[Turcot syndrome associated with multiple tumors].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
C Morales
Publications and source records attributed to C Morales.
[Salsalate: is it more tolerated than other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents?].
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Immunocytochemical localization of sulfated glycoprotein-1 (SGP-1) and identification of its transcripts in epithelial cells of the extratesticular duct system of the rat.
The localization of sulfated glycoprotein-1 (SGP-1) in the extratesticular duct system was analyzed using an affinity purified antibody raised against the protein in conjunction with light (LM) and electron (EM) microscope immunocytochemistry. In the LM an intense immunoperoxidase reaction product was observed over the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells as well as over the tails of late spermatids. The rete epithelial cells and nonciliated cells of the efferent ducts also showed an intense uniform reaction over their entire cytoplasm. In the EM, immunogold labeling was noted over the entire endocytic apparatus of these cells including coated pits, endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and secondary lysosomes. Since there was no labeling of the luminal contents including sperm along the epididymis, it was concluded that the Sertoli-derived SGP-1 must dissociate from the sperm and be taken up by epithelial cells at the level of the rete testis and efferent ducts. In all regions of the epididymis, except the cauda, the principal cells showed, in the LM, an intense reaction over bodies of various shapes and sizes in their supranuclear region; this corresponded in the EM to a strong immunogold labeling of secondary lysosomes. No labeling was noted, however, over coated pits, endosomes, or pale multivesicular bodies, suggesting that SGP-1 was not being endocytosed from the lumen. Similar observations were noted for the epithelial clear cells along the entire epididymis. In the cauda epididymidis, principal cells presented a weak immunolabeling of their secondary lysosomes. Northern blot analysis revealed a strong 2.6 Kb band corresponding to the mRNA of SGP-1 in the efferent ducts and all regions of the epididymis with the exception of the cauda. Coincident with the mRNA expression of SGP-1 it was found that small clusters of gold particles representing anti SGP-1, presumably membrane bound, were associated with the Golgi apparatus as well as in close proximity to secondary lysosomes. There was, however, no evidence for the secretion of SGP-1 into the lumen. These results suggest that SGP-1 is synthesized by the epithelial cells of the male duct system and ferried by small vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus to secondary lysosomes. Because SGP-1 has recently been shown to have substantial sequence similarity to prosaposin, it may be speculated that SGP-1 is instrumental in the degradation of membrane glycolipids present within secondary lysosomes of epithelial cells of the extratesticular duct system.
Animals↗
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy: a case associated with hemimegalencephaly.
The authors report a case of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) associated with hemimegalencephaly. The etiological factors in previously published cases of EIEE are reviewed and attention is focused on the high proportion of cases associated with neuronal migration disorders. We suggest that idiopathic cases of EIEE would be due to such disorders.
Brain↗
Expression of neuronal markers in the so-called ENU-induced schwannomas.
The present data show that the so-called ENU-induced malignant schwannomas express neuronal markers. This finding supports the hypothesis that a population of tumor cells in these neoplasms are neuroblastic in nature, and suggests the classification of ENU-induced schwannomas as primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
Animals↗
Contact dermatitis from cuttlefish.
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Adult↗
Oral gentamicin is not effective treatment for persistent diarrhea.
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of oral gentamicin (10 milligrams/kilogram body weight/day for five days) in treatment of unselected cases of persistent diarrhea (duration 14-18 days at initiation of treatment) among 3-36-month-old children in a rural Guatemalan community. Following random assignment of each child to a treatment group, the appropriate dose of gentamicin or placebo was administered to the child three times daily by a study nurse; this nurse also identified the presence or absence of diarrhea on each day of treatment and for the next two days. Cure was defined as cessation of diarrhea during the five-day treatment period, sustained through at least the two days after completion of treatment. Among 92 evaluable cases who entered the clinical trial, there was essentially no difference in cure rate between gentamicin and placebo treatment groups (42% versus 43%). Enteroadherent strains of Escherichia coli were identified in 46% of children tested in this trial; no significant difference existed between treatment groups in frequency of isolation of this or any other enteropathogen. Among 40 children having successful duodenal cultures immediately prior to beginning treatment, > or = 10(4) aerobic organisms per milliliter of fluid were identified in 12 (30%); treatment groups did not differ substantially with respect to proportion of children identified with this level of duodenal microbial colonization. Failure of gentamicin treatment did not appear to be explained by emergence of resistance, although a small number of resistant enteropathogens were identified near the end of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration, Oral↗
Synaptophysin expression in "ependymal tumors" induced by ethyl-nitrosourea in rats.
