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C Mougin

Publications and source records attributed to C Mougin.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Changes in plasma prolactin levels during physical exercise in man: effect of preliminary mental activity related to emotional stress].

1. Eighteen male volunteers, from 19 to 21 years, were studied immediately before and after submaximal exercise (50-70% VO2 max and from 0.30 to 0.50 p.m.). These subjects accomplished from 10 to 11:30 a.m. two kinds of mental work: group A (n = 10) was attending a lecture and group B (n = 8) was sitting for an examination (i.e. mental work associated with emotional stress). 2. Plasma prolactin levels were measured before and after exercise by radioimmunoassay method. Results were compared between these two groups and with control groups C (n = 6) and D (n = 6), at rest from 0.30 to 0.50 p.m., and respectively placed in the same situations as groups A and B prior exercise. 3. Plasma prolactin rose during exercise following mental work as generally observed in exercise. On the contrary plasma prolactin decreased during exercise following an examination but prolactin levels before exercise were significantly higher if stress was prior to exercise. This marked increment in plasma prolactin could be related to stress associated with examination if compared to control groups; the previous emotional stress could inhibit prolactin response to a future excitement.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of an intravenous calcium load on plasma prolactin in man (author's transl)].

Eighteen male volunteers, from 20 to 35 years, were studied after an overnight fast and in a resting phase. Nine of them were injected i.v. at 09.00 h with calcium (180 mg Ca in 20 ml), nine controls received the same volume of 0,9% NaCl. Plasma PRL, calcium, PTH, and urinary cyclic AMP were determined just before i.v. injection and 1, 2 and 3 hours later. In the controls, plasma PRL was decreased after the i.v. injection of 0.9% NaCl. Plasma calcium, PTH and urinary cyclic AMP levels were unchanged. In the calcium treated-group, plasma PRL, PTH and urinary cyclic AMP decreased progressively. No significant difference in plasma PRL levels was observed between the two groups. A rise in plasma calcium produced by i.v. calcium injection (+ 1 mg/100 ml 1 hour after injection), sufficient to decrease plasma PTH and urinary cyclic AMP, did not change the plasma prolactin level in man.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology of papillomavirus infections. IV. Sero-epidemiological data].

Serological assays using synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins to identify specific HPV infection either fail to correlate with the type of infection or are only able to identify a small percentage of infected individuals. But genetically engineered Virus Like Particles (VLP) seem useful to develop Elisas for serological diagnosis of HPV infection and antibodies to VLP appear to correlate well with HPV DNA presence. The levels of secretory immunoglobulins in genital secretions would provide a better indicator of HPV infection, but reproducibility and standardization of the detection methods are unresolved. The clinical relevance of serologic responses is still questionable, since frequency and titer of several types of antibodies generated against HPV show a great variability which is dependent on the HPV type specificity, on the recognized epitopes and on the type of samples. However the detection of neutralizing antibodies associated with disease recurrence and antibodies raised against HPV16 E6 and E7 peptides found to react with sera of cancer patients, needs to pay attention.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology of the papillomavirus infections: V. Vaccine developments].

Several genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are recognised as aetiologic factors for cervical cancer, and viral DNA account for more 99% of cases. Thus, prevention of HPV infection by, for example, types 16 and 18, should reduce the world-wide incidence of cervical cancer. Many strategies are being developed for the control of HPV-associated lesions of the uterine cervix: prophylactic vaccines which elicit neutralizing antibodies to prevent HPV infection, and therapeutic vaccines which induce a T-cytotoxic response to early viral oncoproteins. Experimental trials are being conducted to test mucosal immunization with an ideal antigen delivery system. Vaccination strategies elicit a protective antibody response in animal species, but in humans, strategies which are likely to be effective in the control of HPV-associated preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix are still under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oncogenic human papillomaviruses in extra-genital Bowen disease revealed by in situ hybridization].

