrophil count, human neutrophil elastase and von Willebrand factor antigen.
The observed increase in plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) in patients with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome is presumed to be secondary to endothelial damage, which is a central event in these diseases. As the prognostic value of such changes has not been previously evaluated, vWF:Ag has been measured in plasma from children reported to a national survey of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Human neutrophil elastase was also measured, as an initial neutrophilia has been shown to have prognostic value in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Despite a significant elevation of plasma vWF:Ag concentration in these patients at presentation, the values did not correlate with the period of thrombocytopenia, the need for dialysis, or outcome. However, children with a poor outcome had significantly greater plasma elastase concentrations compared to those who had a good outcome.
Antigens↗
Changes in the postenteropathic form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in children.
An analysis was made of clinical and laboratory findings in children with the diarrheal form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) treated at The Children's Hospital, Birmingham between 1970 und 1987. From 1982 the rate of referral increased, the prodromal illness more often consisted of bloody diarrhea, and the mean age at presentation doubled from 2 to 4 years. For patients with a good outcome there was an excess of males in the period 1970-81, and females in the period 1982-87. Moreover, in the years 1982-87 the disorder was distinguished from that of the earlier time by a positive correlation between adverse outcome and both neutrophil leukocytosis and a higher hemoglobin concentration at presentation. Prognostic scores obtained by logistic regression analysis were specific for each period. From July 1983 stool samples were analyzed for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) and neutralizable verotoxin. Positive results were obtained in 39% of cases. The nature of HUS has changed and the new form of the disorder is associated with VTEC infection.
Acute Disease↗
Intestinal absorption and losses of copper measured using 65Cu in zinc-deprived men.
The absorption and intestinal losses of endogenous Cu in response to a low Zn diet were studied in five young male subjects using stable 65Cu as an oral tracer. The subjects received a semi-purified formula diet providing 85 mumol (5.6 mg) Zn/d during 15-day baseline and repletion phases and 12 mumol (0.8 mg) Zn/d during an intervening period of 25 days. Thirty-eight mumol (2.4 mg) Cu/d was provided throughout the study. In four of the subjects, the mean +/- SEM luminal disappearance of 65Cu was 37 +/- 4 per cent during the baseline phase and was unaffected by Zn deprivation (32 +/- 7 per cent) or repletion (30 +/- 7 per cent) as were intestinal losses of endogenous Cu [7 +/- 4, 8 +/- 3, 8 +/- 3 mumol/d (0.4 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/d) during baseline, Zn deprivation and Zn repletion phases, respectively]. In a fifth subject, who had some evidence of a resolving alcohol-induced hepatitis, the luminal disappearance of 65Cu was 31, 44 and 42 per cent and the intestinal losses of endogenous Cu 11, 2 and 6 mumol/d (0.7, 0.1 and 0.4 mg/d) during the baseline, Zn deprivation and Zn repletion phases respectively. Plasma Cu concentrations, however, fell throughout the study in all the subjects, despite consistently positive Cu balances. There may be subtle effects of a low dietary intake of Zn on Cu metabolism which were not revealed by the methods used in this study.
Adult↗
Clinical significance of antenatal calyceal dilatation detected by ultrasound.
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Dilatation, Pathologic↗
Factor VIII von Willebrand protein in haemolytic uraemic syndrome and systemic vasculitides.
von Willebrand protein (vWF) is reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and, as a result, is not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma samples from normal subjects, children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), and adults with vasculitis and vWF prepared from endothelium were treated with DTT before vWF assay. vWF in HUS and vasculitis resembled the endothelial form in being resistant to reduction. DTT modification of the ELISA assay may be useful as a marker of disease severity in conditions associated with endothelial cell damage.
Acute Disease↗
Peptides from live yeast cell derivative stimulate wound healing.
Live yeast cell derivative is an alcoholic extract from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that has previously been shown by three groups of workers to stimulate wound healing. Live yeast cell derivative is a complex mixture, and it was not known which of its many components was responsible for the biological activity. This study describes the separation and analysis of the major components, one of which is a peptide fraction that stimulates wound healing. The fraction consists of a mixture of peptides from 6000 to 17,000 d. It causes angiogenesis in a chick embryo yolk sac membrane assay and in a rabbit cornea assay, and it dramatically stimulates wound healing in the "Schilling/Hunt" wire mesh cylinder model at concentrations 25-fold lower than those required for the intact live yeast cell derivative.
Animals↗
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in human serum and its relationship with other metabolites of vitamin D-3.
A competitive protein binding assay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol has been developed using the hormone's nuclear receptor protein from chick intestinal mucosa. This nuclear receptor protein can be stored at -70 degrees C for several months and bound and free hormone can be separated easily with dextran coated charcoal. Results obtained using this assay agree well with those reported by other groups of workers. Serum levels of other vitamin D-3 metabolites, namely 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol have also been measured and are shown in relation to 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels.
Animals↗
Cytomegalovirus infection associated with lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Adult↗