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Biomedical subjects

C Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to C Moreno.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myocardial Infarction in the population aged 25-74 in Navarra. Incidence, lethality and treatment in the period 1997-98. IBERICA study].

The principal aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Myocardial Infarction in the population aged 25-74 in Navarra, lethality after 28 days, and the characteristics of the treatment applied in the hospitals during the years 1997-1998. A search was conducted for possible cases of heart attack in the hospital services responsible for attending to them, by means of a review of clinical histories. The lethal cases that did not reach the hospitals were researched through the statistical bulletins of deaths, with the information on these deaths completed through the family doctors. 1,059 coronary events were registered, which corresponded to a crude rate of attack of 238 cases per 100,000 amongst men and 59 cases per 100,000 amongst women. Amongst the male patients who reached hospital alive, 50% were smokers, 41% showed hypercholesterolaemia, 35.9% were hypertense and 16% were diabetic. Amongst the women, who showed a higher average age, arterial hypertension was the most frequent risk factor, with 66%. During hospitalisation thrombolysis was carried out on 39.2% of the patients, primary or rescue angioplasty on 4.6%; aspirin or other anticoagulants were administered to 94.2%, beta-blockers to 60.6% and IECA to 37.4%. This study has shown that the frequency of Myocardial Infarction in Navarra is lower than that registered in many European and North American countries, and is concordant with the low rates of mortality due to this cause. Global analysis of the data shows that a high implementation of the care guidelines for this disease with respect to the use of efficient therapies could be observed in the years 1997 and 1998. Nonetheless, with the exception of the use of anticoagulants, hospital variability has been observed in the use of thrombolytic therapy and adjuvant therapies such as the beta-blockers or ACE Inhibitor, and in the use of diagnostic techniques such as arteriography.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological surveillance of HIV/AIDS in Navarra].

More than fifteen years have passed since the first cases of AIDS were diagnosed in Navarra in 1985. According to the notifications received from then until December 2001, 2,400 people have been counted with HIV infection, of whom approximately 700 have developed AIDS, and 565 have died of AIDS or other causes. The incidence of new infections by HIV, cases of AIDS and deaths related to the latter, have shown a clear tendency to decline in Navarra in recent years. The decrease in cases is very important amongst the users of intravenous drugs, while the cases amongst masculine homo/bisexuals and amongst persons infected following a heterosexual encounter have remained fairly stable. For the first time, starting in 1999, persons infected through a sexual encounter are higher than the users of parenteral drugs. There has been an increase in the proportion of cases of AIDS and infection in persons originating from countries where the disease is endemic, accounting for over 23% of new cases of infection in the years 2000 and 2001. The figures for Navarra also reflect the important reduction of cases of AIDS and AIDS-related deaths since the introduction of more efficient anti-retroviral treatments in 1996. The strategies for the detection of HIV infection in persons who have maintained risk practices is important if we consider that in the years 2000 and 2001, there was a simultaneous diagnosis of infection and disease in one in every five patients. This implies that these persons did not benefit from treatments in the same way as they would have if the diagnosis had been made earlier.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Project Salsa: development and institutionalization of a nutritional health promotion project in a Latino community.

PURPOSE: Project Salsa was a community-based effort seeking to promote health through nutritional behavior change in a Latino community of San Diego, California. The purpose of this article is to report on program factors related to long-term institutionalization of Project Salsa interventions. DESIGN: Project Salsa was a demonstration rather than an experimental project. To ensure maximum sensitivity to the needs and values of the community, Project Salsa began with an extensive health needs assessment, including development of an advisory council, telephone survey, archival research, and key informant interviews. SETTING: Project Salsa interventions took place in San Ysidro, California, located near the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to Tijuana from 1987 to 1992. SUBJECTS: The intervention community had 14,500 residents, of which nearly 83% were Latino. INTERVENTIONS: Interventions included coronary heart disease risk factor screenings, meal preparation classes, newspaper columns, point-of-purchase education, school health and cafeteria programs, and breast-feeding promotion. MEASURES: Institutionalization of intervention components. RESULTS: Two of the interventions, the risk factor screenings and school health programs, are still in operation 4 years after the end of project funding. CONCLUSIONS: Four factors common to institutionalized components are presented in the paper.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of cancer in Navarre].

