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Biomedical subjects

C M Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C M Wilson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Growth-promoting actions of extracts from mouse submaxillary glands on human endothelial cells in culture.

Extracts of submaxillary glands from two different strains of inbred mice were mitogenic for human endothelial cells in culture. The mitogenic activity of extracts from glands of males of the SWR/J and C57BL/10J strains were equivalent, and the growth stimulating effect was unrelated to renin or esteroproteolytic activity. Mitogenic activity in extracts from SWR/J females was less than that from males, and extracts from C57BL/10J females were inactive. The polypeptide growth factors, epidermal (EGF) and fibroblast (FGF) growth factors, also stimulated replication of endothelial cells. Cells from either umbilical arteries or veins responded to submaxillary extracts, EGF, or FGF with a similar increase in cell number, increase in protein and enhanced uptake of 3H-thymidine. The proliferative response was associated with decreased activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme which is localized on the endothelial surface. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was not mitogenic for endothelial cells. Extracts of submaxillary glands from male mice of either strain contained approximately 20 times more EGF than extracts from females, as determined by immunodiffusion. Mitogenic activity of the extracts was completely inhibited by antiserum to EGF, suggesting that the active component of these preparations is EGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of aminophylline and cyclic AMP on glycogen metabolism in fetal rat lung in organ culture.

The glycogen content of fetal rat lung declines coincident with increased pulmonary phospholipid synthesis. Aminophylline, a methylxanthine cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and cyclic AMP augment fetal lung phospholipid synthesis. Because lung glycogen breakdown may contribute to pulmonary phospholipid synthesis, the effects of aminophylline and cyclic AMP on glycogen metabolism were studied in explants of 19 day fetal rat lung in organ culture. Treatment with aminophylline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 24 hr, resulted in a 25% (P less than 0.025) and 75% (P less than 0.001) decrease, respectively, in the glycogen content of the explants. Glycogen synthase I activity was reduced by 32% in aminophylline treated cultures (P less than 0.025) and 25% in cyclic AMP treated cultures (P less than 0.025). The percent of total synthase in the active form was significantly reduced in all treated cultures. Neither aminophylline nor cyclic AMP treatment resulted in significant changes in glycogen phosphorylase a or total phosphorylase activity.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1978

Development of glycogen and phospholipid metabolism in fetal and newborn rat lung.

Glucose, a major metabolic substrate for the mammalian fetus, probably makes significant contributions to surface active phospholipid synthesis in adult lung. We examined the developmental patterns of glycogen content, glycogen synthase activity, glycogen phosphorylase activity and glucose oxidation in fetal and newborn rat lung. These patterns were correlated with the development of phosphatidylcholine synthesis, content and the activities of enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Fetal lung glycogen concentration increased until day 20 of gestation (term is 22 days) after which it declined to low levels. Activity of both glycogen synthase I and total glycogen synthase (I + D) in fetal lung increased late in gestation. Increased lung glycogen concentration preceded changes in enzyme activity. Glycogen phosphorylase a and total glycogen phosphorylase (a + b) activity in fetal lung increased during the period of prenatal glycogen depletion. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, as measured by the ratio of CO2 derived from oxidation of C1 and C6 of glucose, declined after birth. Fetal lung total phospholipid, phosphatidycholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine content increased by 60, 90 and 180%, respectively, between day 19 of gestation and the first postnatal day. Incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine increased 10-fold during this time. No changes in phosphatidylcholine enzyme activities were noted during gestation, but both choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase activity increased after birth. The possible contributions of carbohydrate derived from fetal lung glycogen to phospholipid synthesis are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Location on chromosome 1 of Rnr, a gene that regulates renin in the submaxillary gland of the mouse.

Renin activity (EC 3.4.99.19) was measured in submaxillary gland extracts from four sets of recombinant inbred mouse strains. Recombination between Rnr, a gene that mediates the susceptibility of submaxillary gland renin to induction by androgen, and Dip-1, a chromosome 1 marker, was found in only 1 of 51 recombinant inbred strains, indicating that the two genes are closely linked on chromosome 1. Renin activity in androgen-treated female mice of all recombinant inbred strains resembled that of one or the other progenitor strains, as expected if a single gene is responsible. Documentation that a single gene can have major effects on renin in the submaxillary gland of the mouse implies that single gene differences might explain known variations in renin in other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous determination of cellular mutagenesis and transformation by chemical carcinogens in Fischer rat embryo cells.

Thirteen chemicals, eight carcinogenic and five closely related noncarcinogenic analogues, were tested to establish the validity of a simultaneous procedure for the in vitro assay of potential carcinogens and mutagens. The assay utilizes Fischer rat embryo (FRE) cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus and simultaneously measures the induction of cellular transformation (growth in soft agar) and mutagenesis (ouabain resistance) by chemicals. An activation procedure for the metabolic conversion of the procarcinogens and promutagens to biologically active forms is described. All chemicals that produced transformation in the FRE system also induced a significant increase in ouabain resistance. The significance and the potential uses of this assay are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Plant Nucleases: V. Survey of Corn Ribonuclease II Isoenzymes.