BACKGROUND: The association between mucosal oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) and bowenoid papulosis or genital Bowen's disease is well documented. In contrast this association with extra-genital Bowen's disease is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to detect oncogenic (16/18, 31/33/51) and non oncogenic (8/11) mucosal HPV using a in situ hybridization method in 28 skin biopsy specimens of extra-genital Bowen's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight cases of extra-genital Bowen's disease seen in the period 1990-96 in the Dermatology department were included: 19 women and 9 men (mean age: 72 years). Bowen's disease locations were: hands and feet (8 cases), limbs (11 cases), face (8 cases), trunk (1 case). Blinded histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Bowen's disease and signs of HPV infection (koilocytosis). In situ hybridization was performed using three biotinylated probes detecting HPV types 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/51. RESULTS: Oncogenic HPV genoma was detected in 8 skin samples (28.6 p. 100). In all these cases, 16/18 probe was positive and in two cases, both 16/18 and 31/33/51 probes were positive; 4/8 Bowen's diseases of the extremities were positive for HPV. Koilocytes were found in 6/8 of skin samples with positive HPV detection. DISCUSSION: Mucosal oncogenic HPV are detected by in situ hybridization in 28.6 p. 100 of extra-genital Bowen's disease. In situ hybridization is an easier technique than Southern-Blot hybridization which is the gold standard. Five studies reported similar results and three studies reported different results that we discuss. A precise understanding of oncogenic HPV implication in the development of extra-genital Bowen's disease could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies (topical cidofovir or imiquimod).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anal human papillomavirus DNA screening by Hybrid Capture II in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with or without anal intercourse.

High risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have emerged as risk factors for anal carcinoma, of which incidence is higher in HIV-positive patients than in the general population. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for anal HPV infections in HIV-positive patients with or without history of anal intercourse. Fifty HIV 1-infected patients (36 men and 14 women) were tested at entry and followed-up every 3 months for one year for the presence of anal HPV DNA by the Hybrid Capture II trade mark assay. A series of 50 HIV-negative subjects matched for age and sex served as controls. At enrollment, anal HPV DNA was present in 29/50 HIV-positive patients (58 %) and in 3/50 control subjects (6 %). High risk (HR) HPV genotypes were detected in 20/50 HIV-positive patients (40 %) with no difference in homosexual men and other HIV-positive patients. Risk factors for HPV infection were CD4 + cell counts less than 500/microL (RR: 2.13 [95 % CI: 1.0-4.7]) and history of anogenital warts (RR: 2.36 [95 % CI: 1.2-4.6]). The HPV load was higher in patients with CD4+ < or = 500/microL than in patients with CD4 + > 500/microL (p < 0.04). During the follow-up, anal HR HPV DNA was repeatedly identified at high levels in 5 HIV-positive patients. There is some convincing evidence that HIV-positive patients with low CD4+ cells, whatever the routes of HIV transmission, have a high rate of anal HPV infection and might be at increased risk of developing anal neoplastic lesions. Identifying HR HPV infection might be warranted in immunosuppressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology of papillomavirus infections. I. General characteristics].

Papillomaviruses are pathogens which induce cutaneous and mucosal lesions in man and in many animal species. The characterization of these viruses was rather low, because viral infection cannot be fully reproduced in cell culture. The development of molecular biology techniques in the 1970s permitted to establish the remarkable plurality of the viruses, the tissue specificity and pecular pathogenicity linked to the type. Studies of the genome organization, the gene expression regulation and the protein characterization gave many informations leading to understand the mechanisms of viral-related carcinogenesis, especially the role of HPV16, the major risk factor for the development of squamous cervical carcinoma.

Genome, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology of papillomavirus II infections. Their role in the carcinogenesis of the cervix].

The association of human papillomaviruses (HPV), i.e., papillomavirus type 16, with cervical dysplasias and carcinomas is now well established. Additional agents such as sexual behaviour, immunity deficiency, sociodemographic factors, microbiological agents..., are however implicated in the multistage progression from viral infection to cancer. And inactivation of tumor suppressor gene products (p53, p105Rb), oncogene activation (c-myc, c-ras), aneuploidy, karyotypic abnormalities are key events in the tumor progression. Numerous aspects of the biology of human papillomavirus, i.e. natural history, epidemiology, nature and mechanisms of the immune response are under active investigation. Screening strategies of HPV infections (cytology, HPV DNA detection and HPV antibody detection) demonstrated their efficacy in many countries, while prophylaxy and treatment of these infections by vaccines are still under development.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The biology of papillomavirus infections. III. Immune response].

Infection with the human papillomaviruses, especially with oncogenic HPVs increases the risk for development of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. The immune response of the host is likely to be an important factor in determining regression or progression of papillomaviruses-associated lesions. Systemic IgG and IgA response is classically associated with current or past papillomavirus infections. A deficiency in local cellular immune response is however frequently observed and linked to a decrease of cytokine synthesis by infected cells, a reduction or loss of MCH I molecules and a defect in antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Although secretory immunoglobulins are generated locally in response to papillomavirus infections, humoral immunity in the female genital reproductive tract seems to be inefficient. The papillomavirus infections would lead to a decrease in cellular immunity which could be favourable to viral latency and/or precancerous and cancerous lesion development.

Antibodies, Viral↗