Biomedical subjects

C Novelli

Publications and source records attributed to C Novelli.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood leukocytes of infants with congenital or postnatal infection.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent agent of viral infection in the fetus; it causes varying damage, particularly neurologic, which becomes evident at birth or in infancy in about 20% of infected individuals. Postnatal acquisition is usually asymptomatic and without sequelae. Laboratory diagnosis of congenital and postnatal infection is based on the demonstration of virus in urine. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the systemic spread of CMV in neonates with congenital or postnatal infection and to evaluate its significance in diagnosis and in monitoring anti-CMV treatments. DESIGN: Quantitative determinations of infective CMV (viremia) and viral antigen pp65 (antigenemia) were performed on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from the buffy coat of heparinized blood from children with a diagnosis of congenital (n = 19) or postnatal (n = 19) infection based on viral isolation from urine. RESULTS: Antigen pp65 in PBL was detected particularly in children with symptomatic infection, both congenital (100%) and postnatal (79%; P > 0.05), and significantly less frequently (50%; P < 0.001) in those with asymptomatic infection. Viremia was observed less often but always in association with antigenemia. Both tests became negative within 6 months. Neither viral titer nor persistent positivity was related to clinical manifestations. In the nine infants given anti-CMV therapy (ganciclovir and/or hyperimmune gamma-globulins) an early suspension of treatment resulted in the appearance of antigenemia and/or viremia. CONCLUSIONS: Cytomegalovirus was detected in PBL mainly in the most severely affected children. Monitoring antigenemia and viremia in CMV-infected infants is recommended to demonstrate persistent systemic infection and to evaluate virologic results of treatment.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1992

[The action on bacterial plaque of the mastication of a sorbitol chewing gum].

The authors made a clinical evaluation of mastication of sorbitol chewing gum and its interference on plaque accumulation on teeth in 14 volunteers, 10 men and 4 women with an age average of 27 y.o., who joined both control and gum groups for 1 or 2 or 3 days. Both groups, after perfectly cleaning their teeth, were requested to avoid any measure of oral hygiene for the whole time of the study and the gum group was advised to chew one sorbitol chewing gum immediately after every assumption of solid food for unless than 30' minutes with a minimum of 4 pieces a day (after breakfast, after lunch, during the afternoon, after dinner). They were supplied with one of two most diffused sorbitol chewing gums in Italy: Vivident in 8 and Happydent in 6 cases. The choice of sorbitol was made because it can be considered a non-cariogenic sweetener and because in our country it is the most used in the so called "senza zucchero" gums and sweets. Plaque extension was evaluated by Quigley-Hein plaque index with the same procedure of the original work and taken as a parametric value in order to apply parametric tests as media, normal distribution, standard deviation, variance, Student's tests, etc. These evaluations were made on Ramfjord's teeth: 1.6, 2.1, 2.4, 3.6, 4.1, 4.4 each one divided in two half. Results, so processed, showed a significant reduction (-0.96%; p < 0.01) of plaque index for 1 day with best effect on vestibular half of frontal teeth (p between < 0.01 and < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Dentin adhesives. An update].

Even if mechanical bonding to enamel utilizing the acid-etch technique has been very successful, adhesion to dentin is still a challenge to researchers and clinicians. Dentin is a vital tissue and differs in composition from enamel: acid-etching does not enhance the bond strength of composite resins to dentin and may elicit a severe pulpal response. For an effective bond to occur, a dentin bonding system has to be used. The first generation of methacrylate-based dentin adhesives was capable of chemical bonding to the inorganic phase of dentin. The chemical basis for this resin-dentin adhesive was the interaction between a phosphate group attached to the methacrylate and the calcium ions on the dentin surface. This system yielded rather low bond strengths which were clinically unsatisfying. The second generation of dentin adhesives became available to the profession recently. Each of these new bonding systems use similar chemical composition for the same purpose of bonding with physicochemical interaction to the hard tooth tissues. All these systems contain a mild acid dentin conditioner to remove the smear layer and an aqueous resin containing primer to improve monomer penetration into the hydrophilic dentin surface. The second generation dentin bonding systems are extremely sensitive to variations upon the completeness of instructions and how accurately these are followed by dental practitioners.

Acid Etching, Dental↗