Between 1998 and 2000 an annual average of 3,303 cases of invasive cancer were registered in Navarre, 58% of them in men. If we except non melanoma skin tumours, the annual number of cases was 2,495, with gross incidence rates of 559 and 372 per 100,000 in men and women, and rates adjusted to the world population of 312 and 203 per 100,000 respectively. Amongst men, the four most frequently diagnosed tumoural localisations were the prostate, lung, colorectal and bladder, accounting for 57% of all cases. The most notable due to their frequency amongst women were tumours of the breast, colorectal, uterus body and ovary, accounting for 54% of all cases. With respect to the five year period from 1993 to 1997, the global incidence of cancer in the three year period from 1998 to 2000 has increased 4.2% in men and 7.4% in women. The incidence of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in both sexes and of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men are notable. There continues to be a fall in the incidence rates of stomach cancer in both sexes, following the tendency begun in the 1970s.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of laboratory communication in modern dental practice: stone models without faces.

The development of advanced communication technology has enabled clinicians and ceramists to deliver improved dental care to their patients. This article highlights the importance of communication between the clinician, laboratory technician, and patient for the fabrication and delivery of aesthetic restorations. The use of stone models, photography, shade prescriptions, and occlusal relationships is demonstrated as a means to achieve this objective. These principles are illustrated in the restoration of a patient who presented for aesthetic enhancement of the anterior maxilla.

Color↗
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Assessment of a self-designed protocol on patients with adverse reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Suspected adverse reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are the most frequent reason for consultation in relation WMH drug allergy. Because of their therapeutical usefulness and wide use, we developed a protocol for confirmation or exclusion of this type of allergy. The proposed protocol is based on clinical, causal and laboratory criteria that are used to assign scores from 0 to 9 points. Patients with scores between 0 and 3 are considered to be highly prone to beta-lactam antibiotic allergy and are given an alternative therapy that is selected by applying skin provocation tests (SPT). Those with a score of 9 points are excluded. Finally, those with scores between 4 and 8 are subjected to skin tests with 5 antigens (penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin, Penkit PPL and Penkit MDM); if they give negative results they are subsequently subjected to oral provocation with beta-lactam antibiotics. In this work we report the results obtained from 150 patients analysed for 28 variables altogether. The results allowed us to rule out adverse reactions in 94 patients. Only 9 individuals yielded positive skin tests, and only one gave a positive oral provocation (bronchospasm, 6 hours after subjection to the test). The usefulness of the proposed protocol, the profitability of the test applied and the mechanisms involved are assessed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgG4 levels in relation to Olea europaea immunotherapy.

We determined olive pollen-specific IgG4 levels in 100 patients, 39 of whom had been subjected to no immunotherapy (IT) for Olea (31 allergic and 8 nonallergic individuals) and 61 of whom had been administered IT as extracts, including Olea pollen (29 extracts in BUs, 24 allergenic extracts polymerized with glutaraldehyde:Allergoid and 8 extracts standardized in PNUs). IgG4 levels were correlated to the clinical picture, type of extract and average cumulative dose (ACD). We found average IgG4 levels of 0.80 +/- 0.74, 8.60 +/- 13.07 (p < 0.01) and 1.42 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml (n.s.) for the untreated group and those treated with BU and Allergoid, respectively. The difference between the IT-BU-treated and IT-Allergoid-treated patients was significant at p < 0.01. On the other hand, we found no significant differences among the average IgG4 levels of the three groups in relation to age or sex. The group of asthmatic patients treated with BU extracts had average IgG4 levels of 16 +/- 17.34 micrograms/ml, while those of the rhinoconjunctivitic, non-asthmatic group were 5.05 +/- 6.149 micrograms/ml, with p < 0.05 (Student's "t" test). Thus, patients treated with extracts polymerized with glutaraldehyde had IgG4 levels that were similar to those of the patients subjected to no IT. Also, the group treated with IT extracts standardized in BUs had increased IgG4 levels that were correlated with the cumulative dose, particularly in asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toll type receptors: molecular bases of the relationship between innate and adaptation responses of the immune system].

Microbes have on their surface molecular patterns that are common among a broad range of pathogens. These patterns are recognized by a wide variety of cellular receptors, the most important of which are a family of transmembrane proteins termed "Toll-like receptors" (TLR). TLRs are pattern-recognition receptors that have key roles in detecting pathogens and initiating inflammatory responses. The receptor of Gram negative bacterial LPS, TLR4, is the best characterized member of the TLR family. So far, ten mammalian toll-like receptors (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified. Recent studies revealed that the TLR signaling pathway is a critical mediator of sepsis. An understanding of TLRs and their signaling pathway will reveal a therapeutic target in sepsis and other immune mediated diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease].

