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Biomedical subjects

C McGrath

Publications and source records attributed to C McGrath.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of race on waiting time in two urban emergency departments.

This study examines the relation between patient race and waiting time in two urban Emergency Departments, located in the northeastern United States. Consecutive patients presenting with lacerations make up the subjects in the study. In order to control for the effect of disease severity, we restricted the sample to patients presenting with small, single lacerations requiring sutures. Patients who were intoxicated, had experienced syncope, had been involved in motor vehicle accidents, or who required tests or consultation were excluded. Taking socio-demographic (age, sex, insurance status) and clinical variables (location of laceration, time of day, day of week) into account, we found no substantial difference in total time spent in the Emergency Departments between whites and non-whites.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Safety and efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in patients with discoid or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

An eight-week, open-label study was conducted to test the efficacy, safety, and cosmetic acceptability of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The sunscreen combined the ultraviolet A absorber avobenzone (Parsol 1789, Givaudan Corp) and the ultraviolet B absorber padimate O and had a sun protection factor greater than fifteen. The overall clinical disease severity decreased from 2.7 (four point scale) at baseline to 1.7 after eight weeks (p = 0.005). Cutaneous signs and symptoms, including hyperpigmentation, papules, scaling, and erythema, were significantly less severe at the end of the study. The level of protection provided by the sunscreen was good to excellent in 54 percent of patients, and was judged to be superior or far superior to previously used sun protection factor-fifteen sunscreens in 77 percent of patients. Most patients found the sunscreen highly acceptable with respect to its cosmetic properties.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Recurrent vaginitis.

Recurrent vulvo-vaginitis is indeed a difficult problem with both a physical and psycho-sexual impact on the patient. A thorough and caring approach is important to help patients through a demanding time. Future hopes lie in the refinement of better tolerated oral imidazoles and the research into the immunology of candidiasis.

Female↗
PubMed1985

An analysis of 12 months admissions to a regional infection unit with an open door admission policy.

All admissions to the Aberdeen Infection Unit over a period of 12 months have been analysed. Forty per cent of the patients proved to have non-infectious conditions although most were referred as having an infectious disease. Those patients with infectious diseases were younger and had a shorter stay in hospital. Also there was seasonal variation in the time of their admission as well as a low mortality rate when compared with older patients with non-infectious disease admitted over the same period. Cross infection did not arise in spite of patients sharing accommodation.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of the optical contributions to the age-related deterioration in vision.

Contrast sensitivities were measured in human observers of different ages in response to sinusoidal grating patterns generated by laser interferometer and cathode ray tube (c.r.t.). The former method bypasses the effects of the optical media to assess directly the contrast sensitivity of the retina/visual system, while the over-all assessment including optical media is made to the c.r.t. display. The ratio of the two sets of values gives the contrast ratio of the optical media. The latter assessment does not include the effects of wide-angle light scattering which were measured by comparing the responses of eyes with a Perspex lens implant or without any lens at all (i.e. without the major source of scattering) with natural eyes. With increasing age, c.r.t. contrast sensitivities remained steady until the sixth decade when they declined while laser interference fringe contrast sensitivities declined continuously, apart from some abnormally low results for teenage observers. In contrast, the optical contrast did not vary systematically with age nor did its rate of change with spatial frequency vary. The latter was always less than the rate for laser interference fringe contrast sensitivities indicating that the retina/visual system always sets the limit to visual resolution. Wide-angle light scattering was not found to contribute significantly to the changes in ageing nor did reduced retinal illumination, as reproduced by reduced pupil diameter or viewing through a neutral density filter. We therefore conclude that the age-related deterioration is primarily caused by changes within the central nervous system rather than the optical media, the transmission quality of which remains unaffected.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Reexpression of the original tumor pattern by a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) in sponge culture.

A stable cell line (MCF-7), derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma, was maintained in these laboratories for more than 3 years in conventional monolayer culture. To further characterize the tumor origin of the MCF-7 line, cells were grown on collagen-coated cellulos sponges. On the three-dimensional sponge matrix, the cells formed clusters, ductlike structures, and lumina similar to the patterns observed in the antecedent primary tumor and in the pleural metastasis. The similarity between the original tumor and the cells grown in sponge suggested that the MCF-7 cells did in fact retain the potential to express the histologic patterns of tumor, even in the absence of stroma support. This study confirmed the utility of sponge culture for the investigation of the retention of tumor characteristics by cultured cells of neoplastic origin.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1976

An experimental animal model for the study of human scirrhous carcinoma.

Scirrhous-like carcinomas were induced by the inoculation of cloned mouse mammary carcinoma cells into the cleared fat pads of BALB/c mice. The inoculated cells induced palpable tumors in 100% of the animals within 60 days. The epithelial cells in vivo grew in rows and clusters and were attached by short developing desmosomes. Microvilli and organelles were scarce; intracisternal type A particles were observed in all the epithelial cells. Carcinoma cells invaded the dermis and muscle. The stroma was formed by morphologically normal fibroblasts and large masses of collagen. No virus particles were observed budding from the epithelial cell surface or in the stromal fibroblasts. The similarities between the scirrhous-like carcinoma in BLAB/c mice and the juman scirrhous carcinoma suggest this animal system as a model for the study of the human disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