Giant cell arteritis.
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Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
C Mougin
Publications and source records attributed to C Mougin.
[Invasive anal carcinoma in a homosexual patient with HIV infection].
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Anus Neoplasms↗
Detection of antibodies to L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, and 16 by ELISA using synthetic peptides.
Antibodies against eight synthetic peptides spanning different epitopes located on L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 6, and 11 were examined in sera from 73 women infected by HPV and from 139 healthy controls. Only three of these peptides were reactive. Two located on proteins L2 and E4 of HPV 16 seem type specific since antibodies to these peptides were detected, respectively, in 21% and 15% of the HPV 16 infected patients and in 2.5% and none of women infected by other HPVs. The third peptide located on the L1 protein of HPV 6 bears a common epitope since antibodies to this peptide were detected not only in 85% of women infected by HPV 6 or 11, but also in 82% of women infected by other HPVs, and in 74% and 71% of the control groups (10-12-year-old children and adults, respectively). In conclusion, none of the peptides investigated seems useful to develop ELISAs for serological diagnosis of HPV infection.
Adolescent↗
Detection of antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant HPV 16 L1 capsids produced by recombinant baculovirus.
The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) was expressed in Sf-21 insect cells with a recombinant baculovirus. Virus-like particles obtained were purified and used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of anti-HPV-16 antibodies in sera from 76 women with evidence of genital HPV infection and 79 controls. HPV-16-infected individuals developed antibodies directed at HPV-16 virions since reactivity against recombinant HPV-16L1 capsids was observed in 50% of them compared with only 6% in the general adult population. However, some cross-reactivities with sera from women infected with others HPV types were observed.
Animals↗
Detection of human cytomegalovirus in female and male anogenital lesions with papillomavirus-associated dysplastic changes.
The aim of the study was to determine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in lesions from mucosal and keratinized cutaneous epithelium of the anogenital tract. One hundred ninety-eight women and 55 men with anogenital lesions were enrolled for the study. Biopsies were prepared for histological analysis and in situ hybridization using biotinylated probes. Potential oncogenic HPV were found in 15% of samples showing no outward signs of HPV infection or inflammation. They were detected in 40% of samples showing low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) and in 95 to 100% of lesions showing high-grade SIL. Cytomegalovirus DNA was detected twice as frequently in women as in men, and was preferentially associated with high-grade SIL. A significant relationship between high-risk HPVs and the presence of CMV was observed in the low-grade lesions. Our data suggest that the CMV genome in the host epithelial cells might act as a permissive factor upon which oncogenic HPV could interact over time to increase the frequency and severity of cervical, penile, and anal dysplasia.
Anus Neoplasms↗
[Detection of cyclin A mRNA in intra-epithelial lesions of the anogenital tract induced by papillomavirus].
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been recognized as likely viral agents responsible for anogenital precancer lesions and squamous cell cancers in both men and women. Nevertheless their role in carcinogenesis is not entirely clear. There are many other agents, both viral and non-viral, which might act synergistically or separately with HPV in a multistep tumorigenic process. Among non-viral factors, protooncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations may be a major step towards the malignant transformation of an HPV-infected cell. The induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by human papillomaviruses would provide the basis for the potential of these viruses to contribute to the formation of tumors in vivo. Thus, we studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) the cyclin A gene expression in HPV-induced condylomatous and dysplastic lesions of the anogenital tract, and in inflammatory squamous intraepithelial tissues. We observed a high level of cyclin A gene expression in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions infected by HPV type 6/11. Cyclin A induction was surprisingly more important in the upper third layers of differentiated cells together with large amounts of HPV DNA, than in proliferating basal and parabasal cells. An identical pattern was also shown in some low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions infected with potential oncogenic HPV. In contrast, there was evidence of low abundance cyclin A mRNA in most high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions induced by high risk HPV. In the inflammatory tissues, an ISH signal was sometimes detected in the basal cells. As for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), these results observed in vivo reveal that viral oncoproteins are able to reactivate cellular DNA replication machinery to support papillomavirus DNA replication in normally differentiated, non-cycling cells. The induction of cyclin A gene expression appears to correlate with the proliferative rather than the transforming properties of these cells.
