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Biomedical subjects

C Marty

Publications and source records attributed to C Marty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Circulating interleukin-8 concentrations in patients with multiple organ failure of septic and nonseptic origin.

OBJECTIVES: Interleukin (IL)-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a potent chemoattractant factor and an activator of neutrophils produced by many cell types after stimulation by IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or microbial products such as endotoxins. We investigated whether the presence of measurable IL-8 in plasma was associated with the clinical status of severely ill septic or nonseptic patients susceptible to the development of multiple organ failure. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: A collaborative study between an intensive care unit and a research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Circulating IL-8 concentrations were measured in the plasma of 27 patients with sepsis syndrome and in 16 patients with noninfectious shock because these two conditions put patients at risk for the development of multiple organ failure. Sixteen of 27 patients with severe infection and 13 of 16 patients with noninfectious pathologies developed multiple organ failure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-8 was set up with a monoclonal and a rabbit polyclonal antihuman IL-8 using a sandwich technique. High concentrations of circulating IL-8 were found in the plasma of patients with sepsis syndrome. Among septic patients, a significant difference was observed between concentrations of IL-8 in survivors (n = 16) and nonsurvivors (n = 11) (81 +/- 13 pg/mL vs. 3326 +/- 1219 pg/mL, respectively; p = .001). A correlation was noticed between plasma IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations (r2 = .42; p = .001), while no correlation was observed between IL-8 and TNF-alpha values, or between IL-8 and IL-1 beta. Although the mortality rate of nonseptic, multiple organ failure patients was 92%, low plasma concentrations of IL-8 were found (78 +/- 34 pg/mL), while high plasma concentrations were measured in septic, multiple organ failure patients (mortality rate 69%) who were sampled at a similar stage. By contrast, increased IL-6 values were observed in both septic and nonseptic, multiple organ failure patients. CONCLUSIONS: In septic patients, high amounts of circulating IL-8 concentrations correlate with fatal outcome, whereas only low plasma concentrations of IL-8 are present in patients with nonseptic, multiple organ failure. This finding suggests that the signals involved in the exacerbation of IL-8 production are different, depending on infectious or noninfectious etiology.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effect of sugar and acid on the acceptability of frozen yogurt to a student population.

One hundred and forty-one college students tasted and rated on a nine-point hedonic scale their degree of liking for nine samples of vanilla frozen yogurt varying in sugar and lactic acid. Subjects were also asked to complete a questionnaire about consumption of frozen yogurt and other dairy products. Degree of liking differed significantly among samples, and the samples best liked were those with the lowest acidity, .23 to .29%, independent of sugar concentration. Degree of liking of frozen yogurt failed to correlate with dairy product consumption or hunger at the time of testing. No significant difference existed between male and female students for overall degree of liking of frozen yogurt or overall dairy product intake, yet the questionnaire revealed a significantly higher consumption of frozen yogurt among female students. The results of this study suggest that, for the student population tested, frozen yogurt should combine the sensory properties of ice cream (low acidity) with the nutritional properties of yogurt (low fat, active enzyme culture).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Osteoarthritis with rice bodies rich in calcium microcrystals. 4 cases with ultrastructural study].

Rice bodies are often found in inflammatory joint fluid specimens, especially from rheumatoid arthritis patients, but have rarely been reported in osteoarthritis. We found rice bodies in knee joint fluid specimens from four of 88 patients with osteoarthritis. There were three males and one female. Age ranged from 61 to 86 years. Three patients had slowly progressive knee osteoarthritis and one had rapidly destructive disease. Abundant, recurrent effusions occurred in all four patients despite one to five local corticosteroid injections per patient and radiation synovectomy in two patients. The joint fluid specimens contained 120 to 320 cells/mm3 and large numbers of rice bodies that stained with alizarin red S. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the rice bodies were composed of fibrin and contained numerous intra- and extra-cellular calcium crystals composed of apatite alone in two cases and of a combination of apatite and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the two others. Collagen fibers and fragments of bone and cartilage were present in a few rice bodies. Phagocytic cells, type C synoviocytes, chondrocytes and a few inflammatory cells were also seen. These rice bodies composed mainly of fibrin and apatite may have played a role in the pathogenesis of the recurrent joint effusions in our patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[An intracardiac needle without thoracic penetration].

The authors report on the asymptomatic case of a child with intra cardiac needle, which was discovered after systematic pre operative X Ray chest film. Surgical removal of this foreign body could be performed before any of its possibly lethal complications (50%).

