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Biomedical subjects

C Mueller-Eckhardt

Publications and source records attributed to C Mueller-Eckhardt.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Current status of granulocyte separation and transfusion].

Granulocyte substitution therapy is of definitive clinical value when correctly indicated and consequently performed. Comparing the different techniques for leucocyte separation, the combination of continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) and filtration (FL) permits the highest yield of granulocytes. As yet, all available methods imply a rather high degree of inconvenience and a considerable rate of side effects for the (normal) donor which cannot easily be justified from a medical point of view. On the other hand, CFC and especially FL have a great potential for further improvement. Hence, higher yields and less donor affection are expectable. Granulocyte procurement is a great challenge to existing transfusion centres requiring their future engagement and expansion in this new and important field.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1977

An improved modification of cycle filtration leucopheresis.

We report about an own modification of repetitive cycle filtration leucopheresis (RFL). Compared to the method described by De Fliedner et al. (1974) it is simpler to perform, permits the use of commercially available filtration sets and thus reduces the costs of the procedure considerably. The mean yields of the granulocytes collected in 51 RFL from unconditioned normal donors amounted from 1.7 to 2.3 X 10(10) dependent on the number of the filtration cycles performed.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1977

[Problematic blood transfusion (author's transl)].

Two patients were admitted with signs of haemolysis due to severe transfusion reactions. Serological investigations showed the presence of the antibodies anti-IKb and anti-Fya. After a short period of haemodialysis the patient with Kidd antibodies died. A further patient with triple antibodies (anti-c, -K, -Lub) was so pre-immunised that with an antigen frequency of over 99.9% no compatible blood could be found in Europe. By means of information from the European Central Index in Amsterdam compatible blood for the operation could be obtained from Australia. In the fourth case the antibody anti-Cob was found which had not previously been described in Germany and with which the phenotype could be determined in 1405 unselected persons in the German population. The frequency of Cob is 7.2%.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Significance of complement activation in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of "warm type".

To study possible relationships between serum C3 and C4 levels and fixation of complement components (C) on red cells, 79 patients of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of warm type (AIHA) and 7 patients of various diseases with positive direct antiglobulintest (DAT) but without haemolysis were investigated. 23 out of 79 patients with AIHA were analyzed repeatedly during the course of the disease. There were no significant differences of C levels between the various clinical types. However, the number of patients with reduced levels of C3 and C4 was significantly higher among cases with C fixation on the red cells than among those with fixation of immunoglobulins alone. Changes were more pronounced for C4 than C3 and mean values of serum C4 were significantly lower in the group with C fixation. If incomplete warm haemolysins were demonstrable, C4 levels were lower than in cases without warm haemolysins. During the clinical course, C3 and C4 concentrations showed a close correlation to the severity of haemolysis.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1977

Reappraisal of the clinical and etiologic significance of immunoglobulin deviations in autoimmune hemolytic anemia ('warm type').

56 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia ('warm type') (AIHA) were investigated for immunoglobulin deviations. Of these, 43 were repeatedly analyzed (mean 4 times). The mean observation time was 20 months. The immunoglobulin values were correlated with clinical (degree of hemolysis) and serological (immunoglobulin class of autoantibodies; strength of antiglobulin reaction) parameters and statistically evaluated by variance analysis. Although no significant deviations of immunoglobulins in AIHA were found as compared to a normal control group, the immunoglobulin disturbance most frequently seen was an elevation of IgM. This is interpreted as a possible lack or functional impairment of immunoregulatory T cells in AIHA.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Specific interaction of HLA antibodies (eluates) with washed platelets.

The mechanism of complement-independent action of HLA-A2 antibodies (eluates) on washed platelets was investigated. HLA-specific alteration was confirmed by serological (platelet micro-complement fixation), morphological (platelet spreading) and functional parameters (platelet aggregation, inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, [14C]serotonin release). In the presence of fibrinogen and calcium ions, HLA antibodies induced instantaneous platelet aggregation and release. Although no morphological (spreading) and functional changes (collagen-induded aggregation) were seen, these platelets did not aggregate or release when fibrinogen was subsequently added. When platelets--in the presence of fibrinogen--were incubated with antibody concentrations too low to induce platelet aggregation or release, specific reduction of platelet reactivity was observed by subsequent collagen aggregation. HLA-specific action of antibodies on washed platelets was inhibited by apyrase and acetyl-salicylic acid, indicating an active participation of platelets in HLA antibody-induced platelet alteration.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

HLA-antibody-induced 14C-serotonin release from platelets. A methodological analysis.

The prerequisites and kinetics of HLA-antibody-induced 14C-serotonin release from platelets were investigated with five HLA-specific antisera. By studying the influence of incubation time, temperature, pH, platelet count, stirring and extent of platelet labeling, optimal results were obtained after 30 (to 60) min of incubation at 37 degrees C, pH 7.5-8.0, under constant stirring (400 rpm). Optimal platelet counts varied between 160,000 and 400,000/microliter depending on the antiserum applied. A comparison of the amount of 14C-serotonin released by different antisera from washed platelets and from platelets in platelet-rich plasma suggests that plasma components--most likely complement--may additionally influence the results. Based on these experiments, a standardized microtechnique of HLA-antibody-induced 14C-serotonin release is recommended.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

The problem of platelet autoantibodies. I. Evaluation of the platelet factor 3 availability test for their detection.

To assess two modifications of the platelet factor 3 (PF3) test for platelet antibody detection, an analysis of test conditions was performed with normal test material (serum, plasma, globulin fraction), defined HLA-specific, complement-fixing antisera and a quinidine-induced antiserum. It was shown that, under standardized conditions, the PF3 test revealed known platelet antibodies confirming earlier results. Its reproducibility and, to a lesser degree, its sensitivity were inferior to platelet complement fixation. In contrast, the test did not permit the reliable determination of platelet autoantibodies in sera of 89 thrombocytopenic patients including 36 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Positive results loosely corresponded to the presence of HLA antibodies in sera.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1977

The problem of platelet autoantibodies. II. The applicability of the 14C-serotonin release test.

To evaluate the applicability of the 14C-serotonin release test for the demonstration of platelet autoantibodies, normal test material (sera, plasmas, globulin fractions), HLA-specific complement-fixing platelet antibodies and aggregated human gamma-globulin (agammaG) were tested in comparison to sera (plasmas, globulin fractions) of 101 thrombocytopenic patients including 46 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Whereas defined immunological stimuli (HLA antibodies, agammaG) were detected with satisfactory precision, platelet autoantibodies could not be demonstrated. Only sera containing HLA antibodies due to previous immunization induced reproducible 14C-serotonin release. Results with test material from thrombocytopenic patients were analyzed by 2 x 2 tables and inconsistencies were shown to be caused by methodological variations.

Autoantibodies↗