Anus Diseases↗
Herpes virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: clinical and biological characteristics of six cases.
The present paper describes six cases of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) occurring after bone marrow transplantation. Treatments were ineffective and disease was rapidly fatal in all patients, although immunotyping of cells in blood, bone marrow or cerebrospinal fluid was helpful to establish the diagnosis of LPD. Monoclonality was demonstrated in the 4 cases which it was possible to analyse. Herpes virus genome was present in tumoral cells of 4 in 4 cases tested for EBV, one in 3 cases tested for CMV, one in 3 cases tested for HHV6 and 3 in 3 cases tested for HSV. Patients developing LPD should benefit from earlier diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches such as donor lymphocyte infusions, while further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of Herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of LPD.
Adolescent↗
Detection of cytomegalovirus-infected cells in bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from donors and recipients.
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Adolescent↗
Detection of human papillomavirus by in situ polymerase chain reaction in paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies.
The efficiency of the in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences in 20 cervical biopsies fixed with buffered formalin, paraffin-embedded and revealed negatively by conventional in situ hybridization (ISH) has been investigated. The biopsies were classified histologically into condylomata acuminata without dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma in situ. Amplified HPV DNA was performed after an optimal proteolytic digestion using one pair of consensus oligonucleotide primers located in the L1 ORF of HPV 6 and ISH was carried out after the PCR assay with a cocktail of biotinylated HPV probes. Viral DNA was detected in 100% of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and in 50 to 60% of low grade SIL. The high sensitivity of the in situ PCR applicable to paraffin-embedded archival biopsies facilitated the detection of cells poorly reactive by conventional ISH. In situ PCR appeared clearly an efficient tool to investigate HPV infection in tissue sections.
Base Sequence↗
Rapid detection of active cytomegalovirus infection by in situ polymerase chain reaction on MRC5 cells inoculated with blood specimens.
An in situ polymerase chain reaction was developed to amplify immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus in cells cultured in a 96 well plate and infected with leukocytes. The technical parameters enabling optimal detection of the DNA sequences were defined. The key to this method is the fixation of cells, which facilitates the access of the PCR mixture into the cell nuclei and preserves cell morphology. Such a technique could have wide application for the detection and identification of other infectious viruses in cultured cells very early after inoculation of clinical samples.
Base Sequence↗
Evaluation of Biohit HPV Screening and Typing kits in detection of human papillomavirus DNA from lesions of anogenital tract.
The Biohit HPV Screening and Typing kits for in situ hybridization of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA are now commercially available. The HPV Screening kit contains a cocktail of HPV probes, and the Typing kit contains separated hybridization probes for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. They were evaluated by comparison with an in situ hybridization (ISH) method, using the Pathogene HPV probes 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/51. One hundred anogenital biopsies from 78 women and 22 men were tested. Among them, 43% showed normal or inflammatory mucosa, 44%, koilocytosis or mild dysplasia, and 13%, moderate to severe dysplasia. Altogether, 60 specimens were positive with the ISH reference method: 17 with the HPV 6/11 probe, 12 with the HPV 16/18 probe, 16 with the HPV 31/33/51 probe, and 15 had mixed infections. The agreement between the Screening test and the homemade ISH is 91%. The Screening test has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 87%. As for the Biohit Typing test, four false-negative samples, and partial or total discordance in nine and four samples, respectively, were observed when compared to our reference method. Thus the agreement between both typing ISH tests is 92%. The sensitivity of the Biohit Typing test is 93%, and the specificity, 91%. The sensitivity decreases to 72% when the 31 and 33 probes are evaluated separately. The Biohit Screening assay is simple, reliable, reproducible, and suitable for rapid routine screening. The Biohit Typing test allows the detection of a specific type of HPV DNA and also permits, in mixed HPV infection, definition of the type of associated HPV DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anus Diseases↗
In situ hybridization for the detection of cytomegalovirus in blood or bone marrow leucocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
We report a study of CMV detection by a nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) technique using a biotinylated CMV-DNA probe. The method was applied to blood and bone marrow cells and its results were compared with those of other currently used techniques. First, we analysed peripheral leucocytes on blood donors, and, after comparison with PCR, we obtained 75% sensitivity and 87% specificity rates. We then studied four BMT recipients during the first 105 d post-transplant. A positive signal was detected as a predominantly nuclear staining. The detection of an ISH-positive signal occurred at least 8 d before CMV isolation from viral culture. The number of positive cells was variable according to the patients' clinical evolution, showing a dramatic increase of labelled cells in viraemic patients and then a decrease until complete disappearance of labelled cells when an efficient anti-viral treatment was initiated. This study suggests that the detection of CMV-DNA by ISH performed on peripheral leucocytes is a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of CMV infection and could lead to the initiation of optimal ganciclovir treatment.
