First light-emitting neutral molecular rectangles.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
C M Wang
Publications and source records attributed to C M Wang.
Biomedical study on combined effects of simulated weightlessness and emergent depressurization of spacecraft.
Cabin emergent depressurization (CED) may occur in spacecraft during manned space flight. The purpose of this paper was to study the combined effects of simulated weightlessness (SW) and CED factors on humans and animals. It was found that the amplitude of T wave of human electrocardiograms (ECG) significantly decreased in bed rest and hypoxia compared with the control condition (P<0.05), and that suspension with pure O2 induced severer edema in the lungs of rats than that in only a pure O2 environment. SW and pure O2 caused middle ear congestion and decreased the barofunction during pressure changes. These results indicate that human response to CED factors become more serious under SW because of the blood redistribution.
Aerospace Medicine↗
Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp associated with meningoencephalocele and situs inversus.
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Child↗
Grandparents in the United States and the Republic of China: a comparison of generations and cultures.
Grandparent behaviors in the United States and the Republic of China are examined to identify curriculum themes for helping them adjust to their changing role. The 3,286 non-consanguineous subjects included Chinese (n = 751), African Americans (n = 777), Caucasian Americans (n = 1,086), and Mexican Americans (n = 672). Analyses were performed using 1) Generation with three levels (grandparent, parent, and grandchild) and 2) Culture with four levels (Chinese, African American, Caucasian American, and Mexican American). The results revealed significant differences in perceptions about grandparents across cultures as well as between generations within cultures. All three generations reported grandparent strengths and needs. Specific guidelines and curriculum topics are recommended for education to support grandparent development.
Aged↗
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 profiles in children with pneumonia.
Pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity in children. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are primary mediators of inflammation, and have been implicated in a large number of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 27 patients with bacterial pneumonia (n = 12) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia (n = 15) and in 15 healthy control subjects. TNF-alpha concentrations of patients with bacterial pneumonia in acute stage (16.94 +/- 5.70 ng/L) were significantly higher than those in convalescent stage (5.80 +/- 0.75 ng/L), in patients with RSV pneumonia (5.06 +/- 0.44 ng/L) and in healthy control subjects (5.39 +/- 0.68 ng/L) (p < 0.005). TNF-alpha concentrations of patients with RSV pneumonia were not significantly different from those of the control group. IL-6 concentrations of patients with bacterial pneumonia in acute stage (465.94 +/- 290.30 ng/L) were significantly higher than those in convalescent stage (22.04 +/- 15.08 ng/L), in patients with RSV pneumonia (7.65 +/- 2.58 ng/L), and in healthy control subjects (0.84 +/- 0.08 ng/L) (p < 0.0005). There was significant difference between patients with RSV pneumonia and the healthy control group (p < 0.005). In summary, there were significant differences in TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations between acute stage and convalescent stage in patients with bacterial pneumonia, making them useful as markers for bacterial pneumonia. Further studies are needed to establish the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of TNF-alpha and IL-6.
C-Reactive Protein↗
[Counteracting effect of hypoxia and Qigong on cardiac rhythm during orthostatic test post simulated weightlessness].
OBJECTIVE: To try to find a new method for countermeasuring the effect of simulated weightlessness. METHODS: The study was carried out in fifteen male healthy subjects, 19-22 years, -6 degrees head-down bed rest (-6 degrees HDBR) for 21 d was used as a weightlessness simulation model. The subjects were divided into three groups: control group (-6 degrees HDBR), hypoxia group (-6 degrees HDBR + inhalation of hypoxic gas mixture two times a day, 20 min each time) and Qigong group (-6 degrees HDBR + Qigong, three times per day, 45 min each time). Orthostatic test (+75 degrees 20 min) was conducted on each subject pre- and post-HDBR. RESULTS: Cardiac rhythm during the orthostatic test was normal pre-HDBR but sinus cardiac arrhythmias were observed in two subjects of the control group and nodal cardiac arrhythmias were observed in two subjects in Qigong group after HDBR. No cardiac arrhythmia was found in hypoxia group. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia is more effective in countermeasuring orthostatic intolerance after weightlessness than Qigong.
Adult↗
[Study on testing method of susceptibility to decompression sickness in aerospace].
Objective. To provide related parameters for astronauts. Method. A study of susceptibility to decompression sickness was carried out in 43 subjects in a hypobaric chamber. Result. Incidence of altitude decompression sickness under rest condition was closely related to age, time of oxygen prebreathing, gas bubble formation rates in the venous blood flow returned to heart and some other physiological indexes. Incidence of decompression sickness was significantly higher in subjects aged 30-36 years than in those aged 19-20 years under the same experimental conditions. In the older subjects body-fat, blood cholesterole and noradrenaline in urine during experiment were significantly higher than those in the younger subjects. It also showed that among persons of the same ages, when prebreathing time was longer, the incidence of decompression sickness was significantly lower under the same experimental conditions. Conclusion. It is desirable that the susceptibility to decompression in astronaut be tested with 1 h oxygen prebreathing before exposure to the altitude of 10000 m for 30 min.
