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Biomedical subjects

C P Hubbard

Publications and source records attributed to C P Hubbard.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Stuttering, stressed syllables, and word onsets.

The relationship of syllabic stress, word onsets, and stuttering was examined on selected words within a set of 40 carefully controlled sentences containing bisyllabic words with contrastive stress. Ten stuttering adults displayed significantly more stuttering on the word-initial syllables than on the subsequent (word-final) syllables, whereas stressed syllables were not stuttered significantly more than unstressed syllables. Participants displayed a greater tendency to stutter on word-onsets than stressed syllables within words. These findings are discussed with respect to potential relationships of stutter events to layers of metrical structure associated with speech production.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Word familiarity, syllabic stress pattern, and stuttering.

The correspondence of stuttering and linguistic characteristics of utterances has led to speculations that a source factor for stutter events is a speaker's inadequate formulation of the speech code. In this study, the effects of word frequency and syllabic stress pattern on stuttering frequency were evaluated using specially designed sentences read orally by 10 adult stutterers and 10 adult nonstutterers. Results revealed statistically significant differences in stuttering frequency between sentences with low and high frequency words, but not between sentences with regular and irregular syllabic stress patterns. The significant rank order correlation between stutterers' word recognition vocabulary scores and amount of stuttering on sentences with high versus low frequency words affirmed that word familiarity, not simply word prominence, is an important factor contributing to the word frequency effect. The outcomes are discussed in relation to current psycholinguistic theories of stuttering, proposing that word access and phonological encoding difficulties could be a source factor that underlies the occurrence of stutter events.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Constancy of interstress intervals in the fluent speech of people who stutter during adaptation trials.

The constancy of interstress intervals (ISIs) was studied in the fluent speech of 2 people who stutter during five adaptation trials. Counter to prediction, ISI constancy did not improve as an accompaniment to the reduction of stuttering from Readings 1-5. Overall, the subjects' ISIs were substantially more variable in duration than those of 2 nonstutterers. This was accounted for by the subjects' unusually long ISIs in utterances that placed greater demands on speech motor control processes. Implications for impairment source factors in stuttering are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Syllabic stress and the occurrence of stuttering.

The occurrence of stuttering on stress-peak and unstressed syllables in connected speech was studied in 10 young adult stutterers. Results showed a significant coincidence of stutter events and syllabic stress peaks, particularly in polysyllabic words. Stuttering on the first three words of principal clauses, however, appeared independent of syllabic stress. Similarities between the loci of stutter events and segmental errors of speech are considered in relation to explanations that regard stuttering as evidence of failure in normal speech production processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acoustical durations of speech segments during stuttering adaptation.

Acoustical durations of stutter- and disfluency-free speech segments from Readings #1 and #5 in an adaptation series were measured in 4 adapting, 4 nonadapting, and 4 nonstuttering subjects. The segment durations measured were intervocalic interval, stop-gap, voice onset time, and vowel duration. No clear trends in the change of acoustical durations from Reading #1 to Reading #5 distinguished the adapting, nonadapting, or nonstuttering subjects. Moreover, on the basis of speech naturalness judgements, listeners did not differentiate the Reading #1 and #5 phrase segments of subjects with high adaptation versus those with low adaptation scores. From these findings and related literature, adaptation of stuttering, as well as other fluency-inducing conditions, are viewed as circumstances that reduce demands upon central motor-linguistic processes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1988

Clustering of disfluencies in the speech of stuttering and nonstuttering preschool children.

Cluster formation in speech disfluencies of 15 preschool stuttering children and an equal number of nonstuttering control subjects was studied and compared. Clustering was defined as the occurrence of two or more disfluencies on the same or adjacent words. A computer program, based on the Monte Carlo method, was used to generate sets of expected numbers of single disfluencies and disfluencies in various cluster sizes according to simulation models. Results indicate that disfluencies occurred in clusters more often than could have been expected by chance for both groups. The proportions of clustered disfluencies, as well as the size of clusters, in the speech of the stutterers were significantly greater than those of the nonstuttering subjects.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Response contingent stimuli and stuttering: issues and implications.

The first papers concerning effects of response contingent stimuli (RCS) on stuttering and speech disfluency were published approximately 30 years ago. Research in this area fluorished until about 1980 after which relatively few studies have been reported. Reasons for the decline in interest are not altogether clear because crucial issues remain unresolved. This paper highlights and evaluates these issues and considers their implications for future research.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability of judgments of stuttering and disfluency in young children's speech.

This study examined interjudge agreement levels for two forms of judgments of overt speech characteristics in young children's speech: stuttering and disfluency types. Five experienced adult listeners made judgments of disfluencies and stuttering in samples of eight young children's spontaneous speech on separate occasions with the order of tasks counterbalanced across listeners. Results showed that the interjudge reliability for judgments based on a disfluency taxonomy was not significantly different from that based on stuttering. The high coefficients of reliability for both procedures indicated that subjects would be ranked consistently on the basis of either form of judgment. The importance of both forms of judgments to stuttering treatment and research is discussed.

Adult↗