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Biomedical subjects

C Marchand

Publications and source records attributed to C Marchand.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical study of normal skin of HIV-1-infected patients shows no evidence of infection of epidermal Langerhans cells by HIV.

Langerhans cells (LC) are dendritic epidermal antigen-presenting cells expressing the surface molecule CD4, which renders them theoretical cellular targets for direct infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, somewhat conflicting results have been reported concerning the in vivo infection of LC by HIV as well as the numerical alteration of these cells in the course of HIV infection. In the present work we studied clinically normal skin of a group of 44 HIV-1-seropositive patients classified according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stages II (n = 14), III (n = 9), and IV (n = 21). Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to HIV p18, p24, and gp120 and to HLA-DR and CD1a antigens (specific for LC) were applied on frozen skin sections using an amplification biotin-streptavidin-fluorescein technique. The MAb to HIV p18 cross-reacted with a cytoplasmic antigen of epidermal basal keratinocytes also present on HIV-seronegative skin specimens. No other reactivity was observed with any of the three anti-HIV MAb. The quantitative study showed that no significant correlations could be established between the number of LC (evaluated independently by HLA-DR and CD1a antigens) and the number of peripheral blood CD4+ve lymphocytes or the CDC disease stage. These results cast some doubt on the previously reported in vivo infection and numerical decrease in LC in HIV infection. The precise involvement of LC in HIV infection awaits further investigation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Stewart-Treves syndrome: an histogenetic (ultrastructural and immunohistological) study.

One case of the so-called "Stewart-Treves syndrome" (STS), appearing on a lymphoedematous arm complicating radical mastectomy for breast cancer, was characterized electronmicroscopically and immunohistologically, in order to elucidate its disputed (epithelial vs endothelial) histogenesis. Epithelial and endothelial differentiation markers used comprised: antibodies against keratin, vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII-RA), HLA-DR antigens and the lectin Ulex europeaus agglutinin I (UEA I). At the ultrastructural level, neoplastic cells were found to contain typical Weibel-Palade bodies, whereas by immunohistological techniques they proved to be keratin-negative/vimentin+, F VIII-RA+, UEAI+, HLA-DR+. These results rule out a possible epithelial differentiation and strongly favour an endothelial one for STS.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Donovanosis. Apropos of a new case of granuloma inguinale in France].

We report a new case of granuloma inguinale in France. A 47 years old Turkish man living in France for eight years had an ulcerovegetative lesion on the corona sulcus and inner aspect of the prepuce for three months. Donovanosis was established by granulation time smears and Giemsa's stain showing Donovan bodies inside large mononuclear cells. Complete resolution occurred after treatment with ampicillin for three weeks and later doxycycline for a month. Granuloma inguinale is rare in France and must not be forgotten. Epidemiologic data, clinical manifestations and therapeutic indications are reviewed.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome. Apropos of a case].

The trichorhinopharyngeal (TRP) syndrome type I (Giedion, 1966) is characterized clinically by craniofacial dysmorphism with sparse hair, pear-shaped nose and long philtrum, and abnormalities of the extremities (disabling deformities of the hands and feet). The diagnosis is confirmed by the finding, at radiology, of cone-shaped epiphyses at the base of the middle phalanges. The discovery of patients presenting with other clinical and radiological abnormalities (growth retardation, microcephaly, mental retardation, multiple exostoses) has led to the individualization of a type II syndrome (Langer-Giedion, 1969). We report here a new case of TRP type I and review current data concerning the syndrome, notably the clinical and genetic differences between types I and II. Our case concerned a 43-year-old female patient who consulted for sparse, fine, brittle and very unaesthetic hair obliging her to wear a wig permanently. Examination disclosed other morphological abnormalities, including disabling deformities of the extremities (clinobrachydactyly of the hands and feet which had been present since the age of 6-7 years) and peculiar facial features with a globulous, pear-shaped nose and a long philtrum. She was of small size and had no mental retardation. These clinical symptoms and the finding of cone-shaped epiphyses (type 12) at the base of the middle phalanges led to affirm diagnosis of TRP type I. The case appeared to be solitary. The TRP syndrome was individualized by Giedion in 1966. It is usually detected during the later childhood. In 1969, Langer and Gorlin reported similar features in patients who, in addition, presented with multiple exostoses (hands and feet and body skeleton).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

[A complication of peritoneojugular shunt for ascites: peritoneal migration of the shunt tubing].