Adult↗
Programmed cell death of identified peptidergic neurons involved in ecdysis behavior in the Moth, Manduca sexta.
The eclosion of the adult Manduca sexta moth is followed by a wave of cell death that eliminates up to 50% of the neurons of the central nervous system within the first few days of imaginal life. While the identity of some of the dying motoneurons has been established, that of most doomed neurons is unknown. Here, we show that the dying cells include peptidergic neurons involved in the control of ecdysis behavior. These cells belong to a small population of 50 neurons that express crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), a potent regulator of the ecdysis motor program, and show increases in cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate at each ecdysis. First, we describe new markers for these neurons and show that they are expressed in these CCAP-immunoreactive neurons in a complex temporal pattern during development. We then show that these neurons die within 36 h after adult eclosion, the last performance of ecdysis behavior in the life of the animal, via the active, genetically determined process of programmed cell death. The death of these neurons supports the hypothesis that outmoded or unused neurons are actively eliminated.
Animals↗
Salmonella septic arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic diseases.
Salmonella infection is an important problem in immunocompromised patients. The synovium is a particular metastatic focus of Salmonella infection and can result in many disabilities of life. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were highly susceptible to Salmonella infection. In the past 6 years, 41 patients with Salmonella septic arthritis have been treated in our hospital. Eleven patients had an underlying systemic disease of SLE which presented with a distinctive clinical course. Alcoholic liver disease (six cases) was another common underlying systemic disease. The most frequent predisposing articular factor was avascular necrosis (16 cases). The hip joint was the most commonly involved site. Salmonella group B was the most common serotype (30/41). Seventy-three per cent (8/11) of the SLE group had involvement of two or more joints compared with only three out of 30 patients in the non-SLE group. The sex differentiation shows a predominance of young females (10/11) in the SLE group and middle-aged males in the non-SLE group. Moreover, in the SLE group, all 11 patients shared the risk of lupus nephritis and steroid use. Ten patients had Salmonella group B bacteraemia and five had urinary tract infections simultaneously. In the non-SLE group, there were 10 patients with a history of steroid use, three with antecedent enteritis, 12 with bacteraemia, and three with necrotising fasciitis. Seven patients in each of the groups had a recurrent course. However, three patients in the non-SLE group had died during the episode of septic arthritis.
Adolescent↗
Tracheal agenesis with multiple congenital anomalies: a case report.
Tracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare congenital anomaly that is incompatible with prolonged life. It may occur alone or with other associated anomalies. A term infant presented with cyanosis, hypotonia, absence of crying and respiratory distress at birth. Intubation was difficult. Esophageal intubation was performed under laryngoscopy. As TA was suspected, a bronchoscopy was performed and the infant was found to have a normal epiglottis and vocal cords; however, there was no trachea. Cardiorespiratory deterioration developed and the patient died on the night of the second day at the postnatal age of 41 hours. Tracheal agenesis was confirmed at autopsy. Associated anomalies included bronchoesophageal fistula, double outlet of the right ventricle with ventricular septal defect, bicuspid pulmonary valve, single lobe of the right lung, imperforate anus and a rectourethral fistula. According to development theory, tracheal agenesis and VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiovascular defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, radial dysplasia or renal defects and limb defects association may result from a mesodermal deficiency caused by abnormal blastogenesis.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Hibernoma. Case report and literature review.
BACKGROUND: Hibernoma is a rare type of benign tumor that originates in brown fat. It has been rarely described in dermatologic literature. OBJECTIVE: To report and discuss the clinical and histologic features of a patient with hibernoma and review the relevant literature. PATIENT: A large palpable hibernoma located in the interscapular area of a 41-year-old female was identified by physical examination. The tumor was a brown soft mass measuring 7.0 x 6.0 x 3.0 cm that involved subcutaneous tissue and was embedded in the trapzius muscle. It was a well encapsulated and highly vascular tumor. Histologic examination revealed characteristic multivacuolated oval and polygonal cells with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: A hibernoma can be diagnosed on the basis of gross physical characteristics and microscopic findings. This is a benign tumor with no malignant potential. Excisional biopsy is indicated to differentiate hibernoma from well-differentiated liposarcoma. Complete excision is the treatment of choice.
Adult↗
Tolerance intervals for assessing individual bioequivalence.
Evaluation of equivalence of two formulations of a drug typically entails the comparison of average bioavailabilities. Recently, however, authors have become aware that this may be insufficient to assess individual bioequivalence, that is, interchangeability of formulations on an individual basis. This paper outlines a tolerance interval procedure to assess individual bioequivalence based on a model that includes a subject by formulation interaction. We give methods for several higher-order cross-over designs along with examples.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
Simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculide and erythema induratum and the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA by polymerase chain reaction.