Synaptophysin expression was studied in seven "ependymomas" induced by transplacental administration of ethyl-nitrosourea in rats. In all the cases, strong positivity for synaptophysin was found on tumor cells. This finding supports previous studies suggesting that ENU-induced brain tumors considered to be ependymal neoplasms, are, in fact, primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
Animals↗
Influence of recombinant interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the development of ethyl nitrosourea-induced brain tumors.
Using the experimental model of brain tumors induced by ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU), human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were administered to Wistar rats in early stages of carcinogenesis. The results obtained suggest that IL-2 does not influence the development of nervous system tumors. In contrast, TNF-alpha was capable of modulating the development of ENU-induced tumors, producing a reduction in the number of schwannomas and a delay in the appearance of intraparenchymatous brain tumors.
Animals↗
Expression of neuronal and glial markers in so-called oligodendroglial tumors induced by transplacental administration of ethyl-nitrosourea in the rat.
A series of 18 tumors with histological features of oligodendrogliomas, induced in the rat by means of transplacental ethyl-nitrosourea administration were studied for immunohistochemical demonstration of neuronal (synaptophysin and neurofilament protein) and glial (gliofibrillar acidic protein and vimentin) markers. Most of the tumors showed cells with strong positivity to synaptophysin and to a lesser degree, to neurofilament protein, suggesting the neuronal character of these neoplasms. In 10 tumors, cells with strong positivity to vimentin were found, and in three cases, tumoral cells expressed gliofibrillar acidic protein. The observation that ENU-induced oligodendroglial tumors express neuronal and, to a minor degree, glial markers, suggests their interpretation as primitive neuroectodermal tumors with clear neuronal differentiation.
Animals↗
Localization of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) on spermatozoa and in the reproductive tract of the male rat.
Sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) is one of the major proteins secreted by rat Sertoli cells and epididymal cells in culture. The disulfide-linked dimeric protein secreted by Sertoli cells and found in seminiferous tubule fluid is composed of monomers of Mr 47 000 and 34 000 whereas the epididymal protein exhibits monomers of Mr 40 000 and 29 000. When both forms were chemically or enzymatically deglycosylated, they yielded proteins of similar molecular weight. No modification of the higher molecular weight testicular form by epididymal cells or fluids could be detected in incubation media. SGP-2 mRNA was localized in epididymal epithelium by in situ hybridization. Northern blot analysis indicated the testicular and epididymal mRNAs were of similar size. These findings suggest that the two forms of the protein occur because of tissue-specific post-translational modifications. The detergent-extracted protein from washed testicular spermatozoa is of the higher molecular weight form while epididymal sperm carry the lower molecular weight form. Immunohistochemical evidence suggests that the testicular form is removed prior to the initial segment of the epididymis and the epididymal form is applied in the proximal caput epididymidis. SGP-2 was immunolocalized to the sperm membrane at the ultrastructural level and was distinctly different from the immunolocalization of outer dense fiber proteins and fibrous sheath proteins.
Animals↗
[Phenotypic characteristics of 100 strains belonging to the mesophilic aeromonas group isolated from feces].
Phenotypic characteristics of 100 strains pertaining to the group of mesophilic aeromonas isolated in feces of patients with diarrhea (23 A. hydrophila, 34 A. sobria, 19 A. caviae, and 24 considered atypical because produced a the negative esculin reaction and a positive gas formation from glucose [TSI]). The percentages obtained in the different biochemical tests support the hypothesis that in this group there is a taxonomic complexity. We observed variations in the following tests: LDC, arabinose, Voges-Proskauser, lactose, and motility and hemolytic activity. We compared manual and automatic procedures in detecting esculinase and beta-galactosidase activity (ONPG). The study of constitutional enzymatic activity by means of API ZYM system can not be used to differentiate the distinct species although the enzyme beta-glucosidase is detected preferentially in A. hydrophila.
Aeromonas↗
Role of spermatogonia in the stage-synchronization of the seminiferous epithelium in vitamin-A-deficient rats.
