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Biomedical subjects

C N Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to C N Edwards.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Penicillin therapy in icteric leptospirosis.

A prospective, controlled randomized study of penicillin therapy in icteric human leptospirosis was carried out between 1 October 1983 and 31 December 1986. Thirty-eight patients received intravenous crystalline penicillin for 5 days, while 41 assigned to a control group received intravenous fluids only. A comparison of the results of laboratory tests made on the day of admission revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in time for defervescence, return of biochemical parameters to normal, incidence of iritis, or mortality in the 2 groups. Three patients (7.3%) in the control group and 1 patient (2.6%) in the treatment group died. The overall mortality rate was 5.9%. Leptospira were recovered from urine cultures in 6 control patients but from none of the treated patients' post-treatment cultures. We conclude that penicillin has little effect on clinical outcome in icteric leptospirosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The birth defects information system. A computer-based information resource for diagnostic support, education, and research.

The Center for Birth Defects Information Services, a non-profit scientific collaborative formed to promote scientific and professional communication in birth defects and human genetics, operates a number of print and electronic information services designed to support clinical practice, education, and research. Unique among these services is Micro BDIS; a self-contained Birth Defects Information System for the personal computer. Subscribers are able to describe clinical cases or search criteria in a standardized language, as well as free text. The Micro BDIS evaluation facility then assists in the development of a differential diagnosis. Unusual cases that do not fit established diagnosis may be submitted to an Unknowns Registry.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1986

Thrombocytopenia in leptospirosis: the absence of evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation.

In a prospective study of human leptospirosis, thrombocytopenia was demonstrated in 54% of 24 cases. The only additional laboratory evidence suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation lay in a mild elevation of fibrinogen degradation products, but this occurred with equal frequency in nonthrombocytopenic patients. There is therefore no causal relationship between disseminated intravascular coagulation and the thrombocytopenia of human leptospirosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence of severe leptospirosis among humans on Barbados.

Leptospirosis was confirmed by the Leptospira Laboratory in 138 hospital patients on Barbados between early November 1979 and the end of 1982 (annual average 43.6 cases). These were the great majority of severe cases occurring on the island during that time. The crude incidence rate ranged between 15 and 23 per 100,000 population per year (average 17.6). 26 of the patients died (15 males, 11 females), giving an over-all case fatality rate of 18.8%, and an average of 8.2 deaths per year. 68% of all cases were in males. The highest percentages of cases were in males aged 20 to 24 and females aged 55 to 59, but the incidence of the disease in both sexes increased with age up to 60 years. Previous figures recorded on the island by the Ministry of Health for 1975-79 were considerably lower, with a mean of 23.6 cases per year and a crude annual incidence of 9.5 per 100,000. 15 of the patients died (13 males, 2 females), giving an over-all case fatality rate of 12.7% and an average of 3 deaths per year. 74% of all cases were in males. The highest percentages of cases were in the 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 year age groups for males and females, respectively, i.e., similar to those in the present series. In both sexes the incidence of leptospirosis increased with age up to 60 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mutagenicity studies of urine and faecal samples from rats treated orally with the food colourings Brown FK and Red 2G.

Urine and faecal extracts from rats given Brown FK or Red 2G orally (800 mg/kg body weight) were investigated for mutagenicity. Extracts were subjected to liquid fluctuation and plate incorporation assays with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of liver microsomes and/or a beta-glucuronidase-sulphatase preparation. Urine from Red 2G-treated rats only exhibited direct activity when coloured fractions from polyamide-column concentrates were tested with TA100. All other urines, as well as aqueous and ether faecal extracts from animals receiving either colouring, were no more mutagenic than the respective control extracts obtained from the same animals prior to dosing.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the mutagenicity of commercial preparations of the food colour Red 2G after purification or oxidation.

The UK-permitted, monoazo food colour Red 2G (C.I. 18050) has previously been shown to induce transition mutations in bacteria when tested with metabolic activation. Whilst this result has now been confirmed, later commercial food-grade batches of the dye have also been found to exhibit dose-dependent direct activity in fluctuation tests with E. coli WP2 uvr A. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of contaminants several of which were either eliminated or reduced in amount after laboratory recrystallization. A concomitant loss of mutagenicity occurred which was gradually regained with storage of purified preparations. Since peroxidation of standard samples significantly potentiated activity over a number of doses it is concluded that commercial mixtures contain at least one mutagenic impurity which may arise by spontaneous oxidation. The data are discussed in relation to the effects of oxidation on other aromatic amines and with respect to the use of this colour in foods.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1982

Thrombocytopenia in leptospirosis.

In a retrospective study undertaken to document the frequency of thrombocytopenia in cases of leptospirosis, 18 of 32 patients (56.3%) had a platelet count of 100 x 10(3)/mm3 or less. Renal failure occurred in 72.2% of thrombocytopenic patients and in 21.4% of patients with normal platelet counts. The association of thrombocytopenia and renal failure was significant (P less than 0.02). The common occurrence of thrombocytopenia and its association with acute renal failure in patients with leptospirosis has not previously been reported.

Acute Kidney Injury↗