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease with an unknown ethiology although multiple factors intervene such as individual, genetic and immunologic susceptibility, as well as different environmental factors. Like other multisystemic diseases, its clinical manifestations are diverse and it may affect other organs besides the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few years there is a growing interest for one of these extraintestinal manifestations, osteoporosis and osteopenia that may affect up to 42% of patients and can condition an important increase in morbility. Inactivity, prolonged corticosteroid treatment, nutritional deficiencies and the disease per se have an important role in the development of this complication. This article reviews clinical and ethiological aspects of inflammatory bowel disease associated osteoporosis and offers a strategy for diagnosis and treatment.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Capsule endoscopy examination of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: evaluation of clinical impact.

BACKGROUND: Wireless video capsule endoscopy (WVCE) has been reported to contribute to the diagnostic management of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGB). Nevertheless, clinical impact data is lacking. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical outcome of patients undergoing WVCE for OGB. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 38 patients who were referred for OGB and who underwent WVCE examination were included in this study. A questionnaire was sent to the referring doctors after the capsule investigation. The following items were investigated: the final diagnosis of OGB, treatment applied and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Data was recorded for 26 patients out of 38 (17F, 9M). The mean age was 63 years (range, 21-84). A positive finding was noted in 11 patients. Findings included small bowel lesions in 7 cases and gastroduodenal lesions in 4 cases. As a result of the capsule investigation, specific therapy was administered in 9 patients. Six of the 9 patients treated had no further anemia. Final diagnosis of OGB was in agreement with positive findings of WVCE in all these 11 patients. Among the 15 patients with a negative WVCE, 9 had a digestive lesion (3 small bowel lesions) as a final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Patients with a positive result at WVCE had further intervention in 82% and were successfully treated in 67% of cases. We had no false positive results in this study, which suggest a high positive predictive value of WVCE. Moreover, negative WVCE had also an indirect clinical impact.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Situation and adequacy analysis of dysphagia diets at a regional hospital].

UNLABELLED: The study aims at confirming the adequacy of diets prescribed for dysphagia during hospitalization through a specific questionnaire to identify, give advice, and manage dysphagia. To compare and analyze the diet for dysphagia offered at our Hospital with the recommendations for a dysphagia diet published in recent nutritional literature. From the results obtained, to establish diet improvements (if necessary) and nursing working tools aimed at early detection of swallowing problems and decreasing the risk for Hyponutrition, dehydration and aspiration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study among patients from our hospital with a prescription for a dysphagia diet is performed, assessing the diet usefulness, the characteristics of the 30 patients admitted at the Hospital Complex of Segovia, in several nursing units and with an established diet for dysphagia for two months and with different pathologies. Ages were comprised between 68-85 years. RESULTS: The questionnaire was analyzed and we verified that all patients had a swallowing impairment. The nutritional analysis showed an inadequate adaptation of hospital diet to dysphagia patients with regards to consistency of some dishes and the poor energy intake was significant (x 1339 kcal), poor protein intake (58 g), and a deficiency in some minerals (iron and calcium), and vitamins (vitamin C). CONCLUSIONS: Dysphagia is a problem that affects a considerable number of patients in our Hospital (10-15%). The diet provided by the Hospital was inadequate before the study. A more adequate diet has been designed with regards to nutritional value and consistency, its indication is broaden, as well as interventional measures and previous patient assessment. The Nutrition Unit has implemented improvements in nutritional content.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Present situation and future perspectives of the epidemic of HIV and AIDS in Spain].

Until 1997 Spain was the European country with the highest incidence of AIDS, due mainly to transmission between users of injected drugs. Since early 1990 there has been a fall in the rate of diagnoses of HIV infection in the Spanish autonomous communities where this information is available, and in 2004 this rate was situated below that of several western European countries. New infections in users of intravenous drugs have declined, and although heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes, it has become the prime cause of new HIV infections. The rate of diagnoses of HIV has fallen in both the indigenous population and immigrants; however, demographic changes have meant an increase in the percentage of HIV diagnoses in immigrants. In homosexual men there have been descriptions of a recent increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonococcus, which are a warning of possible increases in the transmission of HIV in this group. The number of people who live with HIV in Spain remains between 100,000 and 150,000 (2.4 to 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitants). In spite of the improvement in prognosis due to antiretroviral treatments, there are annually in Spain over 2,000 cases of AIDS (4.8 per 100,000 inhabitants) and over 1,600 deaths from AIDS (3.8 per 100,000). One third of the people who developed AIDS in 2004 had not until then been diagnosed with HIV, which prevented starting the antiretroviral treatment in time.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Memory disorders and attention deficit modulation in child hyperactivity].

The infantile hyperactivity is a disorder of great significance due to its remarkable after-effects on the family, the school and the individual. According to strict diagnostic criteria the study of the memory in these children who present a well defined disorder of the attention, has been planned. The data show that the mnemonic capacity is primarily kept. However the nuclear problem is an attention deficit.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the antitumour activities of glucans and C. parvum.

