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Biomedical subjects

C Main

Publications and source records attributed to C Main.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of inflammation of enteric nerves. Cytokine-induced changes in neurotransmitter content and release.

The results of our previously published work provide evidence of inflammation-induced functional disturbances in the enteric nervous system. Data presented in this paper describe our preliminary results indicating that the altered function in enteric nerves in the nematode-infected rat model of intestinal inflammation is mediated by interleukin-1. This is based on the ability of the exogenous cytokine to mimic changes observed in the model, and on the ability of a specific IL-1 antagonist to attenuate these changes. In addition, we have identified mechanisms underlying the actions of IL-1 in the myenteric plexus. Our data are consistent with a direct interaction between the cytokine and neural membranes. In addition, the delayed effect of IL-1 beta on neurotransmitter release appears to be due to the release of endogenous IL-1, most likely from macrophage-like cells in the myenteric plexus (Fig. 3). If such cells possess receptors for neuropeptides, as has been found with macrophages elsewhere in the gut, a neuroimmune axis would exist in the myenteric plexus. Thus, the finding of a source of IL-1 in the plexus of the noninflamed intestine invites speculation on a neuromodulatory role of the cytokine within the enteric nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Optimizing the learning process in short-term autogenic training by practice protocols].

The results of two studies are presented, in which the question was investigated, whether the learning process of autogenic training (AT) in short group programs can be improved by the use of a self-control technique (records for the AT-exercises realized without the group at home). Study I refers to 24 university students, who learned AT within their psychology education; Study II refers to 28 adults, who learned AT within a psychosocial community service for adults. Within control-group designs evaluative and follow-up data were gathered before, during, at the end, and 4 months after the AT-treatment. The data refer to psychosomatic complaints (SSP, ATSYM), depression (BDI), relaxation capacity and wellbeing (VFE) as well as subjective valuations of AT and the frequency of AT-exercising. The results of both studies show that the basal AT-exercises can be learned in short group programs (6 meetings within 6 weeks). The self-control technique promotes the learning process at short as well as at longer sight. Implications of the results for the realization of introductions to AT in out- and in-patient group treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Antioxidant therapy for recurrent pancreatitis: placebo-controlled trial.

Oxidant stress has been proposed as the initiating pathogenetic mechanism in pancreatitis, hence micronutrient antioxidant therapy has been assessed in patients with recurrent attacks and/or constant pancreatic pain. In a 20-week double-blind double-dummy crossover trial active treatment was given as two types of tablets providing daily doses of 600 micrograms organic selenium, 9000 IU beta carotene, 0.54 g vitamin C, 270 IU vitamin E and 2 g methionine. Of 28 patients enrolled, 20 adhered to the full protocol (idiopathic chronic 8, alcoholic chronic 7, idiopathic acute 5). Six patients had an attack whilst on placebo but none whilst on active treatment (P = 0.032). Analysis of visual analogue scoresheets to compare background pain in the 10-week period before entry and during each phase of the trial, using a 10-cm scale for each of 11 best descriptors, endorsed the beneficial effect of active treatment (placebo v baseline, P = 0.073; active v baseline, P less than 0.001; active v placebo, P = 0.049). The same trend emerged from analysis of pain-score diaries by conventional and time series methods. Micronutrient antioxidant therapy thus offers a new approach to the treatment of recurrent (non-gallstone) pancreatitis and/or pancreatic pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Antinuclear antibodies in patients receiving non-practolol beta-blockers.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in 54 (7.0%) out of 767 treated hypertensive patients compared with 59 (2.4%) out of 2470 healthy controls. Inclusion of a non-practolol beta-blocker in the treatment regimen did not significantly affect the incidence of ANA. ANA was found in significantly more patients being treated with methyldopa (13.0%) than patients receiving other hypotensive agents (3.8%). Non-practolol beta-blockers in combination with methyldopa did not increase the incidence of ANA further.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

Microhardness studies on the setting characteristics of fissure sealants.

The hardness of five fissure sealants was measured using a Wallace Microhardness Tester and found to continue to increase long after the initial setting. The effect of the intensity of radiation and exposure time on the setting of two u.v. activated sealants (Nuva-seal and Alphaseal) was also investigated, with higher intensities producing both a more rapid set and greater final hardness. Alphaseal required longer exposure at a given intensity of u.v. radiation to achieve the same hardness as Nuva-seal, and displayed relatively slow setting in depth, which could give rise to incomplete polymerization during clinical use, resulting in early sealant loss. Thus special care must be taken to ensure that Alphaseal receives an adequate exposure to u.v. radiation, and sources which are suitable for setting Nuva-seal may not be sufficiently powerful when applying Alphaseal.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1978

Ultra-violet absorption by two ultra-violet activated sealants.

Since the ability of u.v. setting pit and fissure sealants to set in depth is dependent on the penetration of the u.v. radiation, the absorption coefficients of Nuva-seal and Alphaseal were determined at 365 nm, the wavelength of radiation used to polymerise both materials. Nuva-seal and Alphaseal had absorption coefficients of 0.165 mm-1 and 6.25 mm-1, respectively. The u.v. fluorescent dye present in Alphaseal contributed 2.5 mm-1 to its absorption coefficient and the remaining absorption was due to the 5% w/w catalyst concentration present, since the basic resin had no significant absorption. Therefore Nuva-seal may set adequately to the depths required of fissure sealants, but Alphaseal may not, unless a very high intensity u.v. source is used. A reduction in the catalyst concentration and the removal of the u.v. fluorescent dye might improve the setting characteristics of Alphaseal.

Adsorption↗