After 20-day-old rats are placed on a vitamin-A-deficient diet (VAD) for a period of 10 weeks, the seminiferous tubules are found to contain only Sertoli cells and a small number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Retinol administration to VAD rats reinitiates spermatogenesis, but a stage-synchronization of the seminiferous epithelium throughout the testis of these rats is observed. In order to determine which cell type is responsible for this synchronization, the germ cell population has been analyzed in whole mounts of seminiferous tubules dissected from the testes of rats submitted to the following treatments. Twenty-day-old rats received a VAD diet for 10 weeks and then were divided into three groups of six rats. In group 1, all animals were sacrificed immediately; in group 2, the rats were injected once with retinol and sacrificed 3 hr later; in group 3, the rats were injected once with retinol, placed on a retinol-containing diet for 7 days and 3 hr, and then sacrificed. Three rats from each group had one testis injected with 3H-thymidine 3 hr (groups 1 and 2) or 7 days and 3 hr (group 3) before sacrifice. Three normal adult rats (approximately 100 days old) served as controls. Labeled and unlabeled germinal cells were mapped and scored in isolated seminiferous tubules. In group 1, type A1 and type A0 spermatogonia as well as some preleptotene spermatocytes were present; type A2, A3, A4, In, and B spermatogonia were completely eliminated from the testis. Neither type A1 mitotic figures nor 3H-thymidine-labeled-type A1 nuclei were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Trisomy 13 syndrome and neural tube defects.
Abnormalities of the CNS, such as arhinencephaly or holoprosencephaly, are common findings in trisomy 13 syndrome. However, neural tube defects (NTDs) are rarely reported. A review of 267 patients in the literature on reported CNS developmental defects in trisomy 13 syndrome showed only 6 patients with lumbosacral NTDs. No case of encephalocele or anencephaly was found. We report on 3 patients with spina bifida from the records of 34 necropsies of karyotyped trisomy 13 syndrome, which were found among 403,710 births.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
A procedure for enrichment and isolation of mutants of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii having altered glycerol metabolism.
The salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii produces and accumulates glycerol when subjected to salt stress, whereby the buoyant density of the cells is changed. This property allows for enrichment of mutants with altered glycerol metabolism by density gradient centrifugation. Colonies derived from cells with rapidly changing density following an osmotic shock were screened for increased glycerol production by observing their ability to support growth of a glycerol-requiring strain of Escherichia coli. The glycerol overproducting phenotype of two isolates was confirmed by chemical analysis.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
Osmoregulation of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii grown in a chemostat at different salinities.
The intracellular solute composition of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures at different concentrations of NaCl (4 mM, 0.68 M, and 1.35 M). A strong positive correlation between the total intracellular polyol concentration (glycerol and arabinitol) and medium salinity was demonstrated. The intracellular polyol concentration was sufficient to balance about 75% of the osmotic pressure of the medium in cultures with 0.68 and 1.35 M NaCl. The intracellular concentration of K+ and Na+, which at low external salinity gave a considerable contribution to the intracellular water potential, was only slightly enhanced with raised medium salinity. However, the ratio of intracellular K+ to Na+ decreased; but this decrease was less drastic in the cells than in the surrounding medium, i.e., the cells were able to select for K+ in favor of Na+. The turgor pressure, which was estimated on the basis of intracellular solute concentrations, was 2,200 kPa in cultures with 4 mM NaCl and decreased when the external salinity was raised, resulting in a value of about 500 kPa in cultures with 1.35 M NaCl. The maintenance of a positive turgor pressure at high salinity was mainly due to an increased production and accumulation of glycerol.
Glucose↗
[Clinical significance of cervical arthropathy in patients with vertigo].
We performed a thorough neuro-otological evaluation and a radiological study of the cervical spine in 102 patients with vestibular symptoms. A group of 20 asymptomatic subjects served as control. Some degree of cervical spondylosis was found in 121 of 122 patients but also in the majority of control subjects. No relationship was observed between the degree of cervical spondylosis and vestibular abnormalities. Instead, the latter were strongly related to age. Thus, an age dependent microvascular damage may be more likely as an etiological factor for vestibular symptoms in the elderly.
Age Factors↗
Sulfated glycoprotein-1 (saposin precursor) in the reproductive tract of the male rat.
Sulfated glycoprotein-1 is one of the major protein secretion products of rat Sertoli cells in culture. This 70,000 Mr protein shares substantial sequence similarity with human prosaposin, the precursor of lysosomal saposins. Saposins are known to enhance the activity of lipid modifying enzymes presumably by solubilizing the lipids. We report here the immunolocalization of sulfated glycoprotein-1 in the cells and fluid of the male reproductive tract. The protein is present in secondary lysosomes of Sertoli cells and also in the luminal fluid of seminiferous tubules and epididymis. The highest concentrations of the protein are in seminiferous tubule fluid and rete testis fluid, while relatively low amounts are found in cauda epididymal fluid and serum. Sulfated glycoprotein-1 is believed to be involved in degradation of lipids in residual bodies and may also assist in modification of membrane lipids during sperm maturation.
Animals↗