Biomedical subjects

C Padula

Publications and source records attributed to C Padula.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

New transdermal bioadhesive film containing oxybutynin: In vitro permeation across rabbit ear skin.

Oxybutynin is used extensively in the treatment of patients with overactive bladder. The aim of this work was to realize and test in vitro a new transdermal bioadhesive film containing oxybutynin. Transdermal films were prepared by dissolving in water an adhesive (Plastoid), a film-forming polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), a plasticizer (sorbitol) and the drug. The mixture was then spread on siliconized paper and oven-dried. Permeation experiments were conducted in Franz-type diffusion cells using rabbit ear skin as barrier. The donor compartment contained a water solution, the prepared film (with or without backing) or the commercial patch (Oxytrol). The experiments were performed for 24h. Oxybutynin showed good permeation characteristics across the skin. When the film was applied in occlusive conditions the release profiles were much higher than in non-occlusive conditions, reaching 50% of drug permeated after 24h. Compared to the commercial patch Oxytrol, the film was more efficient suggesting that a smaller area or a lower drug loading could be employed. The results obtained show that the bioadhesive film can be a promising and innovative therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of oxybutynin.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed2006

Bioadhesive monolayer film for the in vitro transdermal delivery of sumatriptan.

The work presented here aims to develop a bioadhesive monolayer film containing sumatriptan as adjuvant for the treatment of headache pain in a severe migraine attack. Permeation experiments were performed from the films prepared and from the respective solution, to evaluate the relevant permeation parameters. The effect of the penetration enhancers Transcutol, 2-pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 600 was evaluated. The results obtained show that Transcutol and 2-pyrrolidone decreased sumatriptan permeation from solution, whereas a modest increase was produced by polyethylene glycol 600. The enhancers produced the same effects when they were included in the film. Compared to solution, the film showed a higher sumatriptan flux in the early times of the experiment. When the film was applied in occlusive conditions the profiles were much higher, indicating the importance of patch drying. Concerning skin retention, the bioadhesive film produced a reduction of the amount of sumatriptan remaining in the skin, but this can be advantageous in the control of drug input, since it reduces the reservoir effect in the skin and allows for an immediate interruption of drug input when the patch is removed.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed2004

Alpha-tocopherol pro-vitamins: synthesis, hydrolysis and accumulation in rabbit ear skin.

We synthesized esters of alpha-tocopherol (VE) with the aim to develop new pro-vitamins, easily reconverted by enzymes in the skin and able to release another active moiety such as an amino acid, in order to obtain a synergic effect. In particular, the attention was dedicated to the amino acids glycine and alanine and to pyroglutamic acid. The sensitivity of pro-vitamins to enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated in vitro using porcine liver esterase. Permeation experiments were performed using rabbit ear skin, for the quantification of pro-vitamins and derived VE in the epidermis and dermis. The new derivatives synthesized, and in particular the glycine and alanine derivatives, accumulated in rabbit skin in a significant extent and originated substantial amounts of alpha-tocopherol. In comparison with the acetate derivative (VEAc), the amounts accumulated are comparable or higher. Moreover, the new derivatives, being more hydrophilic, allow the use of vehicles such as the mixture water/propylene glycol/ethanol widely employed for the preparation of creams and gels. Finally, the enzymatic metabolism of these new derivatives generates not only VE, but also components that can have a further advantageous action on skin.

Alanine↗

PubMed1999

Stages of change across ten health risk behaviors for older adults.

Owing to the recent success of the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change and the possible relationships between health behaviors, this study investigated the stage distribution of 10 healthy behaviors (seatbelt use, avoidance of high fat food, eating a high-fiber diet, attempting to lose weight, exercising regularly, avoiding sun exposure, sunscreen use, attempting to reduce stress, stopping smoking, and conducting cancer self-exams) and their interrelationships in a representative sample of health maintenance organization (HMO) members. The majority of older adults were found to be in either precontemplation or maintenance, illustrating the need to target interventions to precontemplation. Most older individuals were in precontemplation for losing weight and/ or sunscreen use and exercise, making these behaviors a priority for intervention research. Possible gateway behaviors to general health could be identified; however, these results are preliminary and require longitudinal follow-up.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Older couples' decision making on health issues.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the process of spousal influence as it relates to health-promotion behaviors and the concept desire to change spousal health behaviors. Fifty-nine elderly couples in long-term marriages were recruited through three senior centers; participants were asked to respond to five open-ended questions. The majority of couples said that they made health decisions jointly; wives tended to be the primary deciders in the even that a health decision had to be made. Most people, but particularly wives, desired to change something about their spouses' health behavior; a variety of strategies were used in the attempt to change spousal behavior. Aging or illness in the self or spouse were identified as precipitants of increased desire to change the spouses' health behavior over time.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cell lines.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cell lines were developed by genetically targeted tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. The cell lines designated GT1 cells have a neuronal phenotype, express neuronal but not glial markers and express the GnRH gene at high levels. The GnRH prohormone is processed in the cells to multiple molecular forms including biologically active GnRH and GnRH-associated peptide. Basal secretion of GnRH from the cells is regulated in part by fast Na+ channels necessary for propagated action potentials. In many instances, basal GnRH release is pulsatile with an interpulse frequency similar to that seen in castrated rodents, suggesting that GnRH neurons are the pulse generator and are capable of synchronizing their secretion in vitro. The secretion of GnRH is stimulated by depolarization and by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. In related studies we have demonstrated that expression of Simian virus 40 T antigen in GnRH neurons of transgenic mice leads to hypothalamic hypogonadism due to the inability of GnRH nerve terminals to organize in the median eminence. These findings support the use of genetically-directed tumorigenesis to establish highly differentiated GnRH neuronal cell lines that are a valuable model to study the cell biology and regulation of the neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Pitfall in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy: immunocytochemical evaluation in a patient with false-negative serum beta-hCG levels.

Tubal pregnancy specimens from a patient with undetectable serum beta-hCG levels and a control case with a low beta-hCG titer by radioimmunoassay were analyzed using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical localization of placental proteins. The results indicated that deficient production of beta-hCG by ectopic trophoblast was responsible for false-negative pregnancy tests in one patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Multicenter study of asphyxia neonatorum].

Out of 14,673 term infants born at seven neonatal centers in the Barcelona area, 215 newborns were identified as being at risk of developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. They had shown one or more of the following criteria: fetal pH less than or equal to 7.20, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, umbilical artery pH less than or equal to 7.20, 5 minute Apgar score less than or equal to 6, or the need for immediate neonatal resuscitation. 135 items were investigated in relation to epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters. The incidence of HIE was 6.39% and the mortality was 0.55%. Abnormal neurologic examination was present in 43.7% of 215 term infants at risk, and in 1/10 of them the symptoms were severe. The predictive accuracy of the criteria used in the study was: the most sensitive criteria were the fetal distress and umbilical artery pH, the most specific criteria were the need for immediate neonatal resuscitation and a 5 minute Apgar score less than or equal to 6, and the most efficient criteria were the need for immediate neonatal resuscitation and fetal pH less than or equal to 7.20.

Apgar Score↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco withdrawal in CCU patients.

This project examined the hypothesis that smokers, undergoing forced abstinence from tobacco in the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) setting, would have higher anxiety and more withdrawal symptoms than nonsmoking patients. The investigators found that anxiety was not higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, but that smokers did have more psychological withdrawal symptoms on the first day after admission. This article provides the critical care nurse with guidelines to assess patients for nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and offers suggestions for nursing care of these patients.

Anxiety↗