A peritoneojugular shunt operation was done in a cirrhotic patient with ascites. The Le Veen valve functioned correctly for six months. The patient then experienced recurrence of ascites following an uncommon complication: migration of the shunt tubing into the peritoneal cavity. The tubing could no longer be felt in the cervical or thoracic regions. Plain roentgenograms of the abdomen showed that the shunt tubing was in the peritoneal cavity.

Ascites↗
PubMed1982

Intrahepatic disposition of xenobiotics in relation with their partition coefficient.

To investigate the influence of the partition coefficient of a drug upon its intracellular disposition, ouabain, chloramphenicol and tetracycline kinetics were studied in the rat liver. Under ether anesthesia, various doses of the test drugs were injected into the portal vein, and the rats sacrificed at varying times later. The liver was homogenized and the drugs measured in the homogenate, and in the subcellular fractions. Intracellular distribution was almost instantaneous. Ouabain (P, l-octanol/H2O = o.01), tetracycline (P,l-octanol/h2) = 0.03) and chloramphenicol metabolites accumulated preferentially in the cytosol fraction, and chloramphenicol (P, l-octanol/H2O = 13.8) in the smooth microsomal fraction. There was an excellent correlation between the percentages of the test drugs recovered in the microsomal fractions relative to the homogenates and the log P of these substrates. None of the drugs nor their metabolites accumulated in the Golgi fraction. The hepatic uptake of ouabain was similar to that observed with chloramphenicol. However the hepatic uptake of tetracycline was approximately 50% regardless of the dose tested. Ouabain, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were eliminated in a first order fashion. However, the transport mechanisms of elimination of chloramphenicol glucuronide were saturated. It is concluded that the intrahepatic distribution is a passive process which depends on the partition coefficient of the test drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Disorders of the mother-child relationship in newborn infants with low birth weight].

The influence of premature birth or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on the mother-child relationship has been studied in 80 children with birth-weight below 2000 g, treated in the Neonatology Unit of the Pediatric Department of Lausanne University. 40 children with birth-weight over 2500 g and without perinatal complications born in the Obstetrical Department of the same hospital were used as controls. The 80 infants with low birth-weight presented only minor neonatal disturbances and showed later on a normal psychomotor development. The mother-child relationship was evaluated by free and structured interviews accompanied by a questionnaire and by regular contacts throughout the first 12 months. With the exception of the professional work of the mother during and after pregnancy, all the family and social factors were not significantly different in the 3 groups. The mothers of premature children showed significantly more disturbances of their family relationship than the mothers in the control group. On the other hand, a significantly higher number of attachment problems is the only difference observed in the group of mothers of IUGR-babies. There was no mathematical correlation between these problems and the characteristics of the family and social-economic environment of the mothers. The importance of subjective, i.e. psychological, factors as cause of difficulties in the mother-child relationship is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

GLC-mass spectrometric procedure with selected-ion monitoring for determination of plasma concentrations of unlabeled and labeled barbital following simultaneous oral and intravenous administration.

A GLC-mass spectometric method employing specific-ion monitoring was developed for the determination of plasma concentrations of labeled (15N1,3, 13C2) and unlabeled barbital following simultaneous intravenous and oral administration. This method proved to be more sensitive and precise than the method employing GLC with flame-ionization detection or GLC with alkali flame-ionization detection. After extraction of [15N1,3, 13C2]barbital, barbital, and the internal standard, butalbital, from plasma with ether, the organic solvent is evaporated, and the labeled and unlabeled drug as well as the internal standard are converted into their N,N-dimethyl derivatives by treatment with diazomethane. The excess reagent is evaporated, and the resulting methyl derivatives are analyzed by GLC-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The method is sufficiently sensitive to determine 0.5 microgram of the labeled and unlabeled drug/ml with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The application of the method to the determination of the plasma concentration of labeled and unlabeled drug over 6 days following simultaneous oral and intravenous administration of a single dose is demonstrated.

Administration, Oral↗