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Biomedical subjects

C Mallios

Publications and source records attributed to C Mallios.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Submental intubation: surgical and anesthesiological aspects].

In patients with cranio-maxillofacial trauma and in corrections of cranio-facial anomalies submental intubation may be used during surgery and postoperatively. In the period June 2001-May 2002 submental intubation was performed on five patients with cranio-maxillofacial trauma and on two patients with cranio-facial anomalies (Dubowitz syndrome (LeFort II osteotomy and distraction) in one patient and cheilognathopalatoschisis (Le Fort I osteotomy and distraction) in the other). In accordance with the literature the submental intubation technique was a useful, fast and safe technique which provides a secure airway during surgery. No postoperative intubation-related complications were seen in the group of patients. It provides the surgeon with an excellent view of the operation field and permits optimal intra-operative control of the dental occlusion. Combined procedures by the surgeon and the anaesthetist must be planned beforehand.

Craniofacial Abnormalities↗
PubMed1999

Anesthesia for endobronchial laser surgery: a modified technique.

UNLABELLED: We describe a technique for endobronchial surgery with the neodynium:yttium-aluminum-garnet laser, in which an insufflation catheter with side holes placed into the contralateral mainstem bronchus is used for high-frequency positive pressure ventilation. Thirty-five patients (45 procedures) were treated during general anesthesia using a rigid bronchoscope in combination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Perioperatively, oxygen saturation (SaO2), mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were recorded. SaO2 during the recovery period was comparable to that during the intraoperative period but was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that before the induction of anesthesia. There was a considerable (> or = 5%) increase in SaO2 at the end of the treatment in six patients, which indicates that the recanalization of the treated airway was successful. Our data support the assumption that, during endobronchial resection, selective ventilation of the nonaffected lung was adequate; in addition, subcarinal placement of the insufflation catheter with side holes was advantageous. We conclude that this technique contributes to the prevention of lung complications during endobronchial laser surgery. IMPLICATIONS: We describe a technique in which an insufflation catheter with side holes placed into the contralateral mainstem bronchus largely prevented inhalation of laser smoke and aspiration of blood and debris.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Peroral endoscopies using intravenous anesthesia and high-frequency ventilation.

Peroral endoscopies and elective or emergency surgery must often be performed in the airway of patients in poor physical condition. This retrospective review of 600 patients undergoing various surgical procedures found that 194 were ASA physical status groups III or IV, with various abnormalities affecting the cardiorespiratory or central and peripheral nervous systems. These patients received iv anesthesia using short-acting drugs, to guarantee rapid postoperative recovery. All were intraoperatively ventilated with either high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation or high-frequency jet ventilation. Both techniques proved effective, even in patients with upper airway obstruction. In combination with CO2 laser removal of tumors of the glottic region, high-frequency ventilation may prevent the need for emergency tracheotomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

High frequency ventilation in laser surgery of the larynx.

For endolaryngeal laser surgery an anaesthetic technique is required which provides the surgeon good access to the larynx. High frequency ventilation of the lungs using a FG 14 insufflation catheter covered by aluminium foil has proved to give a nearly optimal condition for the surgeon, while the fully paralyzed patient is very well ventilated. This has been used in more than 1000 patients, 200 of them have been treated by the laser beam in the airway. A method of total intravenous anaesthesia is described using short acting drugs. This way early awakening after surgery in the airways prevents aspiration of blood or debris into the lungs.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

Etomidate suppresses adrenocortical function by inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxylation.

We studied the effect of short term infusion of the imidazole-derived anesthetic agent etomidate on plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and the cortisol-precursors 11-desoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. During the infusion of etomidate, a significant increase in the peripheral concentration of ACTH occurred, while plasma cortisol concentrations decreased. After the end of the infusion, cortisol concentrations further decreased, while the concentrations of desoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone increased. Furthermore, in in vitro experiments with isolated rat pituitary and adrenal cells, etomidate did not affect corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced ACTH secretion from pituitary cells, whereas ACTH-stimulated corticosterone secretion from adrenal cells was inhibited by addition of etomidate in concentrations which occur in plasma during and after infusion of the drug. These results lead to the conclusion that etomidate inhibits adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylation.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1982

Evidence of low-grade intravascular coagulation in patients with transvenous pacemakers.

Serum fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were measured in 4 groups of patients. In Group A (30 patients) FDP levels were measured before and 48-60 hours after pacemaker and transvenous electrode placement. They remained negative (less than 10 micrograms/ml) in 14, rose to greater than 10 micrograms/ml less than 40 micrograms/ml in 12, and greater than 40 micrograms/ml in 4. In 12 Group B patients undergoing the same procedure, FDP levels remained negative in 8, and rose in 4 after 24 hours and after 7 days. In 12 Group C patients studied at initial electrode and battery implantation and 3-6 months later, there were the same results in short- and long-term FDP measurements (8 negative and 4 elevated). Finally, in 14 patients with negative FDP levels who underwent battery replacement only, 3.1 to 5.2 years after their initial operation (Group D), no increase of FDP titer was seen postoperatively. Our results suggest that elevated FDP levels suggest subclinical intravenous or intracardiac thrombosis in patients with transvenous pacemakers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in left bundle-branch block.

In order to determine whether the electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy apply in the presence of left bundle-branch block we studied 79 cases of intermittent left bundle-branch block and compared the QRS voltage and axis before and after its onset. Cases of incomplete left bundle-branch block were excluded. There was a statistically significant correlation between pre- and post-left bundle-branch block values of R or S wave voltage in leads I, V1, V2, V5, and V6, the Sokolow index (R V5 or V6 + S V1), and the QRS axis. There was a statistically significant reduction in R wave voltage in leads I, V5, and V6, an increase in S wave voltage in V1 and V2, and leftward shift of QRS axis, but the Sokolow index remained unchanged, after the onset of left bundle-branch block. The Sokolow criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy apply satisfactorily even in the presence of left bundle-branch block, though specificity is low, but QRS axis is unhelpful.

Bundle-Branch Block↗
PubMed1978

"Torsades de pointe": a distinct entity of ventricular arrhythmia?

Seven cases of an unusual type of ventricular arrhythmia, already named "Torsades de pointe" by French authors, are presented. It is characterized by a changing pattern of the ventricular complexes, spontaneous onset and cessation, and refractoriness to defibrillation and antiarrhythmic drugs which decrease intraventricular conduction. Prior to its onset, Q-T prolongation is almost universally seen in the ECG. Hypokalemia, myocardial depressants and bradycardia are common causes. Isoproterenol and rapid cardiac pacing are recommended as the treatment of choice. This arrhythmia is a distinct entity, quite different from typical ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.

Aged↗