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C Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to C Ochiai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A double-blind clinical evaluation of the effect of Nizofenone (Y-9179) on delayed ischemic neurological deficits following aneurysmal rupture.

The effect of Nizofenone (Y-9179), a vertebral protective agent, on delayed ischemic neurological deficits following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to aneurysmal rupture was investigated by a cooperative double-blind clinical trials. Delayed ischemic neurological deficits following SAH are closely associated with the occurrence of vasospasm, and the effectiveness of any cerebral protective agent depends on sufficient coverage by the drug over the period around the onset of ischemic insult. Therefore, the study was designed so that the effect of Nizofenone could be analyzed in terms of these two factors. In patients admitted within day 9 of SAH, drug administration was immediately initiated and continued for 5 days. When delayed ischemic neurological deficits occurred, angiography was carried out to confirm the presence of vasospasm, and then drug administration was extended for an additional 5 days. Ten of the 100 cases enlisted in the study were excluded prior to code-breaking because of the occurrence of severe complications not related to vasospasm. Out of the 42 cases of the Nizofenone group and 48 of the placebo group, 25 and 29 developed vasospasm, respectively. Thus Nizofenone did not prevent vasospasm. Of the 25 cases of the Nizofenone group with vasospasm, 13 cases received sufficient drug coverage around the onset of vasospasm. The placebo group, the total Nizofenone group, and the Nizofenone group with sufficient drug coverage were stratified according to the occurrence of vasospasm. The disability status index one month after admission and the neurological functions, such as motor and speech functions, of each group were then compared. In patients who developed vasospasm, only the Nizofenone group with sufficient drug coverage had a significantly better outcome than the placebo group (p less than 0.05). No particular side effect of Nizofenone was observed. Thus, the results indicate that Nizofenone may be useful in the therapy of delayed ischemic neurological deficits following SAH, although the effect of the drug may be considerably influenced by the timing of its administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Visualization of cerebellopontine angle diseases by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging].

The preliminary results from the clinical use a prototype whole body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine constructed by Toshiba Inc. are presented. Cranial NMR scans were performed on more than 30 cases with broad spectrum of neurologic diseases using saturation-recovery and inversion-recovery sequences with a field strength of 1500 Gauss. Selective excitation sequence was used for the slice selection and filtered backprojection was used to reconstruct the images. They were displayed on a 256 X 256 matrix as 12 mm thick sections. Data acquisition time varied between 3 and 12 minutes. Our initial experiences with six cases harboring cerebellopontine angle lesions disclosed advantages and disadvantages of NMR imaging in comparison with X-ray CT. The advantages were the absence of linear artifacts from the surrounding bone, the marked gray-white matter differentiation, and the variety of tomographic planes available. The disadvantages included the lack of bone detail, the lack of visualization of the major intracranial vessels, and the long time required for scanning (several minutes per slice). Although much continued evaluation is necessary, NMR seems to have vast potential as a diagnostic tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of human fibroblast interferon on malignant brain tumors].

Since 1980, phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of Hu-IFN-beta have been done in the field of neurosurgery. In the present study, (1) the results of in vivo experiments of Hu-IFN-beta are reported and (2) the effectiveness of Hu-IFN-beta in patients with malignant brain tumors is also evaluated. (1) The antitumor activities of beta-IFN and poly ICLC in nude mice receiving subcutaneous transplants of human brain tumors (2 strains) were compared with those of conventional anticancer drugs. After 3 weeks of treatment with ACNU, vincristine, bleomycin, mitomycin C, beta-IFN and poly ICLC, tumor reduction rates were evaluated by the method of Battelle. The effectiveness of beta-IFN and poly ICLC was slightly inferior to that of ACNU and vincristine, although tumor reduction rates (treated/control values) of 43% and 39% were respectively obtained with beta-IFN and poly ICLC against one strain of glioblastoma. (2) Clinically, 7 patients with malignant brain tumors were given beta-IFN (4 by intratumor administration and 3 by intravenous injection) in a dose of 3 X 10(6) to 9 X 10(6) IU/day for 2 to 6 months to study the efficiency and side effects of IFN treatment. One of four patients given IFN intratumorally showed a reduction in tumor size (partial response) by CT scan; the three patients injected IFN intravenously were unchanged. There were no noteworthy side effects in the cases treated intratumorally except for fever occurring in one patient. In the patients treated intravenously, however, fever, general malaise, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The influence of pentobarbital and Y-9179 on regional cerebral blood flow and infarction size in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in cats (author's transl)].

