Biomedical subjects

C Morioka

Publications and source records attributed to C Morioka.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

The continuous and simultaneous blood flow velocity measurement of four cerebral vessels and a peripheral vessel during cigarette smoking.

There has been no consensus about the acute effect of cigarette smoking on cerebral blood flow, and the continuous change of flow in four cerebral vessel flow with peripheral flow during different kinds of cigarette smoking has not been reported until now. Our results indicate smoking increases the flow of four cerebral vessels almost at the same time and with the same pattern. Many cerebral vessels began to show increases about 10 s after commencement. In most cases, cerebral blood velocity began to decrease between 10 and 20 s after cessation. Blood flow in peripheral vessels decreases after commencement, which is thought to be the effect of nicotine. The effect of high nicotine cigarettes is greater than that of low nicotine cigarettes. Continuous and simultaneous measurement of cerebral vessels by ultrasonic Doppler is though to be the only way to establish the detailed blood flow changes during smoking.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Higher cerebral dysfunction in a case with atypical multiple sclerosis with concentric lesions.

A patient with atypical multiple sclerosis (MS) with clear concentric structure was studied using high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This case was considered to be Baló's concentric sclerosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse multiple concentric demyelinating lesions in the bilateral centrum semiovales, which finally regressed with the necrotic lesions remaining when the patient was discharged. During his clinical course, he showed some higher cerebral dysfunctions, such as memory disturbance, constructual apraxia and acalculia. He was treated with glycerin, prednisone and rehabilitation; all of which were effective in his recovery. Over a 4 month period, the patient recovered clinically, but some intellectual impairment remained.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Psychological stress in middle-aged and aged executives.

Neurotic symptoms were considered to be present in 21.9% of the 210 employees of a company following data analysis from a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 60 question items). The results in middle-aged and aged executives were compared. The total GHQ score was > or = 17 in 18/55 executives aged 40 years or above, but in only 9/60 non-executives controls was a significant difference observed (P < 0.05) between executives and non-executives. The scores for three subordinate scales, namely somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction, were higher in the executives than in the non-executives and showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the anxiety and insomnia scale. These results suggest that middle-aged and aged executives are more likely to have neurotic symptoms and more frequently to have anxiety and insomnia than their controls. We would like to apply this method to aid in the prevention, early detection and early management of stress.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1996

Automatic correction of biplane projection imaging geometry.

A novel method is presented for correcting errors in measurements of biplane projection imaging geometry without prior identification of corresponding points in the two images. For imaged objects that project onto both images, a constraint equation is obtained that relates weighted integrals along corresponding epipolar lines. The integrals are computed to first order in the angular beamwidth, which is assumed to be small. Starting from measured or estimated values, geometrical parameters are computed iteratively in order to maximize the correlation between epipolar line integrals in the two images. Improvement in the computation of corresponding epipolar lines is demonstrated on images of a wire phantom. The root mean square distance of the epipolar lines from the corresponding reference points is improved from 15 pixel widths to less than 4 pixel widths (1.3 mm). Convergence is demonstrated on phantom images for individual parameter variations up to 70% in relative magnification, a relative shift of the imaging planes by 50 pixels, or a relative rotation of at least 35 degrees around either of two axes. Applicability to clinical images is demonstrated by using a biplane angiogram of a pig to align corresponding points determined from images of a Perspex cube acquired with the same geometry.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1992

Feasibility study on quality-of-life questionnaires for patients with advanced lung cancer.

