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Biomedical subjects

C Norwood

Publications and source records attributed to C Norwood.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Glutathione and metallothionein status in an acute response by Mercenaria mercenaria brown cells to copper in vivo.

Red glands of Mercenaria mercenaria comprise brown cells that accumulate, detoxify, and excrete copper. Brown cell involvement in metal detoxification is due in part to endogenous glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT). The intent of this study was to test the hypotheses that brown cell GSH functions in protection against Cu2+ toxicity, that brown cell GSH provides the initial defense against Cu2+ prior to brown cell MT induction, and that MT variants (MTI, MTII), if present are unequal in response to Cu2+. Brown cells were analyzed for GSH and MT after 0.25, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days of treatment of Mercenaria with 0.01 and 0.05 ppm Cu2+. Glutathione initiated the brown cell acute response (within the first day of treatment) to both the 0.01 and 0.05 ppm Cu2+ treatments. Metallothionein in brown cells increased to Day 4 during treatment with 0.01 ppm Cu2+, whereas MT concentration was greatest at Day 2 after which it decreased to Day 4 with treatment of 0.05 ppm Cu2+. The change in MTII relative to its control was greater than that of MTI in the brown cell acute response to 0.01 ppm Cu2+ and also for Days 0.25 to 2 in response to the 0.05 ppm Cu2+ treatment. At Days 3 and 4 with the 0.05 ppm Cu2+ the change in MTI/MTII ratio was due to a greater change in MTI than MTII relative to their respective controls. The variants of brown cell MT appear to respond differently to Cu2+ depending on the Cu2+ treatment concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and vitamin E.

Histologically, granuloma annulare (GA) is a common non-infectious necrobiotic granulomatous reaction pattern that correlates with a number of different, but relatively specific clinical presentations. The cause or causes of GA are unknown: when localized, it is usually self-limiting, but it may be persistent when disseminated. We present three women who had had disseminated GA for more than 1 year. One patient had previously been treated with isotretinoin with no response. All three patients were treated with vitamin E 400 IU daily and zileuton 2400 mg daily. All responded within 3 months with complete clinical clearing. The anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects of vitamin E and zileuton may be an effective treatment in some patients with prolonged disseminated/generalized GA.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1996

Detection and identification of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts to DNA utilizing capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) is used for the detection and identification of adducts formed from the reaction of DNA with (+/-)-anti-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide (BPDE),an active metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Results presented in this paper demonstrate low nanogram detection limits ( < 10 ng or < 15 pmol) for normal scan spectra and collision-induced dissociation spectra of the main nucleotide adduct formed from this reaction. (BPDE reacts predominantly with the exocyclic amino group of guanine.) Exploitation of selective reaction monitoring (SRM) produces detection limits in the low picogram range ( < 85 pg or < 130 fmol). The application of sample stacking significantly increases the concentration detection limit (to approximately 10(-8) M). Nucleotide adducts are negatively charged at most pHs and are therefore ideally suited to the stacking process used in this research. These techniques have been applied to the analysis of the adducts formed from the in vitro reaction of BPDE with DNA. In addition it is shown that CZE-ES-MS, combined with solid-phase sample cleanup, can detect adducts at levels of four adducts in 10(7) unmodified bases or less.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
PubMed1995

Mandated life versus mandatory death: New York's disgraceful partner notification record.

In New York City in 1993, there were some 18,000 positive HIV tests but only 350 partner notifications completed by the New York City Health Department. The bleak disparity between these two numbers should haunt us all. We will never know for certain how many lives could have been saved by universally available notification services, but looking at the results of current, obstructive New York State notification law and policy, we have to know we are facing an enormous public health failure. In states and cities with well-established notification programs, between 50 and 90% of HIV-positive clients cooperate voluntarily with notification and, typically, 90% of partners contacted seek HIV-testing and preventive counseling. There are no differences in cooperation based on race, gender or sexual orientation. In New York, urgently required reform means legislation to mandate that notification services are offered to all people who test positive and to require the state to supply enough trained personnel to undertake sensitive notification and counselling. With Black and Latina women--most of whom are mothers--now at the highest risk for sexual HIV infection, New York's refusal to undertake the life-saving policies common elsewhere has not only resulted in a horrible abandonment of a very vulnerable population, but also accelerated the orphaning of children at unprecedented rates.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative analysis of abnormal hemoglobins by agar gel electrophoresis.

Measurement of the proportion of abnormal hemoglobin in a hemolysate is essential for differentiation of simple and compound heterozygotes (e.g., sickle cell trait vs. sickle thalassemia), for differential of alpha- and beta-thalassemia in compound heterozygotes, and for differentiation of various types of beta-thalassemia in such persons. Utilization of such measurements is hampered by the imprecision and inconvenience of current methods. We have adapted a readily available agar electrophoresis method for this purpose, scanning unstained gels at 420 nm. The new method is particularly valuable for rapid estimation of percent of HbS after partial exchange transfusion in patients with sickle cell anemia. It cannot be used for quantitation of HbF or for quantitation of hemoglobins that comigrate with HbA; contrariwise, it can be used for hemoglobins that only separate from HbA on agar (e.g., HbBethesda).

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1978

Tomographic diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas in Forbes-Albright syndrome (amenorrhea-galactorrhea).

The present study documents a characteristic tomographic sellar abnormality in five patients with Forbes-Albright syndrome (ammenorrhea-galactorrhea) and surgically proved pituitary microadenomas. This abnormality, noted in patients with normal-sized sellae, consists of asymmetric erosion of the anterior inferior wall of the sella turcica. Utilizing the twin criteria of an elevated serum prolactin and characteristic sella abnormality, herein described, previously unrecognized patients with pituitary microadenomas can be diagnosed and treated effectively.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are cutaneous reactions to fly larvae mediated by CD4+, TIA+ NK1.1 T Cells?

BACKGROUND: Although there have been reports of fly larvae in wounds and as isolated primary infestations, there have been only rare reports documenting reactions to the larvae within the skin in humans and animals. There have been no reports documenting the histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate. OBJECTIVE: We present a patient who developed local pruritus, erythema, and swelling approximately three weeks after infestation by a fly larva within the scalp. Histopathologically the biopsy site showed a mixed infiltrate containing lymphoid cells and numerous eosinophils. Immunohistochemical stains showed predominantly CD4+ T cells expressing an ab T-cell receptor (TCR) of which approximately 30% coexpressed T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA) and CD56. In addition, there were approximately 5% of these CD4+ T cells which coexpressed CD30. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings are consistent with an effector cell population of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells that produce a T-helper 2 cytokine pattern. The phenotype of this subset of T cells is unique and among its characteristics is that antigens--usually nonprotein antigens--are presented to these CD4+,TIA+ natural killer (NK)1.1T cells by CD1d molecules.

Antigen Presentation↗