Corn (Zea mays L.) ribonuclease II of the root microsomal fraction was isolated from 11 inbreds and seven hybrids. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a total of five bands of activity among corn lines tested. Most inbreds had only one isoenzyme, but three had two isoenzymes. The hybrids tested contained all of the isoenzymes found in the parental inbreds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

An organ culture model for study of biochemical development of fetal rat lung.

We have developed a short-term organ culture model for the study of the biochemical and morphological development of late gestation fetal rat lung. Explants (1 mm3) of 19-day lung were cultured in an oxygen enriched environment in the presence of synthetic serum-free medium for 3 days. Morphological maturation continued in culture. The rate of incorporation of choline into disaturated phosphatidylcholine and the content of this phospholipid in the explants increased in vitro in a pattern very similar to that which occurs in vivo. The activities of choline kinase and cholinephosphotransferase were also similar in cultured lung and in vivo. Studies of glucose oxidation to CO2 provided additional evidence that the explants remained viable in culture. The explants retained the sensitivity of fetal lung to hormonal action. This was demonstrated by the stimulation of choline incorporation into phospholipid by cyclic AMP and an increase in the glycogen content after exposure to insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Genetic control of renin activity in the submaxillary gland of the mouse.

Administration of androgen to female mice is known to increase the level of several proteins in the submaxillary gland, including nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, esteroproteolytic activity, and renin. In the present study, renin activity has been assessed in extracts of submaxillary gland of female mice from two inbred strains (SWR/J and C57BL/10J), from F1 and F2 hybrids, and from backcrosses between F1 and parental strains. In both uninduced and induced mice, renin activity of submaxillary gland was more than 100-fold greater in SWR/J than in C57BL/10J mice as measured by either an enzymatic assay or an immunodiffusion method. This difference was not due to differences in plasma testosterone levels between the strains, and the enzymes from the two strains had similar pH optima, substrate specificities, heat stabilities, and apparent Michaelis constants. In the submaxillary gland the difference was relatively specific for renin because increases in esteroproteolytic activity, nerve growth factor, and epidermal growth factor after androgen treatment appeared to be similar in both strains. Studies with the various hybrids indicate that the difference in renin activity between the two strains is apparently due to a single regulatory gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The influence of postnatal nutritional deprivation on the phospholipid content of developing rat lung.

It has been previously reported that fasting may result in decreased lung surfactant production. In order to investigate this relationship and the role of nutrition in lung phospholipid synthesis, 21-day-old rats were exposed for 60 h to one of five dietary regimens: standard rat chow (controls), fasting, pure glucose, pure fat, or pure protein. After the period of fasting there was a 33% decrease in lung protein content, but there was no change in DNA content. Exposure to any of the experimental diets resulted in a decrease in tissue total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine content per lung, but not per unit lung protein. Similarly lung lavage phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine content was decreased by 25% after fasting when expressed per lung or per unit DNA, but not per unit protein. Pulmonary cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) activity was decreased in the fasted animals and those fed the protein diet, but not in the glucose or fat-fed animals. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) and microsomal fatty acid elongation were decreased in all the experimental groups except for the glucose-fed group. It is concluded that fasting results in a decrease in lung cell size but not in lung cell number. Total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine content in lung tissue and lung lavage is decreased per cell but not per unit cell mass.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1976

Metabolism of alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic acids: studies using rat and beef liver, and human leukocytes.

The reported studies have shown that alpha-DL-amino [1-14C]adipic acid is metabolized to radioactive alpha-ketoadipic acid and then to 14CO2 in rat and beef liver homogenates. It was also demonstrated that alpha-keto [1-14C]adipic acid is decarboxylated to 14CO2. The effects of several co-factors and other variables, i.e. alpha-ketoglutarate, pyridoxal phosphate, NAD, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), FAD, LA, and pH have also been delimited. These reactions and the effects of the co-factors were also established in freshly drawn leukocytes. Using the methods outlined, a technique for studying the metabolism of alpha-amino-adipate and alpha-ketoadipate in the leukocytes from 10 ml of blood was developed.

2-Aminoadipic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Studies on membrane-bound renin in the mouse and rat.

Membrane-bound renin was isolated from the submaxillary gland and kidney of the white Swiss Webster mouse and from the kidney of the rat. Administration of the male sex hormone testosterone or an anabolic steroid, such as nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin), induces renin activity in microsomal fraction of the submaxillary gland of the young female mouse. Actinomycin D blocks this induction partially. Renin that sedimented with the microsomal fraction was isolated from the homogenized kidney of the mouse by density gradient centrifugation. Microsomal renin was also isolated from rat kidney disrupted by the N2 cavitation technique. The enzyme in the microsomal fraction that had been washed extensively was only partially active, but freezing and thawing or Triton X-100 activated microsomal renin. The same microsomal fraction contained active kallikrein. In pilot studies a plasma membrane-enriched fraction was isolated from the microsomal fraction of the homogenized rat kidney cortex that had both renin and kallikrein activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alpha-ketoadipic aciduria: a description of a new metabolic error in lysine-tryptophan degradation.

Our studies of a mentally retarded male with extremely elevated levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid and alpha-ketoadipic acid in his urine have led to the description of a new metabolic defect, alpha-ketoadipic aciduria. Analysis of the urine and serum from the patient's family revealed that the patient (KW) had a mentally and physically normal sister (CW) with the same metabolites elevated, but the rest of the family appeared normal.

Adipates↗