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Biomedical subjects

C Maslach

Publications and source records attributed to C Maslach.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Job burnout.

Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

Six areas of worklife: a model of the organizational context of burnout.

Burnout research has considered a wide range of organizational correlates of burnout. It is argued that integrating these various organizational qualities into a comprehensive model of organizational environments will further research on burnout. The primary themes in burnout research fit readily into six areas of worklife; workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. These areas are sufficiently broad to encompass the rich variety of research approaches taken in the field while being sufficiently precise to permit clear distinctions among them. The review identifies a consistent body of research on the relationships of these six areas with burnout. The review concludes by considering issues for a research agenda on the organizational antecedents of burnout and noting the implications of a focus on mismatches for interventions.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent AIDS prevention in context: the impact of peer educator qualities and classroom environments on intervention efficacy.

Peer-led, school-based interventions show promise for preventing AIDS among adolescents, but little is known about the processes underlying effective peer education or the conditions that promote its efficacy. This study examined the implementation in one school of an effective, peer-led AIDS prevention program for inner-city 7th-grade participants (n = 123) and identified the qualities of peer educators (n = 15) and classroom environments (n = 5) that contributed to improvement in participants' postintervention AIDS-related attitudes. The Peer Educator Rating Scale was developed to assess two dimensions of participants' perceptions of peer educators: "positive regard" and "perceived similarity." Participants reported greater positive regard for more highly individuated and less shy peer educators, and participants' positive regard for peer educators in turn was associated with lowered AIDS risk as measured by perceptions of peer norms regarding sexual activity and self-efficacy for peer communication regarding sexual topics and condoms. Participants' perceived similarity was not associated with any postintervention improvements in AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes. Participants' classroom membership was associated with improvements in all 5 knowledge and attitude scales, and exploratory classroom-level findings indicated that classroom intervention environments perceived as more organized by participants showed slightly greater overall improvements across AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes scales. Consistent with individual-level findings regarding participants' positive regard for peer educators, the two classrooms with the greatest positive regard for their peer educator teams showed the most student improvement. Implications for further research and the design of future prevention and promotion programs for adolescents are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Establishing the social impact of individuation.

The present research examined relations between individuation, the willingness to publicly differentiate oneself from others, and three dimensions that may lead to high social impact: creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness. Study 1 describes the development of a Q-sort prototype of the high individuator. In Study 2 the prototype was used to construct a new measure of individuation; individuation showed predicted relations with creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness. In Study 3 the prototype measure was used to examine the behavioral expression of individuation within the context of a combined managerial and personality assessment center. High individuators engaged in more creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness; they were more willing to express dissenting opinions; and they contributed more to a group discussion task than did low individuators. The results clarify the link between high individuation and high social impact.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Characteristics of staff burnout in mental health settings.

To determine the characteristics of staff burnout and ways of coping with it, the authors gathered data on institution-relation and personal variables for 76 staff members in various mental health facilities in the San Francisco area. A correlational analysis revealed a large number of statistically significant findings. For instance, the longer staff had worked in the mental health field, the less they liked working with patients, the less successful they felt with them, and the less humanistic were their attitudes toward mental illness. The authors present recommendations for reducing staff stress and subsequent burnout, including allowing more chances for temporary withdrawal from direct patient care and changing the function of staff meetings.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1973

Objective assessment of hypnotically induced time distortion.

The objective precision of operant conditioning methodology validates the power of hypnosis to induce alterations in time perception. Personal tempo was systematically modified by instructions to trained hypnotic subjects, with significant behavioral effects observed on a variety of response rate measures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burned-out.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