Bone Marrow↗
Biotransformation of the Herbicide Atrazine by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Biotransformation of atrazine by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by a 48% decrease of the initial herbicide concentration in the growth medium within the first 4 days of incubation, which corresponded to the mycelium-growing phase. Results clearly established the mineralization of the ethyl group of the herbicide. Analysis of the growth medium showed the formation of hydroxylated and/or N-dealkylated metabolites of atrazine during fungal degradation.
Journal Article↗
Oncogene activation: an informative marker for the human papillomavirus-lesions severity.
The aim of this study was the detection of c-Ha-ras and c-myc activation and p21ras and p62myc expression in anogenital HPV-associated lesions. Thirty-two women with cervical and vaginal lesions and forty men with anal or penile warts were enrolled for the study. Biopsies were subjected to histological assessment, in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes, and immunohistochemistry. In both women and men, most of the biopsies showing no major histological abnormalities were negative for HPV detection. The low-grade squamous intraepithel-)ial lesions (SIL) harbored HPV in more than 50% of cases. The high-grade SIL contained mostly oncogenic HPV. C-Ha-ras and c-myc activation was detected in 31/41 HPV-positive lesions, especially in lesions harboring HPV 31/35/51 or multiple HPV. Simultaneous activated oncogenes were found in 7 out of 9 high-grade SIL and in 21 out of 45 low-grade SIL. In most of the lesions, we demonstrated concurrent detection of p21ras and p62myc proteins and oncogene activation. Our study shows that c-Ha-ras and c-myc activation is correlated with oncoprotein expression and associated with the presence of oncogenic HPV. Such activation might play a role in the development of high-grade anogenital dysplasia.
Anus Diseases↗
[Anogenital papillomavirus lesions in humans with or without HIV infection. Comparison of colposcopic, histopathological and virological results].
Anal and genital lesions caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) may be associated with severe dysplasia and cancer, chiefly in cases of "high risk" HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, 51. The frequency of HPV infections and the severity of genital cancers seem to be increased in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHOD. The distribution of different HPV types was compared with the anatomical and clinical features of the lesions in two populations, one HIV+ (n = 40) and the other HIV- (n = 48), who had anal and genital lesions. The HPV DNA was determined by molecular hybridization in situ, using biotinylated probes which recognized HPV types 6/11, 16/8 and 31/35/51 on 99 lesions. RESULTS. HIV+ subjects differed from HIV- subjects in that a higher proportion of them had anal lesions (50 p. 100 vs 10 p. 100) and condyloma latum (80 p. 100 vs 50 p. 100). Koilocytosis without dysplasia was more often found in HIV- subjects (12.5 p. 100 vs 55 p. 100). Conversely, dysplasia was more frequent among the lesions of HIV+ subjects: grade I 39.5 p. 100 vs 17.5 p. 100; grade II 25 p. 100 vs 4 p. 100; grade III 12.5 p. 100 vs 0 p. 100. Koilocytosis was preferentially associated with condyloma acuminatum. In HIV+ subjects the DNA of HPV, detected in 73 p. 100 of the lesions, was "high risk" HPV DNA in 86 p. 100 of the cases, whereas in HIV- subjects 51 p. 100 of the samples were positive in hybridization, and 61.5 p. 100 had "low risk" HPV DNA. In subjects of all groups "high risk" HPV was found in dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSION. HIV seropositive subjects show an imbalanced distribution of HPV with predominance of "high risk" HPV. This suggests that immunodepression encourages infection by this oncogenic virus, thereby contributing to the frequency of cancer in HIV+ subjects.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Viral co-infections in human papillomavirus-associated anogenital lesions according to the serostatus for the human immunodeficiency virus.