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1987

[Free tumors of the peritoneum. Review of the literature apropos of a case].

Free bodies in the peritoneum are observed infrequently, particularly large solid tumors as in the present report. Of slightly more frequent occurrence are detached epiploic appendices or cystic tumors. Symptomatology varies greatly according to whether organs are compressed or irritated by the free body. Diagnosis is always preoperative, and the postoperative course simple because the tumor is delivered without dissection or ligature. Prognosis is good since these tumors are benign. Histopathology demonstrates origin and histologic nature of free body, and operation for a "chronic uterine fibroma" in the present case revealed a large free tumor. Operative findings (absence of right appendage) and histology suggested a diagnosis more likely to be of ovarian fibroma with a ruptured pedicle from chronic torsion. Despite the advanced age of the patient (96 years) no postoperative complications were reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effects of theophylline on isolated diaphragmatic fibers. A model for pharmacologic studies on diaphragmatic contractility.

An in vitro model of isolated diaphragmatic muscle fibers was developed to study the effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic contractility. The effects of theophylline on this model were compared for each dose with the effects of the drugs on a "classic" hemidiaphragmatic muscle preparation. Diaphragmatic strips obtained from 20 rats were placed into an open topped channel of a plexiglass tissue chamber and perfused with continuously flowing Krebs solution heated to 37 degrees and bubbled with a 95% O2 and 5% CO2 gas mixture so as to maintain pH, PO2, PCO2 constant (7.4, 100, and 35 mmHg, respectively). Isometric force generated in response to 1 Hz supramaximal electrical stimulation was measured with a highly sensitive photoelectric transducer. Graded doses of aminophylline (15 to 75 mg/L) were administered and their effect assessed on diaphragmatic peak twitch tension. On the single diaphragmatic muscle fibers preparation, theophylline produced a dose dependent increase in peak twitch tension, which, at a concentration of theophylline of 15 mg/L, a therapeutic dose, amounted to 111 +/- 1.5% of control (p less than 0.05). At a concentration of 60 mg/L the increase in peak twitch tension averaged 35 +/- 2.5% of control, (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, theophylline had no effect on the hemidiaphragm preparation until a dose of 250 mg/L. These findings suggest that the effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic contractility are due to a direct action of the drug on the contractile properties of the diaphragmatic fibers and also validate the presented in vitro model as a promising one for future pharmacologic studies on diaphragmatic contractility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of hypocalcemia on diaphragmatic strength generation.

We studied the effects of hypocalcemia on diaphragmatic force and diaphragm blood flow (Qdi) in 12 anesthetized dogs. The diaphragm was electrically stimulated with intramuscular electrodes surgically implanted in the ventral surface of each hemidiaphragm. The transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during supramaximal (50 V) 2-s stimulations applied over a frequency range of 10-100 Hz was measured with balloon catheters during tracheal occlusion at functional residual capacity. A catheter was placed via the femoral vein into the left inferior phrenic vein, and Qdi was measured by timed volume collections of left inferior venous effluent. A catheter was introduced in a femoral artery to monitor blood pressure (BP). In five additional dogs, the force generated by the sartorius muscle during electrical stimulation was also studied concomitantly to diaphragmatic force. The animals were mechanically ventilated throughout the experiment, and the arterial blood gases and pH were maintained constant. Hypocalcemia was induced by a continuous infusion of EGTA (70 mg X kg-1 X h-1), which led to a progressive decrease (P less than 0.0001) of ionized calcium plasmatic level from 2.21 +/- 0.4 meq/1 during control to 1.69 +/- 0.06, 1.25 +/- 0.5, and 1.07 +/- 0.5 meq/1 after 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively. Hypocalcemia decreased progressively Pdi, which amounted to 84 +/- 3 (P less than 0.001) and 98 +/- 2% of control values for the low frequencies (10 and 20 Hz) and the high frequencies (50 and 100 Hz), respectively, after 30 min of EGTA infusion and to 74 +/- 5 and 79 +/- 6% for the low and high frequencies, respectively, after 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Metastases of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.