The simultaneous occurrence of two tuberculides in one patient is rare. We report the case of a 32-year-old man presenting with both papulonecrotic tuberculide and erythema induratum. Mycobacterial DNA was identified from both skin lesions by polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, suggesting that tuberculides are related to tuberculosis. New skin lesions developed after the patient discontinued his medication on his own initiative, 2 months after triple antituberculous therapy had been started. It is important to continue therapy for a prolonged period.
Adult↗
The effect of glycolic acid on the treatment of acne in Asian skin.
BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid has become important and popular for treating acne. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of serial glycolic acid peels with glycolic acid home care products on facial acne lesions and other associated skin problems. METHODS: We collected 40 Asian candidates with moderate to moderately severe acne. They were divided into two groups according to the degree of greasiness of their facial skin. The two groups' members were treated with four series of 35% and 50% glycolic acid peels, respectively. They also used 15% glycolic acid home care products during this study period. The improvement of acne as well as other associated problems were assessed by both the physicians and the patient themselves. RESULTS: Significant resolution of comedones, papules, and pustules was found. The skin texture of each candidate was dramatically rejuvenated. Consistent and repetitive treatment with glycolic acid was needed for the apparent improvement of acne scars and cystic lesions. The follicular pores also became comparatively smaller. Furthermore, most of the candidates had much brighter and lighter looking skin. Only small percentage of patients (5.6%) developed side effects. CONCLUSION: Glycolic acid has considerable therapeutic value for acne with minimal side effects even in Asian skin. It may be an ideal adjunctive treatment of acne.
Acne Vulgaris↗
Characterization of the regulatory regions of murine alpha 2C2 adrenoceptor subtype gene.
In order to delineate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the control of alpha 2 adrenoceptor expression, the sequence of 5' (1145 bp) and 3' (2682 bp) flanking regions of murine alpha 2C2 subtype gene were determined and characterized from a genomic phage clone MA2C2. The 5' flanking region has no TATA box yet with high GC content. The 3' flanking region is marked by the presence of a polyadenylation signal 2.3 kb down stream from the stop codon. The transcription start site was mapped by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and primer extension assays at nucleotide A, 415 bp upstream from the first initiation codon and resides in a motif resembling the consensus sequence of initiator found in many TATA-less promoters. An NcoI fragment (4.7 kb) immediately upstream from the translation initiation site was linked to a reporter gene lacZ. Using an in vitro transfection assay, cell lines of renal or neural origin were identified as permissive hosts for alpha 2C2 subtype expression. With its core promoter clearly defined and sequence of the regulatory regions at hand, this in vitro gene transfer system will facilitate the identification of putative cis-elements and transcription factors key to alpha 2C2 adrenoceptor expression.
Animals↗
Lead poisoning caused by contaminated Cordyceps, a Chinese herbal medicine: two case reports.
Two cases of lead poisoning, caused by the Chinese herbal medicine Cordyceps, were reported to the Department of Health in a laboratory-based blood lead surveillance program. Such unusual cases of lead poisoning have not been previously reported. These two patients took Cordyceps herbal medicine for treatment of underlying diseases. Loss of appetite and anemic signs of lead poisoning were manifested in one patient with a blood lead level of 130 microg/dl, while the other patient was asymptomatic with a blood lead level of 46 microg/dl. The lead content in the Cordyceps powder was found to be as high as 20 000 ppm. After cessation of intake in the asymptomatic patient, and cessation of intake and treatment with chelating agents in the symptomatic patient, the blood lead levels returned to normal range. This report raises concerns about lead poisoning from unusual herbal medicine worldwide.
Aged↗
The effects of a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and a combined inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and 5-HT reuptake on serotonergic function in the rat.
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Animals↗
Efficacy of ultrafiltration in removing inflammatory mediators during pediatric cardiac operations.
BACKGROUND: Conventional and modified ultrafiltration was used in pediatric cardiac operations to reduce volume overload and total body water. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of these techniques in removing inflammatory mediators during cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Fifty pediatric patients undergoing cardiac operations were randomized into a modified or conventional ultrafiltration group. Blood samples were obtained before and after ultrafiltration to assess the plasma concentrations of leukocyte elastase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. RESULTS: Except for plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the modified ultrafiltration group, the plasma concentrations of all the mediators measured increased after ultrafiltration in both groups of patients. The volume of ultrafiltrate and the total amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 removed by ultrafiltration were significantly greater in the modified group. The concentrations of mediators in the ultrafiltrate and the ratio of ultrafiltrate to plasma concentrations of the mediators did not differ between the groups. Ultrafiltration was more efficient in removing tumor necrosis factor-alpha than the other mediators. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy in removing the inflammatory mediators generated during cardiopulmonary bypass did not differ between modified and conventional ultrafiltration.
Analysis of Variance↗