In order to evaluate quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires, we studied the reliability and validity of the self-rating forms: A, comprising 16 questions; B, comprising 39 questions (Table II and III), in a special study supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Sixty-four patients with inoperable lung cancer and 50 patients with chronic, non-malignant disease were entered into the study. Form A was translated and modified to Japanese culture from Schipper's Functional Living Index-Cancer, and Form B was of our own design. The internal consistency of the forms was examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Both forms except for aspects of physical and social concern on form B, had alpha values greater than 0.65. A concurrent validity with performance status was shown over all aspects of concern (Pearson's correlation, r greater than 0.27, P less than 0.05) except for social (forms A and B) and psychological (form B). Analysis of variance of the QOL scores revealed significantly lower scores for the cancer patients than for the non-malignant-disease patients, except for the social aspect of concern (P less than 0.001). Factor analysis, using the principal component method, identified four major factors to account for 60 and 42% of the total variance on forms A and B, respectively. The factors were: patient's mood, anxiety over disease and treatment, relationships with other people, physical capability. In conclusion, this has been the first feasible study to show that QOL forms from the West could be used in Japan with some modifications. We are at present studying successive changes in QOL for advanced lung cancer patients in clinical trials.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Feasibility study of quality of life (QOL) instrument in patients with advanced lung cancer].

We have studied the feasibility of the QOL measurement for the group of patients with advanced lung cancer using the QOL questionnaires modified from FLIC (Functional Living Index Cancer). The 16-items instrument showed that the Cronbach's alpha of all categories were over 0.6. as the quality of reliability. Using the principal component method of multivariate analysis, four major factors were identified as a part of the construct validity. We concluded that the QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer under the clinical research setting can be evaluated using this questionnaires even in Japan which has different cultural background from the Western Countries.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of 2048-line digital display formats and conventional radiographs: an ROC study.

Observer performance tests were conducted to compare the effects on diagnostic accuracy of digital hard copy and video display formats versus conventional radiographic film. Digital images were obtained by digitizing conventional chest radiographs to a 2048 x 2048 matrix with a laser film scanner. Three digital display formats were used: laser-printed digital film, a 2048-line video monitor without user interaction, and a 2048-line video monitor with user interaction. Thirty-one posteroanterior chest radiographs, determined by consensus of four thoracic radiologists to contain septal lines (n = 11), parenchymal nodules (n = 7), nodules and septal lines (n = 7), or neither abnormality (n = 6), were used for the study. Images were interpreted by four radiologists in four separate viewing sessions. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by receiver-operating characteristic analysis for each observer with each viewing technique. No statistical differences in diagnostic accuracy, determined by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve, were found between the analog film, the digital film, and the two video digital display formats. This preliminary study suggests that 2048-line digital displays may be an acceptable alternative to the traditional lightbox viewing method for the perception of these two abnormalities commonly seen on chest radiographs.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1989

Diagnosis of breast calcifications: comparison of contact, magnified, and television-enhanced images.

Matched contact and microfocal-spot-magnified images of 31 breasts, each containing a cluster of microcalcifications within a biopsy-proved benign (n = 21) or malignant (n = 10) lesion, were evaluated. Each matched set consisted of one image magnified 1.5 or 2.0 times by a microfocal spot; one contact film-screen mammogram; and one television-digitized, enhanced, and optically magnified contact film-screen mammogram. Three experienced mammographers and three senior diagnostic radiology residents with 2 weeks of training in mammography interpreted the calcifications. The average area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve for the experienced mammographers was 0.60 for contact radiographs, 0.61 for the television-digitized images, and 0.69 for the microfocal-spot-magnified radiographs. The less experienced senior residents scored below a random choice, 0.44, for the television-digitized images; 0.51 for contact radiographs; and 0.69 for the microfocal-spot-magnified radiographs. We conclude that when evaluating microcalcifications, radiologists without extensive experience in mammography should not substitute television-digitized and enhanced contact mammograms for microfocal-spot-magnified mammograms; rigorous clinical evaluation is needed before this system is accepted for clinical use.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The evolution of the concentric lesions of atypical multiple sclerosis on MRI.

We studied a patient with atypical multiple sclerosis (MS) using high field magnetic resonance image scanning and documented the evolution of the lesions from the acute phase to clinical remission. The acute lesions showed the clear concentric structure that is characteristic of Balo's concentric sclerosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lesions were enhanced with gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Over a four-month period, the patient recovered clinically, with some evidence of residual intellectual impairment, and the MRI lesions regressed markedly, leaving hypointense areas on T1-weighted images in the corona radiata.

Adult↗