After i.v. injection of glucans (yeast cell walls, lentinan and pseudonigeran) into CBA mice, the peritoneal macrophages became cytostatic to R1 leukemia cells in vitro, and the mice showed resistance to lung nodule formation by i.v. injected T3 fibrosarcoma cells. The glucans were less active than C. parvum. None of the glucans reproducibly acted as an adjuvant when mixed with irradiated tumour cells; nor did they inhibit the growth of a subcutaneous tumour when injected i.v. or directly into the tumour.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of sensitivity to the pollen of Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae) in Cordoba, Spain.

The level of ash pollen grains (Fraxinus spp.) detected in the air in the city of Cordoba rarely surpasses the daily average of 8 g/m3 and is always detectable during the winter and the beginning of the spring. This fact, together with the knowledge of the presence of perennial symptoms in patients monosensitive to Olea in this area, allows us to suspect the possibility of cross-reactivity between both taxa. The skin tests carried out on a total of 1500 pollinotic patients with an extract of Fraxinus pollen offer us a global sensitization frequency of 59%. Furthermore, the Fx+ patients generally have a higher frequency of rural origin or they live in the most southerly district of the province. As for the age and sex of the patient, significant differences were found for the age groups between 5-10 years and over 25 but the frequency for both sexes was equal. As for the clinical features, differences in the family and personal antecedents of atopy were not observed, although rhinoconjunctival clinical antecedents seemed to prevail slightly over asthma antecedents. In relation to the duration of the symptoms, the patients presented a long evolution in their symptomatology. The great majority of the patients were polysensitive; only 8% were found to be monosensitive, with unimportant differences in their evolution after immunotherapeutic treatment. On the other hand, 92% of the Fx+ patients presented reactions to Olea pollen (but only 41% of the Fx- patients did), whereas 62% showed sensitivity to Cupressus, marking a strong contrast with the Fx-patients, who all tested negative for Cupressus pollen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Children who work on the streets of Tijuana. An epidemiological profile and the prevalence of experimentation with tobacco].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an epidemiological profile of children that work in the streets of Tijuana, Mexico, and to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking in this group, as well as the prevalence of those factors associated with tobacco experimentation. STUDY TYPE: cross-sectional. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children aged 8 through 15, who work in the streets of Tijuana were included. Demographic, socioeconomic, and smoking related variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 110 children, with a mean age of 11.43 years. Of these 91.7% live with one or both of their parents; 60% attend school and an additional 30% did so in the past. Only 6.4% of these children are the principal economic support of the household, and 51.8% reported an average daily income of $US 10 or less. Only 9.1% reported experimentation with tobacco, and 31% of them tobacco prompting (in the form of lighting up a cigarette) by an adult of the family; this is significantly more frequent on behalf of the father than of the mother (21.8% vs 4.5% p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the children under 15 years of age who work in the streets of Tijuana live with their parents and maintain close relationships with their family. Most of them attend school and work in the streets only to complement the family income. Their tobacco experimentation is not greater than that of other children of the same age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of preseasonal treatment with allergenic extracts of Olea europaea pollen administered sublingually.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial we evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy (IT) with an extract of the pollen of the tree Olea europaea administered sublingually. The parameters tested were symptom score, dose-response bioassay of skin prick test and specific IgE and IgG, and the absolute value at a single serum dilution of each IgG subclass. Fifteen patients allergic to this pollen with symptomatology of rhinitis and/or rhinoconjunctivitis were randomly allocated to the placebo group (6 patients) or to the extract group (9 patients). Immunotherapy was administered in a short preseasonal period of time, practically no side effects being recorded. The group of patients treated with extract presented a slightly lower incidence (0.05 < p < 0.1) of nasal symptoms of sneezing and obstruction, and, more importantly, developed less dyspnea (p < 0.05) than the group treated with placebo, suggesting that IT can act as prophylaxis for the development of bronchial symptoms. No differences were observed in the immunological determinations. Differences in skin tests between the two groups displayed a slight significance (0.05 < p < 0.1) at the end of the trial; hence, a higher concentration of the allergen was needed in the group treated with extract to induce the same wheal as in the placebo group. In both groups the size of the wheal showed a time-dependent variation, which was dependent on the time of the year and independent of the type of treatment received, indicating a significant modification in the in vivo skin response to allergen challenge, demonstrated by a shift in the kinetics of allergen-ligand binding (slope) and in the magnitude of the measured response (intercept).

Administration, Sublingual↗