In HIV-infected men, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly linked with the development of anogenital lesions but is not a sufficient factor to explain the neoplastic transformation of such lesions. We investigated the association between HPV and herpesvirus infections in penile and anal lesions from 54 HIV-seronegative and 54 HIV-seropositive men by means of colposcopy, histopathology and in situ hybridization. Our patients showed condyloma acuminata (39%), papular warts (35%) and macular warts (26%). High-grade lesions were predominant in the HIV+ men, whereas low-grade lesions were more frequent in the HIV- men. In the HIV+ group, potential oncogenic HPV were the most frequently detected (83.4%) whereas the "low-risk" HPV were found chiefly in HIV- men (62.1%). The CD4 number was lower in patients showing "high-risk" HPV than in men showing lesions without HPV or with non-oncogenic HPV. HPV types 6/11 were found mainly associated with koilocytosis or with AIN(PIN)I. Oncogenic HPV were more often detected in AIN(PIN)II-III. The herpesviruses DNA detection revealed a higher prevalence of HSVI and -2 than CMV and EBV in the studied biopsies. The frequency of HSV and CMV detection was higher in the HIV+ than in the HIV- men. A link was found between the "high-risk" HPV and the CMV detection whatever the population considered. The detection in HPV lesions of other sexually transmitted viral agents could therefore represent an important means of preventing progression of the anogenital disease, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
Anus Diseases↗
Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin and cortisol responses to sub-maximal exercise after sleep disturbances.
The present study compared the effects of partial sleep deprivation and the effects of an intake of a hypnotic compound (zolpidem) prior to bedtime, on sleep and on hormonal and metabolic adaptations to subsequent exercise. Sleep deprivation consisted of a delayed bedtime and an early getting-up time. Eight young subjects, who slept well and were highly trained athletes, were enrolled in this study. Sleep was recorded polygraphically and the following afternoon exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 75% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) after a 10-min warm up. Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, cortisol, and lactate concentrations were measured at rest and during exercise. The data obtained after experimental sleep, with and without medication were compared with those obtained in the reference condition with normal sleep. Both types of sleep reduction decreased the total sleep time, stage 2 sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep, whereas zolpidem administration did not modify either the duration of sleep or the sleep stages. After the reference night, plasma met-enkephalin did not show any significant change at the end of the submaximal exercise, whereas beta-endorphin, cortisol, and lactic acid concentrations increased significantly in all subjects. The changes in concentration in beta-endorphin were significantly related to the changes in cortisol (r = 0.78; P less than 0.01) and to the changes in plasma lactic acid (r = 0.58; P less than 0.05). Cortisol concentrations were also related to lactic acid values (r = 0.94; P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Study by in situ hybridization of the prevalence of herpes virus as cofactors of the tumoral development of papillomatous lesions of the anogenital region in seropositive and seronegative men against HIV].
Infection with specific types of HPV has emerged as necessary but not sufficient factor in the neoplastic transformation of anogenital condylomas. Some viruses (HIV, Herpes viridae: HSV, CMV, EBV) might act as cofactors in the neoplastic changes and cancer. To study the prevalence of these viral pathogens in anogenital lesions, biopsies were obtained from HIV seropositive or seronegative men and tested using in situ hybridization technique. Infection by "high risk" HPV, HSV and CMV are facilitated in patients immunocompromised by HIV. Presence of CMV is more frequent in high risk HPV-induced lesions than in low risk HPV lesions.
Anus Neoplasms↗