In the present study, using systematic microscopic examination, we tried to determine the true incidence of metastases in nude mice bearing a wide variety of human tumors. A total of 63 malignant tumors were successfully transplanted subcutaneously and 831 nude mice bearing tumors were examined. It appeared that 17 of the 63 tumors (26.9%) retained their metastatic ability in nude mice. Most of these tumors were adenocarcinomas (11/17 cases). Generally the metastatic deposits in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the lymph nodes were small and thus only detectable on microscopic examination. We also found a positive correlation between the presence of metastases and neoplastic infiltration of the lymphatic and/or blood vessels around the subcutaneous tumors. Metastatic human tumors, including neoplastic cells from effusion, exhibited higher metastatic ability than primary tumors (p less than 0.005). However, the expression of this metastatic potential depends on several factors including tumor volume, survival time after inoculation and murine hepatitis infection. Thus, animals with metastases bore larger tumors (9.56 cm3) than those without metastasis (6.35 cm3; p less than 0.0001). Moreover, survival time after inoculation was longer in mice with metastases (104 days) than in mice without metastases (81 days; p less than 0.0001). A negative influence of viral hepatitis on the incidence of metastases was observed. This may simply be related to the shortened life span of the animals. Death due to this infection may precede the expression of the metastatic potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Monoarthritis symptomatic of adjacent bone tumors. Study of 5 cases].

The authors present 5 cases of monoarthritis which revealed adjacent bone tumours: a bony metastasis, a fibrosarcoma and three bone lymphomas. In three cases, the synovial histology showed lesions of non-specific synovitis without neoplastic invasion. A review of the literature demonstrates the rarity of these mono- or oligo- arthrites adjacent to bone tumours and two types can be distinguished: neoplastic invasion of the synovium or reactive non-specific synovitis without invasion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells in benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations.

Multinucleate giant cells resembling Warthin-Finkeldey cells have been described in various lymphoid disorders. These Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells (WFLC) with as many as 50 nuclei are of three main types: reticular, lymphocyte and intermediary. In reactive lymphoid proliferations (34 cases) WFLC were mainly observed inside germinal centres and to a lesser extent in the interfollicular zones. In neoplastic lymphoid proliferations (33 cases) WFLC were most commonly found in the lymphocytic predominance type of Hodgkin's disease (16/25 cases). All non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (13 cases) in which WFLC were detected proved to be of low grade malignancy (lymphocytic: one case, lymphoplasmacytic-plasmacytoid: six cases; and centroblastic-centrocytic, six cases). They were also found in two cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic studies could not elucidate the exact histogenesis of these cells, but it is assumed that they are associated with B cell proliferations.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1980

Human lymphomas transplanted in nude mice.

This study was carried out to determine the take rate of malignant lymphomas transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Lymphoid tissue from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative and lymphomatous disorders was employed, but only four (8.3% of total) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of various types grew in the nude mice. These transplants were from patients with lymphoplasmacytic, lymphoblastic, immunoblastic and centroblastic lymphomas; two of them were serially transferred. High grade malignant lymphomas seem easier to transplant than low grade ones. In each case, the tumor growing in nude mice was similar to the patient's tumor. In one case, metastases were found in mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Electron microscopic study showed that neoplastic cells were associated with peculiar dark cells the nature of which is discussed. Furthermore, in two transplanted lymphomas, neoplastic cells contained C type virus particles, indicating contamination by the murine xenotropic type C virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Emergency disobliteration of the carotid prepolygonal segment. Personal experience of 76 cases].

The authors report 76 cases of carotid obstruction, mainly localized at the origin of the carotid artery, that have been operated upon in emergency. Two types of lesions are considered: occlusion and very tight stenosis. The principle of early surgery in cases of acute occlusion is very controverse. According to the facts reported (38 cases) results are rewarding when operative decision is taken under precise conditions judged as favorable: short lapse of time since occlusive onset, absence of intracranial hypertension, absence of comatose state and no sign of brain oedema. Some patients under go surgery in the priviledged condition of being already in a medico-surgical unit (post operative, post angiographic, embolic occlusions). Majority present the most common hemiplegic attack. However difficulty resides in the inefficient mode of transport to hospital and lack of highly specialized units on admission. A very tight stenosis (at extreme a pseudo-occlusive stenosis) with clinical recurrent deficit, modified Loppler's recording and hemodynamic repercussion at angiography is an operative emergency. When results of early surgery on 38 cases of stenosis are compared to those of late operation in 14 similar cases early decision becomes compulsory once tight stenosis of the carotid artery is identified and operative criteria respected. In the light of this report that "wait and see attitude" needs be somewhat revised when confronted to the dramatic ictal hemiplegia.

Carotid Artery Thrombosis↗