Following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in cats, the effect of delayed administration of pentobarbital (PBT) and a novel imidazole derivative (Nizofenone or Y-9179) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied. The rCBF was measured for one week by the hydrogen clearance technique without anesthesia. The overall effects of these drugs on histological changes were also assessed. Twenty-four animals, in which platinum electrodes were chronically implanted in the ten predetermined positions, were divided into following three groups. The control, PBT and Y-9179 groups received the vehicle, PBT (25 mg/kg/day) and Y-9179 (6.25 mg/kg/day), respectively. Drug administration was started 30 min after MCA occlusion and continued for three days. In the affected hemisphere of the animals which survived for one week, histological examination revealed ischemic lesions composed of the marginal, reactive and central zones. The infarction ratio calculated as the ratio of the damaged area to the whole hemispheric area was significantly smaller in the drug treated groups than in the control. In the Y-9179 group, the reduction of the area comprizing the central and reactive zones was particularly prominent. There were no apparent differences in the time-course of the rCBFs between the control and Y-9179 groups. Each channel showed reduction of the rCBF following MCA occlusion. Although slight fluctuations of the rCBF were seen during the first three to four hours, the initially dropped rCBF remained stable in both groups. In the PBT group, on the other hand, an increase of the rCBF took place following the administration of the drug in the area where the rCBF was initially reduced less than about 40 ml/100g/min after MCA occlusion. Most of the electrodes showing such an increase in the rCBF topographically corresponded to the reactive or boundary zone. In the control group, vasogenic edema characterized by the perivascular exudation of plasma fluid was prominent in the periphery of the central zone as well as in the inner layer of the reactive zone. Such changes were almost absent in the Y-9179 group, whereas it was more evident and close to the control in the PBT group. So far as the correlation between the course of the rCBF and the final histological outcome was examined, there was no evidence indicating the beneficial effect of the redistribution of the rCBF by PBT. Y-9179 had no significant action on the course of the rCBF but its anti-edema effect might be related to its cerebral protective action. The mechanism of cerebral protection by PBT or Y-9179 needs further clarification.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Characteristics of intracranial meningiomas in childhood.

18 cases of meningiomas in childhood below the age of 15 years at the onset of symptoms and signs were experienced in our clinic. They were studied as for the incidence, age and sex distributions, symptoms and signs at the onset, tumor locations, histological types, presence of cyst, dural attachments, and prognosis, in comparison with cases in adolescence (18 cases) and in adults (498 cases). Distinctive features in childhood meningiomas were: (1) relatively high incidence in the lateral ventricles (11.1%), (2) high incidence of cyst formation in the tumor (16.7%), and (3) of cases without any dural attachment (12.5%). These features were statistically significant as compared to adult cases (p less than 0.05). Features 1 and 2 were also true for adolescence cases. It was also revealed that male patients were predominant in childhood and adolescence (M:F = 10.8) in contrast to female predominance in adults (M:F = 1:1.6). The most frequent histological type was sarcomatous type (6 out of 18). It may be of interest that 3 cases of this malignant type have been alive for more than 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative contrast enhancement in brain tumors and intracerebral hematomas: CT study.

Postcontrast cerebral CT was performed sequentially on days 3, 7, and 14 after surgery in 34 patients [11 with gliomas; 6 with metastatic tumors, and 17 with intracerebral hematomas (ICH)]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural course and mechanisms of postoperative contrast enhancement (CE) of the brain around the removed lesions. Contrast enhancement was noted on days 3-14 in 10 patients in whom the gliomas were partially or subtotally removed. The intensity of CE appeared to increase with time. Among the six patients in whom the metastatic tumors were totally removed, four showed no CE until day 14 after surgery. Contrast enhancement appeared on day 3 in one and on day 14 in another. In 12 patients with ICH, which had been evacuated during the first 5 days after hemorrhage, CE was not noted on day 3 but began to appear on day 7, and intensified on day 14 after surgery. Contrast enhancement was demonstrated on day 3 in four of the five patients in whom the ICH was removed later than 10 days after the hemorrhage. No CE was observed on days 3 through 14 in the one patient in whom the hematoma capsule was totally removed. The present study suggests that CE noted on day 3 after removal of gliomas and metastatic tumors seems to be caused by extravasation of contrast medium within the residual tumor, which is devoid of blood-brain barrier. Contrast enhancement noted in ICH cases and intensifying CE noted in tumors 7 days after surgery seems likely to be caused by neovascularization in the postoperative brain.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanisms of cerebral protection by pentobarbital and nizofenone correlated with the course of local cerebral blood flow changes.

The effects of delayed administration of pentobarbital and a novel imidazole derivative (Nizofenone or Y-9179) on the infarction size following the regional cerebral ischemia were studied using the permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in cats. The courses of local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) before and after drug administration were also studied using the hydrogen clearance method. The extent of infarction one week after MCA occlusion was significantly smaller in the drug-treated groups than in the control group. Regarding the time-course of lCBF, there was no significant differences between the control and the Y-9179 groups. On the other hand, pentobarbital administration caused a significant lCBF increase in low-flow areas where the lCBF following MCA occlusion was below 40 ml/100g/min. In spite of this flow increase, the corresponding cortical areas underwent infarction. Histological examination of the state of vasogenic edema revealed that the perivascular exudation of plasma fluid in the infarcted area was definitely less in the Y-9179 treated group than in the other groups. Results indicate that redistribution of lCBF may not be involved in the mechanism of cerebral protection by pentobarbital or Y-9179.

Animals↗